GDNF对海仁酸损伤体外培养新生大鼠背根神经节神经元的影响

N1无血清培养基原代分离培养新生大鼠背根神经节（dorsal root ganglion DRG)神经元，用兴奋性毒素海仁酸（kainic acidKA)损伤体外培养细胞后，加入胶质源性神经营养因子（glial-derived neurotrophic factor,GDNF)作用。最后通过MTT法检测，细胞总蛋白测定，胎盘兰染色计数，形态学观察等方法研究分析GDNF对兴奋性毒素海仁酸损伤后大鼠DRG神经元的活性，存活及突起生长的影响，结果表明：GDNF对体外正常生长的DRG神经元的存活，活性及突起生长没有明显的促进作用。而在海仁酸损伤后，GDNF对其存活和活性有明显的促进作用。但对突起生长没有明显的影响。     

高山草地的光谱反射特征及其估产模型

对祁连山东段高山草地中５种植物群落的光谱反射特征进行了测试研究。结果表明：１）草本植物和灌木种群的光谱反射率在可见光波段上无显著差异，但在近红外波段存在显著差异；２）土壤背景和测试仪器高度对群落的光谱反射产生显著影响；３）植物生长盛期，可用近红外波段的反射差异来区分草地植物群落的空间分布：４）草地植物群落的地上植物量与几种变换的植被指数呈显著或极显著的非线性相关。     

浅谈假冒“涮羊肉片”的感官鉴别方法以及屡禁不止的原因和监管的法律依据

<正>市场上的假冒"涮羊肉片"屡见不鲜,且日益猖獗,目前假冒"涮羊肉片"的品种也越来越多,有用牛肉、猪肉、鸭胸肉冒充涮羊肉的,还有用牛肉和鸭胸肉混合、羊肉或羊油和鸭胸肉混合冒充涮羊肉的,     

温度影响下斑潜蝇种间竞争取代的分子机制研究进展

斑潜蝇是一类为害园艺蔬菜作物的世界性害虫,也是我国重要的外来有害生物。斑潜蝇种类繁多,不断向世界各地入侵扩散,在其扩散过程中种间竞争取代频繁。斑潜蝇种间竞争取代机制复杂,影响种间竞争取代的因子很多,其中温度是影响斑潜蝇种间竞争取代的重要因子。该文首先以温度影响下斑潜蝇种间竞争生态学机制为切入点,分别从关键胁迫耐受性基因——热激蛋白(heat shock protein,Hsp)基因的表达、Hsp基因非编码区的特征和转录组比较分析3个层面对近缘斑潜蝇竞争取代分子机制进行总结与探讨,并从胁迫耐受性基因类型、分子生物学研究方法及种间竞争其他因子等方面对斑潜蝇种间竞争取代未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

Identification of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium</Emphasis> species associated with soybean root rot in Sichuan Province,China

Soybean root rot is a worldwide soil-borne fungal disease threatening soybean production, causing large loss in yield and quality of soybean. Fusarium species are well recognized as the important causal agent of Fusarium root rot, which are often distinct with respect to various factors in different soybean-producing regions around the world. Recently, Fusarium root rot has been frequently reported in Sichuan Province of China, where is unique in its climate and diverse cropping patterns, but it is still unclear about the predominant Fusarium species and their pathogenicity on soybean. In this study, diseased soybean roots were collected from three regions of Sichuan Province during 2014–2015. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene, 78 isolates of Fusarium were identified as nine distinct species. Pathogenicity tests showed that seven species of Fusarium were able to infect soybean, but differed in pathogenicity. F. oxysporum, F. equiseti and F. graminearum were the most aggressive species to soybean, whereas F. fujikuroi and F. verticillioides were not pathogenic to soybean. There was a strong positive correlation of the pathogenicity of Fusarium species with seedling emergence and fresh root weight. In addition, the diversity of Fusarium species varied among soybean-growing regions. To our knowledge, this report on population and pathogenicity of Fusarium species, in particular, F. graminearum, associated with soybean root rot in Sichuan Province of southwest China, will be helpful to provide effective control strategies for the disease.     

