套袋梨园病虫害综合防治

套袋梨园应侧重于对枝干、叶部病虫害及人袋害虫的防治。选择高效、低毒、低残留、低药害的农药种类,同时要避免用药种类单一,以防病虫产生抗药性。在防治方法上,应坚持“综合防治”,本着“预防为主,治疗为辅”的原则。要注意保护天敌,选用对天敌无害的生物农药,在天敌发生高峰期不用药。强化农业措施防治、生物防治和人工防治。注意“三个结合”,即杀菌剂和杀虫剂相结合,防病虫药剂与叶面施肥相结合,药剂与助剂(多功能植物增效剂、展着剂等)相结合。     

Survey on the contamination of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in the soil of public parks of Wuhan, China

Toxoplasma gondii of warm-blooded animals and humans is an important pathogenic agent throughout the world. Soil is increasingly recognized as an important source in the transmission of Toxoplasma. To attain the contamination status of T. gondii in the soil of public parks, a total of 252 soil samples were collected from September 2009 to August 2010 at different sites located in 6 public parks of Wuhan, Hubei, China and detected by PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The detection limit of PCR/B1, PCR/529 and LAMP was determined to be 50, 5, and 5 tachyzoites in soil, respectively. Forty-one samples were found positive for Toxoplasma DNA by PCR on both genes, whereas LAMP products were generated in 58 samples (χ(2)=3.6328, P=0.0567). All parks were found contaminated and no significant difference was found among the parks (PCR: χ(2)=0.0072, P=0.9325; LAMP: χ(2)=0.6101, P=0.4347). However, contamination was found with significantly different among the four seasons (PCR: χ(2)=11.6066, P=0.0007; LAMP: χ(2)=12.4636, P=0.0004), with a gradual decrease in the prevalence from spring to winter on both analyses. This is the first investigation on soil contamination of public parks in China by T. gondii oocysts. The results indicate that the soil of public parks contaminated with T. gondii oocysts may play a role in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis and effective preventive measures should be considered. Moreover, the conventional PCR and LAMP used in the present study are applicable to detect T. gondii oocysts in soil samples.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒双基因多组合DNA疫苗的构建

本实验根据PRRSV结构蛋白的特性和IFNγ及IL-2这两种细胞因子的特性,构建表达PRRSVGP4-GP5、GP5-M、GP5-N、GP5-IFNγ、GP5-IL-2、N-IFNγ、N-IL-2的重组质粒。这些重组质粒在真核细胞中得到了表达。用这些真核表达质粒可以免疫小猪,通过检测其对猪体免疫应答的诱导能力和接种后动物对PRRSV的抵抗力来对基因疫苗的效能进行研究,以期筛选到有效的基因疫苗并为今后进一步的研究提供思路和理论基础。     

山东省棕榈蓟马田间种群对7种杀虫剂的抗药性

采用叶管药膜法测定了山东省4个蔬菜产区棕榈蓟马对7种杀虫剂的抗药性水平。结果表明,供试药剂毒力由大到小依次为多杀霉素甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐吡虫啉噻虫嗪吡蚜酮高效氯氟氰菊酯辛硫磷;济南、聊城和泰安地区的棕榈蓟马种群对7种药剂基本处于敏感状态,寿光地区的棕榈蓟马对多杀霉素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、吡虫啉和吡蚜酮产生了6.99~10.83倍的低水平抗性。     

日粮添加不同水平蛋氨酸硒对肉牛营养物质代谢的影响

选用4头安装永久瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔阉牛(体重为420kg、年龄2.5岁),采用4×4拉丁方设计,以混合精料和风干玉米秸秆作为基础日粮,研究1.3倍维持需要水平下,日粮添加不同水平蛋氨酸硒(0、0.3、0.6、0.9mg/kg,以干物质为基础)对营养物质代谢的影响。结果表明:0.3和0.6mg/kg组日粮OM、CP、EE、NFE、NDF、ADF表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);0.6和0.9mg/kg组DN、RN和RN/DN显著高于对照组(P<0.05);0.6mg/kg组与对照组相比Se、Ca、P、Cu、Fe、Mn的存留率显著提高,Zn、Mo和S的存留率无显著差异;0.6mg/kg组血清TG、GLU、ALB、TP、ALT、AST、SOD、GSH-px、GSH均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);0.6mg/kg组血清Se、Cu含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。     

温度对造纸施胶效果影响的研究

通过测定不同温度下施胶效果的差异，以及松香胶溶液在不同温度下的稳定性和浆料滤水性能的变化，说明了温度升高施胶度下降的原因，进而提高出采用逆施胶方法解决这一普遍存在于生产中的问题。     

β-激动剂对鸭Ca、Mn、Zn代谢的影响

用芬茗和克仑特罗饲喂肉鸭２１ｄ,二者对鸭生产性能的影响基本一致。此时,鸭血清碱性磷酸酶（ＡＫＰ）活性和肌浆Ｃａ含量明显增高,而血清和肌浆Ｍｎ含量明显减少。在相同日粮条件下,芬茗处理鸭肌浆Ｃａ、Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ含量均高于克仑特罗处理者（Ｃａ、Ｍｎ达到Ｐ＜０．０５）。克仑特罗处理后引起鸭体内Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ元素丢失增加,这可能是畜禽的后肢乏力、跛行和蹄裂的原因之一。     

GA1-2菌株的分离鉴定及其对香蕉尖孢镰刀菌的抑菌效果

为了从土壤中分离筛选对香蕉尖孢镰刀菌具有良好拮抗作用的放线菌,采用平板稀释涂布法从四川省会理县干热河谷小麦根际土壤中进行放线菌分离,并采用平板对峙法和孢子萌发法进行筛选,通过形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特征以及16S r DNA序列分析对筛选菌株进行鉴定。结果表明,从四川省会理县干热河谷小麦根际土壤筛选获得一株对香蕉尖孢镰刀菌4号生理小种Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense race 4(FOC4)菌丝和孢子萌发都有很强抑制作用的菌株GA1-2,对FOC4菌丝和孢子萌发抑制率分别为36.34%和94.81%。菌株GA1-2与薰衣草灰链轮丝菌Streptoverticillium lavenduligriseum的亲缘关系最近,相似率达99.85%,且其形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特征也与薰衣草灰链轮丝菌基本相符,因此将菌株GA1-2初步鉴定为薰衣草灰链轮丝菌。     

应用PAPD方法对鸡败血霉形体DNA多态性的研究

用随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）方法,通过筛选的５个随机引物（ＯＰＨ－０２,ＯＰＨ－０５,ＯＰＨ－０７,ＯＰＨ－１３,ＯＰＧ－１６）,对１４株鸡败血霉形体（ＭＧ）国际标准株和国内分离株进行了ＤＮＡ多态性研究。结果表明,５个引物共产生２１种条带,其中有３个条带分别为２个菌株所特有,扩增产物片段的长度在１５０～４５００ｂｐ之间,所有菌株均有１条共同条带,以ＯＰＨ－０５扩增产物的多态性最丰富。根据样品ＤＮＡ所获得的菌株间相似性指数表明,Ｄ９６０３与Ｄ９６０７相似指数最高,Ｓ６,Ｋ３９１３和Ｄ９６０４三者相互间相似性指数最低。提示ＲＡＰＤ方法可用于霉形体遗传标记的分析。