肉仔鸡低血糖-尖峰死亡综合征的流行病学分析和病原初探

自2003年6月份以来，在我国北方肉鸡饲养基地普遍流行了一种主要侵害肉仔鸡的疾病，低血糖-尖峰死亡综合征(HSMS)。HSMS发病日龄集中于10～18日龄．临床表现为突然出现的高死亡率，病鸡头部震颤、运动失调、昏迷、失明、死亡。先后对黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、天津、河北、山东等省进行调查．发现HSMS在这几个省的很多肉鸡饲养区广泛存在。对发生该病的259个肉鸡饲养户的调查结果显示．该病与祖代种鸡没有关系．病原可能来自受污染的父母代种鸡场。平均发病率为17．9％。发病鸡群血糖浓度极显著的下降。从2个发病鸡群的病鸡肠道内容物中观察到病毒颗粒．病毒呈多形性．有囊膜，直径约80-100nm，表面有棒状纤突，长约10-20nm．与冠状病毒类似。     

草鱼呼肠孤病毒生长特性研究

以草鱼呼肠孤病毒(GCRV)873毒株为试验材料,建立了GCRV荧光定量PCR检测方法;用GCRV873株感染CIK细胞及草鱼,通过对病毒RNA复制水平、子代病毒含量以及细胞病变等情况进行监测,研究其在CIK细胞及草鱼体内的生长特性。在CIK细胞中,GCRV感染后12 h即可检测到子代病毒,36 h时,所有细胞被感染;72 h时,病毒滴度达到最高,为10~(6.75) TCID_(50)/mL。在草鱼的肝、脾、肾中,均能检测到GCRV RNA,其中肾脏中含量最高,其次是肝脏,脾脏中最少。本试验为研究GCRV致病机理及制备细胞灭活疫苗奠定了试验基础。     

基于CRISPR序列的肠道沙门氏菌分离株CSST分型

为验证一种新的CRISPR分型方法——CSST分型方法分型沙门氏菌的可行性,分别采用传统CRISPR与CSST两种分型方法,对20株临床肠道沙门氏菌分离株进行分型.结果显示:CSST分型方法同传统CRISPR分型方法分型沙门氏菌的结果完全一致,均将20株临床肠道沙门氏菌菌株分成了15种亚型,其中CR4/CT4和CR9/...     

漏缝地板发酵床对育肥羊养殖气体排放的影响及微生物学机理

为明确漏缝地板发酵床对育肥羊养殖过程氨(NH₃)和温室气体排放特征的影响机制,本研究设置地面和漏缝地板发酵床两个试验处理,测定分析了育肥羊养殖过程NH₃、氧化亚氮(N₂O)、二氧化碳(CO₂)和甲烷(CH₄)的排放特征,并采用宏基因组学解析了影响上述气体排放的微生物学机理。试验结果表明,与地面相比,漏缝地板发酵床能够显著降低育肥羊养殖过程的NH₃排放(P<0.05),其NH₃排放速率为21.64～58.92 mg·m^-2·h^-1,NH₃累积排放量为86.36±1.06 g·m^-2,减排率达58.60%。漏缝地板发酵床同样也能显著降低育肥羊养殖过程的CH₄排放速率(P<0.05),其CH₄累积排放量为26.66 g·m^-2,减排率可达64.42%。然而,漏缝地板发酵床会使得...     

Taxonomic and Bioactivity Characterizations of Mameliella alba Strain LZ-28 Isolated from Highly Toxic Marine Dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella LZT09

Microalgae host varied microbial consortium harboring cross-kingdom interactions with fundamental ecological significance in aquatic ecosystems. Revealing the complex biofunctions of the cultivable bacteria of phycosphere microbiota is one vital basis for deeply understanding the mechanisms governing these dynamic associations. In this study, a new light-yellow pigmented bacterial strain LZ-28 was isolated from the highly-toxic and harmful algal bloom-forming dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella LZT09. Collective phenotypic and genotypic profiles were obtained to confidently identify this strain as a new Mameliella alba member. Comparative genomic analysis showed that strain LZ-28 shared highly similar functional features with other four marine algae-derived M. alba strains in spite of their distinctive isolation sources. Based on the bioactivity assaying, the mutual growth-promoting effects between bacterial strain LZ-28 and algal strain LZT09 were observed. After the culture conditions were optimized, strain LZ-28 demonstrated an extraordinary production ability for its bioflocculanting exopolysaccharides (EPS). Moreover, the portions of two monosaccharides glucose and fucose of the EPS were found to positively contribute to the bioflocculanting capacity. Therefore, the present study sheds light on the similar genomic features among the selected M. alba strains, and it also reveals the potential pharmaceutical, environmental and biotechnological implications of active EPS produced by this new Mameliella alba strain LZ-28 recovered from toxic bloom-forming marine dinoflagellate.     

