校企合作实践教育基地人才培养模式探索——以农业水利工程专业校企合作实践教育基地为例

安徽农业大学农业水利工程专业与安徽省水利科学研究院共建校企合作实践教育基地,通过建立协调育人机制,深化教育教学改革,推动教学与科研紧密结合、学校与社会密切合作,促进大学生在科学研究中学习、在社会实践中学习,提高大学生解决实际问题的实践能力和创新创业能力。通过加强内涵建设、成果共享与示范引领,在促进新工科、新农科建设,培养德智体美劳全面发展的高质量人才方面取得了一系列实践成果。     

Exploring the effectiveness of in ovo feeding of vitamin C based on the embryonic vitamin C synthesis and absorption in broiler chickensOA

Background: Many researches about in ovo feeding(IOF) of vitamin C(VC) are gradually carried out to explore physiological development in chicken, but little studies focus on VC synthesis capacity of the embryo itself, the selection of injection site and the effectiveness of IOF of VC. This study aims to explore the above problems.Results: Kidney and yolk sac were the main organs for VC synthesis and L-gulonolactone oxidase(GLO) expression was lower during pre-hatch development than that during p...     

Nutrient Seepage from Operating Turkey Buildings with a Litter System

The effect of selected nutrient amendments and temperature on the biodegradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) within a soil biopile was studied on a laboratory scale. This was accomplished by monitoring microbial populations, the concentration of PCP and the release of inorganic chloride ions in the contaminated soil. It was found that temperatures of 10, 15 and 20 °C had no significant effect on microbial populations and the percentage of PCP remaining in the soil. However, the nutrient amendments did have a significant effect on the parameters measured. The dairy manure, ammonium nitrate fertilizer and control treatments all experienced some fluctuations in the amount of PCP remaining in the soil over the incubation period and may have been due to the release of initially unextractable bound residues. PCP decreased by 76% in the municipal solid waste compost amended soil, while the concentration of inorganic chloride ions increased. The municipal solid waste compost treatment had significantly higher bacterial and fungal populations. Based on the results of this study municipal solid waste compost may be used as an effective supplemental nutrient amendment for the degradation of PCP in soil biopiles.     

基于多目标粒子群的土地整理项目选址模型

土地整理项目选址实质上是一个多目标空间优化问题,将传统选址方法用于解决多目标土地整理项目选址存在明显不足。该文提出了一种基于多目标粒子群的土地整理项目选址模型,归纳了土地整理项目选址的选址规则,提取3个能够体现土地整理项目选址目的及意义的目标函数,即新增耕地潜力最高、空间分区集中连片、土地适宜性评价指数最高,同时考虑了土地整理项目最小新增耕地率、实施规模2类约束条件,并详细阐述了算法的核心思想、矢量编码策略、状态更新机制等内容,最后选取湖北省嘉鱼县为试验区,验证了模型的可行性和有效性,结果表明通过对目标的权重调控可以得到不同目标偏好的土地整理项目选址方案,该文所构建模型在土地整理实践中具有可操作性,提供的选址方案科学合理,为土地利用规划和土地利用调控管理提供支持。     

基于半方差函数与等别的耕地质量监测样点优化布设方法

耕地的数量和质量在维护国家安全、社会稳定方面具有举足轻重的作用。该文以浙江省耕地质量监测试点松阳县为例,探讨县级尺度的耕地质量监测样点的布设方法。选择自然等指数的均方差和绝对偏差计算在允许误差范围内监测样点的样本容量;采用地统计学半方差函数分析耕地质量的变异情况,利用自然等指数的变异特征与规律实现监测样点的预布设;重点分析耕地质量等别、分等因素、耕地质量潜在变化区域的空间分布,结合等别组合的空间分布特征对预布设的监测样点进行优化,得到40个监测样点。研究成果提高了监测样点的精度、代表性、科学性,方法易操作推广,具有很好的应用价值,能为耕地质量监测的管理工作提供参考。     

Binding of 2-nonanone and milk proteins in aqueous model systems

Interactions of the model flavor compound 2-nonanone with individual milk proteins, whey protein isolate (WPI), and sodium caseinate in aqueous solutions were investigated. A method to quantify the free 2-nonanone was developed using headspace solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Binding constants (K) and numbers of binding sites (n) for 2-nonanone on the individual proteins were calculated. The 2-nonanone binding capacities decreased in the order bovine serum albumin > beta-lactoglobulin > alpha-lactalbumin > alpha s1-casein > beta-casein, and the binding to WPI was stronger than the binding to sodium caseinate. All proteins appeared to have one binding site for 2-nonanone per molecule of protein at the flavor concentrations investigated, except for bovine serum albumin, which possessed two classes of binding sites. The binding mechanism is believed to involve predominantly hydrophobic interactions.     

