Atmospheric humidity and genotype are key determinants of the diurnal stomatal conductance pattern

Great understanding of the genotypic difference in diurnal stomatal conductance (g_s) pattern and the key determinants of the pattern is important for saving water by adopting cultivars appropriately. Fifteen wheat genotypes were studied under different soil conditions and various meteorological conditions with pot cultivation in rain shelter for two years. Genotype and air humidity were found to be key determinants of diurnal g_s pattern. All genotypes under low relative humidity (LRH) and most genotypes under high relative humidity (HRH) displayed a gradual decline pattern from morning through the afternoon. Under moderate relative humidity (MRH), all genotypes present a single-peak curve pattern, but they differed in peak time, which may lead to unreliable g_s comparison between genotypes and get ostensible contrasting materials. The stomatal conductance was significantly different among genotypes under LRH and the increased g_s magnitude is also significantly different when it was compared between LRH and HRH. The present results provide new thinking for selecting and adopting appropriate cultivars with specific stomata traits for the area with various meteorological conditions.     

静电场对三角梅插穗生根及几种生理生化指标的影响

在三角梅种苗智能化快繁中,设置0、30、60、90 kV/cm四种静电场处理,探讨对三角梅插穗生根及生理生化指标的影响。结果表明:三角梅插穗生根期间,在0～60 kV/cm静电场范围内插穗的成活率、根系活力、根鲜重、可溶性糖含量、POD酶活性随着电场强度的增强而提高,其中在不定根诱导期插穗的吲哚乙酸氧化酶活性也随着电场强度的增强而提高。90 kV/cm静电场处理插穗的成活率、根系活力、可溶性糖含量、POD酶活性、吲哚乙酸氧化酶活性反而下降;30～90 kV/cm静电场处理插穗的可溶性蛋白含量均高于对照,且随着电场强度的增强而增加。方差分析表明,60 kV/cm静电场处理生物学效应好,其成活率、根系活力、根鲜重均显著高于对照,是三角梅插穗生根的最佳静电场处理;90 kV/cm电场处理不利于三角梅插穗生根及生理生化代谢,说明了静电场对三角梅插穗生根及生理生化的影响存在着电场极限。     

Early response of stand structure and species diversity to strip-clearcut in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Okinawa Island, Japan

Natural regeneration by strip-clearcut has rarely been used for restocking of evergreen broad-leaved forests in the East Asia. To contribute to a better understanding of the likely reasons for either the successful recovery of these forests or failure, the early response of stand structure and tree species diversity to strip-clearcut were studied in Okinawa Island, southwest Japan. The 4,000 m² study area was divided into 10 adjacent sections of equal area with a 10 m × 10 m sampling plot in the center, of which five sections were strip-clearcut while the remaining five sections uncut. Eight-year secondary succession following strip-clearcut showed that the density of woody stems, tree species diversity increased significantly not only in the regenerating stands but also in the residual stands compared to the primary stands. The primary dominant target species, Castanopsis sieboldii, continued to dominate both the regenerating and residual stands although colonizing species invaded abundantly in the stands, occupying approximately one-third of total tree species in each treatment. The community similarity analyses showed that the species composition were similar between the primary stands and the regenerating stands or residual stands reflected the high similarity amongst the primary stands and the regenerating stands or the residual stands. The similar stand structure, high tree species diversity and greater community similarity after strip-clearcut provided no evidence of forest degeneration, suggesting that the regenerating stand might gradually develop into stand similar to that prior to strip-clearcut.     

Three novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms of MBL1 gene in Chinese native cattle and their associations with milk performance traits

Mannan-binding lectin (MBL), a pattern recognizing serum protein, participates in the innate immune system of mammals as an opsonin. In humans, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MBL2 gene were found to cause various innate immune dysfunctions. In the present study, we discovered three single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the MBL1 gene in Chinese native cattle and analyzed their associations with milk traits. By screening the genetic variation of MBL1 in 1053 individuals of three Chinese native cattle breeds including China Holstein, Luxi Yellow and Bohai Black using created restriction site–polymerase chain reaction (CRS–PCR), PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) and DNA sequencing techniques, three new SNPs, g.855G>A, g.2651G>A and g.2686T>C, were found to have allele frequencies of 0–12.65%, 24.07–42.39% and 56.95–73.68%, respectively. While SNP g.855G>A is located within intron ?, the other two SNPs reside in the exon II region with one mutation being non-synonymous (GTT (Val) > ATT (Ile)) and the other synonymous (GCT (Ala) > GCC (Ala)). Among the 596 Chinese Holstein cattle with at least 3 lactation Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) records, eight different haplotypes and 19 genotype combinations were detected. Statistical analyses revealed no correlation between either g.855G>A or g.2686T>C and somatic cell score (SCS), however significant association was found between g.2651G>A and SCS, suggesting a possible role of this SNP in the host response against mastitis. Our data also suggested that the combined genotypes of GGC/AAC with the lowest SCS, AAT/AAT with the highest protein content and AGC/AGC with the highest 305-d milk yield were favorable combinations for mastitis resistance and milk production traits. Therefore, GGC/AAC, AAT/AAT and AGC/AGC can be used as possible candidates for marker-assisted selection in the dairy cattle breeding program.     