安徽沿江地区油麦后直播棉的品种选用策略

在目前安徽沿江地区不能实现棉花机采的情况下,提出了"植株高度既适于机采也适于人工采收,含絮力适中(不易落花便于集中采收),生育期适中(播种到采收为180天左右),纤维品质及产量性状较优(纤维长度30.0 mm以上,断裂比强度30.0 cN/tex以上,马克隆值5.0以下,籽棉产量3750 kg/hm2以上,衣分在40％...     

寄生蜂对水稻二化螟生态控害功能的研究与应用

二化螟是我国水稻的重要钻蛀性害虫,常年发生危害严重,给水稻生产带来巨大产量损失。寄生蜂是二化螟重要的生态调节因子和生物防控天敌资源,对田间二化螟的种群数量具有明显的自然控制作用。本文主要就二化螟寄生蜂多样性及其影响因素、二化螟卵寄生蜂和幼虫寄生蜂生态控害功能及优势种利用、二化螟幼虫越冬滞育期间寄生蜂对越冬幼虫种群基数的控制和寄生蜂生态控害功能的评估等方面的研究与应用进行综述,并探讨寄生蜂对二化螟生态控害功能的评估,尝试提出二化螟寄生蜂生态控害功能研究应在越冬代重视二化螟盘绒茧蜂、稻螟小腹茧蜂和中华钝唇姬蜂对越冬滞育幼虫的生态控害潜力、非越冬世代则重点发掘稻螟赤眼蜂、螟黄赤眼蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂等卵期优势寄生蜂以降低田间二化螟卵的孵化率、减轻二化螟幼虫为害率,以期为提升寄生蜂的生态控害功能提供参考。     

白鲢出血病病原菌的鉴定

从患出血病的白鲢体内分离出两株细菌(编号为水_1、水_2),分别感染健康白鲢,人工复制白鲢出血病获得成功。对这两株细菌进行形态、营养需求、生长特性、以及生化反应等观察,作者认为,水_1菌为产碱假单胞菌(Pseudomonas alcaligenes);水_2菌为嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)。前者隶属于假单胞菌科(Pseudomonaceae),后者隶属于孤菌科(Vibrionaceae)。     

Technical efficiency of different farm sizes for tilapia farming in China

China is the world's largest tilapia producer. This study uses the stochastic frontier function in the Cobb–Douglas model to evaluate a production frontier for tilapia aquaculture and analyses the relationship between farm size and production efficiency in China. A random sample of 300 tilapia farmers was surveyed in the main tilapia‐producing areas to study their economic efficiencies. The percentage distribution of tilapia farm technical efficiency was determined, with an average efficiency of 79%, which showed that the sample tilapia farmers operate at 21% below the production frontier and hence that they still have a chance to achieve targeted yields. The technical efficiencies of two categories (≤1 ha and >1 ha) were 78.82% and 79.27% respectively. A second‐stage analysis investigated the relationship between farm size and technical efficiency and showed a positive relationship between farm size and production efficiency based on the ordinary least‐squares model. The optimal farm size was found to be 7.50 ha. This study proposes strategies such as enlarging the farming scale moderately, thereby achieving the advantage of economies of scale, and enhancing the competitiveness of the tilapia industry in China.     

2008—2012年贵州省棉花种质资源调查

对贵州省南部山区进行多年的棉花种质资源搜集和调查,实地走访了23个县（市）,超过200个村（镇）,共搜集到棉花种质资源155份,包括45份亚洲棉和110份陆地棉。经过室内种子筛选和田间调查发现,贵州棉花种质资源表型多样性丰富,陆地棉种质资源中存在大量的退化陆地棉。这些地方品种对拓展陆地棉遗传多样性具有重要的意义。此外,结合调查对贵州棉花种质资源的分布和形势进行了探讨。