大花萱草品种染色体倍性鉴定及杂交亲和性研究

利用常规根尖压片法对14个大花萱草品种染色体的数目进行了鉴定,并研究了不同倍性大花萱草间的杂交亲和性。结果表明,摩洛歌之夏、光辉路线等5个品种为二倍体,2n=2x=22;新西兰I为三倍体,2n=3x=33;火绒、新西兰B等8个品种为四倍体,2n=4x=44;萱草相同倍性品种间杂交亲和,不同倍性品种间杂交亲和性较差,难以获得杂种后代。     

龟纹瓢虫对玉米蚜的捕食作用研究

在实验室条件下,测定了不同龄期龟纹瓢虫幼虫及雌雄成虫对玉米蚜的捕食作用.结果表明,龟纹瓢虫对玉米蚜的捕食作用在一定的空间范围内受其自身密度及猎物密度制约,相互间存在干扰.模拟后的各干扰反应方程经x2检验,其理论值与观察值差异不显著.说明龟纹瓢虫对玉米蚜具有很好的捕食控制作用,应注意保护玉米田间龟纹瓢虫.     

农产品自动检测中的常见颜色模型

颜色是表明物体性状的一个重要特征，在计算机视觉技术中有相当广泛的应用。由于颜色本身是一种主观感觉，所以为了将其量化，同时更适合人眼视觉系统，因此产生了各种颜色模型，相关的文献也相当多。为此，总结了目前用于计算机处理的常用颜色模型，将重要模型的计算公式一并列出，以便于在农产品自动检测时能够依据系统来选择一个合适的颜色模型。     

基于GIS的内蒙古自治区植被生态需水量研究

[目地] 分析计算内蒙古自治区不同典型分区的植被生态需水量,为该区域水资源管理和生态保护提供科学建议。[方法] 以Penman-Monteith公式为基础,利用实测与多源遥感数据,对1990—2020年内蒙古自治区4个典型区域（西部地区、中部地区、东部地区、东北部地区）植被生态需水量（ecological water requirement,EWR）和单位面积植被生态需水量（ecological water requirement for vegetation per unit area,ET）进行反演,并分析其时空变化的主导因素。[结果] ①时间上,30 a间EWR呈现先降后升的趋势,就区域总量来看西部地区较为稳定,维持在3.00×10¹⁰ m³左右;中部与东部地区在6.00×10¹⁰ m³左右,变化幅度较大,年间最大变幅超1.00×10¹⁰ m³;东北部地区高,且稳定在1.00×10¹¹ m³左右。②空间上,总体呈现出自西向东逐渐升高的态势且东西差异巨大,东北部区单位面积植被生态需水量（ET）均值较西部地区高近250 mm。[结论] 降水蒸发主导下的气候因素与土地覆盖类型变化主导下的人为因素是内蒙古自治区植被生态需水量变化的关键因素,后者影响程度要大于前者。     

物化法去除糖蜜酒精废水硫酸盐效果及其产气性能的比较

糖蜜酒精废水中高浓度的硫酸盐会抑制生化处理产甲烷性能。该文采用活性炭、Ba Cl2·2H2O、Ca(OH)2及铁碳微电池法对糖蜜酒精废水中的硫酸盐进行预处理,并分析了预处理前后硫酸根及化学需氧量COD的变化,同时,也分析评价了几种方法对产气性能的影响。结果表明:在500.0 g糖蜜酒精废水中加入8.0 g活性炭,硫酸根去除率达80.0%以上,且产气性能相对最好,累计产气率可达437.3 m L/g。在500.0 g糖蜜酒精废水中,根据S元素含量和Ba SO4的分子组成比例,添加70%的化学试剂Ba Cl2·2H2O,能全部去除硫酸根,累计产气率可达483.2 m L/g,产气效果相对最好,同等条件下,添加70%的Ca(OH)2,硫酸根也能全部去除,累计产气率可达436.6 m L/g。铁碳微电池处理的糖蜜酒精废水,能有效抑制硫酸根的影响,并且可以提高废水的可生化性,累计产气率为451.0 m L/g,是对照处理293.1 m L/g的1.5倍。各处理效果的产气性能排序为70%Ba Cl2·2H2O铁碳微电池8.0 g活性炭吸附70%Ca(OH)2对照组。     

Establishment of Chinese soybean Glycine max core collections with agronomic traits and SSR markers

It is very important to efficiently study and use genetic diversity resources in crop breeding and sustainable agriculture. In this study, different sampling methods and sample sizes were compared in order to optimize the strategies for building a rationally sized core collection of Chinese soybean (Glycine max). The diversity in the core collection captured more than 70% of that in the pre-core collection, no matter what sampling methods were used, at a sampling proportion of 1%. Core collections established with both simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker data and agronomic traits were more representative than those chosen on an independent basis. An optimal sampling method for a soybean core collection was determined, in which strategy ‘S’ (allocating accessions to clusters according to the proportion of square root of the original sample size within each ecotype) was used based on SSR and agronomic data. Curve estimation was used to estimate the allelic richness of the entire Chinese soybean germplasm and a minimum sample size for a core collection, on which a sampling proportion of about 2% was determined to be optimal for a core collection. Further analysis on the core collection with fourteen agronomic traits and allelic constitution at 60 SSR loci suggested that it highly represented the entire collections both on genetic structure and diversity distribution. This core collection would provide an effective platform in proper exploitation of soybean germplasm resources for the study of complex traits and discovering important novel traits for crop genetic development.     

不同小麦品种种子萌发期耐盐性的研究

以矮早781、百农3236、矮抗58和温麦8号4个小麦品种为材料,在盐度为0.15%的砂土中进行种子发芽耐盐性试验,测其发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、幼苗苗长和淀粉酶含量,比较这些指标间的差异显著性,评价不同品种耐盐性的差别。结果表明:在小麦种子萌发期,百农3236耐盐性最好,矮早781次之,温麦8号和矮抗58号耐盐性相对较差。     

卵泡刺激素受体基因作为产仔数候选基因的研究

分析了FSHR基因2个位点（FSHRA、FSHRB）的PCR－SSCP、PCR－RFLPs多态性，利用SAS软件分析了多态性与母猪产仔数间连锁关系。找到了1个影响产仔数的新的变异位点FSHRB，该位点多态性显著地影响猪产仔数性状，即基因型BB的产仔数显著地高于AB、AA基因型。结果显示出该位点具有作为常规选育的辅助选择的有效的分子标记潜力。     

Timing, duration, and transitions of the last interglacial Asian monsoon

Thorium-230 ages and oxygen isotope ratios of stalagmites from Dongge Cave, China, characterize the Asian Monsoon and low-latitude precipitation over the past 160,000 years. Numerous abrupt changes in 18O/16O values result from changes in tropical and subtropical precipitation driven by insolation and millennial-scale circulation shifts. The Last Interglacial Monsoon lasted 9.7 +/- 1.1 thousand years, beginning with an abrupt (less than 200 years) drop in 18O/16O values 129.3 +/- 0.9 thousand years ago and ending with an abrupt (less than 300 years) rise in 18O/16O values 119.6 +/- 0.6 thousand years ago. The start coincides with insolation rise and measures of full interglacial conditions, indicating that insolation triggered the final rise to full interglacial conditions.