施硅对白菜地上部吸收重金属镉的抑制效应

采用土培盆栽试验,研究了施硅对抑制白菜吸收外源重金属镉的效应,结果表明:在试验条件下,土壤施硅有利于黑叶白菜增强抗重金属镉胁迫的能力,显著地提高白菜地上部的生物量,白菜生物量随施硅水平提高而递增;显著地提高了土壤pH值和有效硅含量;显著地降低较高外源镉浓度(0.6,0.9mg/kg)处理的土壤有效镉含量;显著地减少在土壤较高外源镉浓度(0.6,0.9mg/kg)污染下的白菜地上部对镉的吸收与累积,有效地降低了白菜地上部重金属镉的浓度和吸收总量。可见,施适量的硅(1.0g/kg)可有效减轻白菜重金属镉污染毒害。     

坡面材小蠹卵的饲养技术初探

梅州局在 1996年 6月从市某家具厂进口的印度尼西亚松木板上检出坡面材小蠹Ｘｙｌｅ ｂｏｒｕｓｉｎｔｅｒｊｅｃｔｕｓＢｌａｎｄｆｏｒｄ成虫。 1998年 5月对该厂从印度尼西亚进口的木板实施检疫时 ,发现 1长条木板上有很多长 3～ 6ｃｍ的坑道 ,经仔细检查 ,发现有 14粒长约     

细菌性条斑病稻种带菌快速检测方法研究

 建立15株分泌抗水稻细菌性条斑病(RBLS)特异性单克隆抗体(McAb)的杂交瘤细胞。对RBLS病菌呈阳性反应,与植物病原细菌5个属的其它检测菌株均无交叉反应。以酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)间接法对30份人工接种稻种进行检测,28份呈阳性反应,检出阳性率达93.3%;对46份病田稻种进行检测,36份呈阳性反应,10份呈阴性反应。取检测为阳性反应中的11份病田稻种的浸出液接种稻苗,有7份发病;而10份检测阴性反应的病田稻种浸出液的接种稻苗均无发病。该检测法灵敏度为0.0125-0.00125mg/ml(蛋白浓度)。     

进境美国苹果果实中黑斑病病原的初步鉴定

从美国进境苹果中截获的链格孢Alternaria sp．，经分离纯化后，得到菌株（MP1），通过观察其产孢表型、孢子的形态特征以及接种试验后的病果症状，初步确定为苹果黑斑病菌Alternaria mali Roberts。     

巴氏新小绥螨和尼氏真绥螨的耐饥能力及饥饿对二者捕食朱砂叶螨功能的影响

试验温度25℃条件下,室内测定我国农作物害虫的常用生物防治剂—巴氏新小绥螨Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes和尼氏真绥螨Euseius nicholsi Ehara et Lee的耐饥能力,以及定量分析不同饥饿程度对两种捕食螨捕食朱砂叶螨的功能反应和捕食速度的影响。研究结果表明：两种捕食螨各螨态的耐饥时间与发育历期呈显著正相关（P﹤0.05）。各螨态的阶段存活率与存活时间之间的关系均可用二次抛物线拟合。根据饥饿半致死和致死时间（T50和T95）,巴氏新小绥螨的耐饥能力明显强于尼氏真绥螨。除巴氏新小绥螨雌成螨的耐饥性存活曲线呈拱形外,两种捕食螨其它螨态的耐饥性存活曲线均呈凹形。不同饥饿程度的两种捕食螨雌成螨捕食朱砂叶螨若螨的功能反应均为HollingⅡ型,饥饿程度不能改变它们的捕食功能反应类型,但可使功能反应模型的各参数值发生较大改变。饥饿24 h的巴氏新小绥螨和尼氏真绥螨雌成螨对朱砂叶螨若螨的捕食作用主要集中在取食的前8 h阶段,而未经饥饿处理的两种捕食螨雌成螨在开始捕食的24 h内各阶段的捕食速度变化不大。因此,饥饿处理对两种捕食螨雌成螨的捕食作用有明显影响。     

柑橘裂皮类病毒广东分离物YC全长cDNA序列克隆及分析

柑橘裂皮类病毒(Citrus exocortis viroid, CEVd)是危害柑橘的重要病原之一,认清该类病毒的分子特性是进一步研究其致病机制的前提.本文利用RT-PCR技术对广东分离物YC的全长cDNA序列进行了扩增、克隆,获得了全长372bp的片段,对该片段进行测序及分析显示:CEVd广东分离物YC的分子结构域包括5个功能区即左手末端区(TL)、致病区(P)、中央保守区(C)、可变区(V)和右手末端区(TR).通过与GenBank已登陆序列的比对分析发现:与来自西班牙的分离物CEVd-f-1(登陆号:EF494677.1)的同源性高达98%;与湖北分离物CEVd-HB(登陆号:AY456136)的同源性仅为92.7%;与强度株系CEVd-A(登陆号:M30868)的同源性为96.8%,与弱毒株系CEVd-de26(登陆号:K00965)的92.4%.说明该广东分离物YC分子特性更接近强毒株系.这是国内首次对柑橘裂皮类病毒cDNA的分子特性进行报道.