Peptides isolated from in vitro digests of milk enhance iron uptake by caco-2 cells

Milk proteins, during digestion, produce a range of biologically active peptides. Among those are peptides that may enhance iron absorption. The objective of this project was to investigate the effect of isolated milk peptides on iron uptake. Cow's milk, 0% fat, was subjected to a modified in vitro digestion process. The milk digest was further fractionated by gel filtration. All eluted fractions as well as beta-casein synthetic peptides (a tripeptide and a hexapeptide) were subsequently tested for effects on iron uptake with Caco-2 cell monolayers. Fractions of milk digests obtained through Sephadex G-25 gel filtration had a significant enhancing effect on iron uptake in Caco-2 cells compared to nonfractionated milk digests. Two fractions (P = 0) and the hexapeptide (P < 0.0001) enhanced iron uptake by up to 3-fold, whereas others and the tripeptide had no effect. These results suggest that selected peptides produced during the in vitro digestion of milk may enhance iron absorption; however, it remains to be demonstrated whether this effect may be nutritionally significant.     

基于植被覆盖率的农村居民点整理潜力估算及实证

为合理估算农村居民点整理潜力,该文提出基于植被覆盖率的农村居民点整理潜力测算新思路。借助植被覆盖率对农村居民点斑块进行分类,通过分析抽样农村居民点斑块的植被覆盖与内部用地结构得到整理潜力修正系数,从而建立基于植被覆盖率修正的农村居民点整理潜力估算模型,并以北京市门头沟区为例展开实证研究。研究结果表明,门头沟区无整理潜力的农村居民点占大多数,具有整理潜力的农村居民点主要集中在经济相对落后的乡镇,并且这部分农村居民点多远离主干道;山区具有中、高整理潜力的农村居民点略多于平原、浅山区,而低整理潜力的农村居民点明显多于平原、浅山区;门头沟区规划整理的农村居民点内部包含有大量农用地,其中建设用地比例只占63.19%～71.54%,但是,第二次土地调查将整个农村居民点都作为建设用地调绘;因而,一些不考虑植被覆盖修正的农村居民点整理潜力测算方法夸大了整理潜力,放大了城乡建设用地增减挂钩的效果。该文为进一步合理估算农村居民点整理理论潜力提供参考。     

茶树油清除豇豆农药残留的效果

为研究茶树油清除果蔬农药残留的效果,该试验选取豇豆为供试材料,以不同浓度的茶树油和水溶性茶树油等清洗处理,利用气相色谱和气相色谱-质谱联用检测豇豆内有机磷类、拟除虫菊酯类和氨基甲酸酯类的农药残留量,计算农药清除率。供试7种农药中,水胺硫磷、马拉硫磷、氧乐果、三唑磷、毒死蜱、氯氰菊酯和速灭威在豇豆中的初始浓度分别为:20.395、1.690、6.524、10.719、0.160、12.104和23.057mg/kg。茶树油处理后检测结果表明,茶树油具有清除残留在豇豆中农药的能力,清除效果随茶树油浓度增加而增强;清除有机磷类农药效果较拟除虫菊酯类和氨基甲酸酯类农药明显。茶树油比去离子水、市售果蔬农残清洗剂清除农药残留效果显著,同时,相同浓度的水溶性茶树油比相应茶树油清除农药残留能力强。0.8%水溶性茶树油清除效果最佳,清除率分别为水胺硫磷80.48%,马拉硫磷94.54%,三唑磷82.79%,毒死蜱84.58%,氧乐果72.20%,氯氰菊酯80.51%,速灭威72.21%。通过研究结果可知,茶树油可作为有开发前景的果蔬清除剂。     

便携式作物生长监测诊断仪的设计与试验

为了解决当前作物生长信息实时、快速、无损测量手段瓶颈问题,研发了一种基于多光谱传感器的便携式作物生长监测诊断仪。该仪器由多光谱传感器系统、处理器系统及附属机构组成,能实时无损地获取作物叶层氮含量、叶层氮积累量、叶面积指数、生物量等主要生长指标。对水稻的试验结果表明,便携式作物生长监测诊断仪测得的DVI值与水稻叶层氮含量、氮积累量、叶面积指数、叶干重的决定系数R2分别为0.711,0.8231,0.7698,0.7212。该仪器结构简单,集成度高,性价比好,携带方便,易于田间操作。