水稻田间育秧水肥药变量喷灌装置设计与试验

为解决南方水稻工厂化田间育秧水肥药人工管理作业中存在的灌溉均匀性差、化肥和农药浪费以及劳动强度大等问题,该研究设计了一种水稻田间育秧水肥药变量喷灌装置,阐述了水肥药变量喷灌装置总体结构和工作原理,进行了关键部件设计与试验;以可编程逻辑控制器（programmable logic controller,PLC）为控制核心,构建了注肥量在线调控及整机变量喷灌控制系统。采用Box-Behnken试验设计方法,对装置喷灌均匀性与主要影响因素进行试验研究,应用单目标优化方法对喷灌关键参数进行优化,并通过验证试验,得到最优参数组合为：干管入口水压0.20 MPa、球阀开度90°、喷头喷角80°,此时装置的喷灌均匀性为92.69%;构建了氯化钾肥液质量浓度与电导率（electrical conductance,EC）值的线性模型,开展了装置变量灌溉施肥性能试验,3种喷灌等级下各作业区的肥液EC值分别为1.65、1.66和1.68 mS/cm,平均喷灌强度分别为900.85、1092.04和1263.67 mm/h,施肥均匀系数分别为85.21%、87.86%和91.62%。采用水肥药变量喷灌装置开展水稻育秧田间管理试验,华航51常规稻和广8优165杂交稻的秧苗长势均匀度均高于95%,成毯性良好,各项素质指标满足机插作业要求。所设计的水肥药变量喷灌装置能够满足水稻田间育秧水肥药变量喷灌作业要求,对提高水稻工厂化田间育秧机械化水平、保证秧苗质量具有实际应用价值。     

赖氨酸硫酸盐相对于赖氨酸盐酸盐的生物学效价评定

本文旨在通过对肉仔鸡生长性能、氮平衡和血浆尿素氮指标来比较赖氨酸硫酸盐相对于赖氨酸盐酸盐的生物学效价,以便为赖氨酸硫酸盐在肉鸡中的合理应用提供科学的理论依据。选用486只1日龄爱拔益加肉公鸡评定赖氨酸硫酸盐相对于赖氨酸盐酸盐的生物学效价。鸡只预饲3d,第4天按体重随机分为9个处理,每个处理9个重复,每个重复6只鸡。分别通过赖氨酸硫酸盐或赖氨酸盐酸盐向玉米-玉米蛋白粉-花生粕-麦麸型基础日粮中添加0.09%、0.18%、0.27%和0.36%的赖氨酸。结果表明,4～21d赖氨酸硫酸盐相对赖氨酸盐酸盐的效价分别为:0.93(日增重)、0.86(饲料转化效率)和0.95(氮存留);22～42d赖氨酸硫酸盐相对赖氨酸盐酸盐的效价分别为:1.01(日增重)、1.36(饲料转化效率)和1.06(氮存留);对于生长全期,赖氨酸硫酸盐相对于赖氨酸盐酸盐的生物学效价分别为:0.99(日增重)、1.07(饲料转化效率)和1.03(血浆尿素氮)。可见,由不同指标得到的赖氨酸硫酸盐相对赖氨酸盐酸盐的生物学效价不同,但总的平均相对效价为1.03。即两者对肉鸡的生物学效价相当。     

杂草稻nrDNA ITS片段的PCR扩增条件优化及测定

对杂草稻的nrDNA ITS片段的PCR扩增条件进行了优化并测定,建立的PCR最优体系为：20μL反应体系含1μL模板DNA,0．125mmoL／L dNTPs,0．5μmol／L正反向引物,1U Taq酶,2．0μL 10&#215;Taq PCR Bufter;退火温度为57℃。这样的条件下充分保证了ITS PCR产物的质量和纯度要求,直接测序结果为600bp左右,与网上结果十分类似,表明结果准确可靠。这些ITS片段的系统学信息将为杂草稻的起源进化提供有力的分子水平证据。     

Identification of a conservative site in the African swine fever virus p54 protein and its preliminary application in a serological assay

BackgroundASF was first reported in Kenya in 1910 in 1921. In China, ASF spread to 31 provinces including Henan and Jiangsu within six months after it was first reported on August 3, 2018. The epidemic almost affected the whole China, causing direct economic losses of tens of billions of yuan. Cause great loss to our pig industry. As ELISA is cheap and easy to operate, OIE regards it as the preferred serological method for ASF detection. P54 protein has good antigenicity and is an ideal antigen for detection.ObjectiveTo identify a conservative site in the African swine fever virus (ASFV) p54 protein and perform a Cloth-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting the ASFV antibody in order to reduce risks posed by using the live virus in diagnostic assays.MethodWe used bioinformatics methods to predict the antigen epitope of the ASFV p54 protein in combination with the antigenic index and artificially synthesized the predicted antigen epitope peptides. Using ASFV-positive serum and specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), we performed indirect ELISA and blocking ELISA to verify the immunological properties of the predicted epitope polypeptide.ResultsThe results of our prediction revealed that the possible antigen epitope regions were A23–29, A36–45, A72–94, A114–120, A124–130, and A137–150. The indirect ELISA showed that the peptides A23–29, A36–45, A72–94, A114–120, and A137–150 have good antigenicity. Moreover, the A36–45 polypeptide can react specifically with the mAb secreted by hybridoma cells, and its binding site contains a minimum number of essential amino acids in the sequence 37DIQFINPY44.ConclusionsOur study confirmed a conservative antigenic site in the ASFV p54 protein and its amino acid sequence. A competitive ELISA method for detecting ASFV antibodies was established based on recombinant p54 and matching mAb. Moreover, testing the protein sequence alignment verified that the method can theoretically detect antibodies produced by pigs affected by nearly all ASFVs worldwide.     

喷锌对蕹菜锌含量及产量的影响

不同喷施浓度及喷施次数对蕹菜产量及茎叶锌含量的影响结果表明：喷施０．０５％及０．１％的硫酸锌液均能提高蕹菜的产量,但以０．０５％的处理对产量的提高作用最明显,浓度超过０．１％时,对蕹菜生长有抑制作用提高喷锌浓度,蕹菜锌含量的增加为叶片大于茎;喷施１～２次,有明显的增产效果,喷施超过２次反而减产;随着喷施次数的增加,蕹菜锌含量也增加。