微生物复合酵素在猪场生产中的应用试验

为了探讨丰力旺酵素在猪场生产中的应用实际效果,本试验选40日龄健康仔猪40头,随机分为2组,每组20头,试验组饲喂添加0.1%丰力旺酵素的常规饲料,对照组饲喂常规饲料。结果表明,丰力旺酵素可以提高生猪生长性能,减少疾病,降低粪便臭味,有利于提高经济效益。     

Assessment of antibiotic use in farm animals in Rwanda

The irrational use of antibiotics in humans and animals is highly related to the emergence and increase of antibiotic-resistant bacteria worldwide. A cross-sectional survey aimed at evaluating the current level of practices regarding antibiotic use in farm animals in Rwanda was carried out countrywide. Interviews were conducted on 229 farmers rearing different types of animals. The study has revealed that almost all respondent farmers could name at least one antibiotic used in farm animals and peni-streptomycin was named by most of them (95.6%). The use of antibiotics in farm animals was observed in the majority of respondents (97.4%). It was found that 44.4 and 26.5% of respondents reported that they used antibiotics for disease prevention and growth promotion, respectively. The use of non-prescribed antibiotics in animals was also reported by more than the half of respondent farmers (55.6%). The majority of farmers had a moderate level of practices regarding antibiotic use in farm animals (73.5%), very few had a high level (26%) and only one respondent had a low level. The high level of practices in regard to antibiotic use in animals was associated with the location of the farm, the type of reared animals, and the rearing system. The results of this study give an insight into antibiotics usage practices in farm animals in Rwanda. The generated information can guide sensitizations and promotions of the prudent use of antibiotics among farmers in order to limit the increase of antibiotic resistance in the country.     

Epostane对公兔血清睾酮、皮质醇的影响

将不同剂量的Ｅｐｏｓｔａｎｃ静脉注射成年公兔，测定注射后１、２、３、２４小时血清睾酮、皮质醇水平的变化。结果显示注射Ｅｐｏｓｔａｎｃ后公兔血清睾酮水平增加且与剂量相关；低剂量Ｅｐｏｓｔａｎｃ显著地降低血清皮质醇水平。     

圈养鸭群与放养鸭群蠕虫感染率调查研究

本文通过对９０羽闽西山麻鸭的蠕虫学调查，分析了该区域山麻鸭寄生蠕虫类群之间的关系，以及不同饲养方式对山麻鸭感染各类蠕虫的影响。１材料与方法１．１取样选择闽西的新罗、长汀、上杭和武平４个有代表性的县（市），随机抽样，共剖检９０羽山麻鸭，其中放牧鸭３８羽，圈养鸭５２羽。按禽类蠕虫学剖检方法逐羽剖检，收集蠕虫标本并编号后带回实验室鉴定。１．２样本资料处理１．２．１寄生虫的区系分析：将各样本收集到的蠕虫分为吸虫、绦虫、线虫和棘虫４大类群，分别统计出各类群的感染指数（Z＝A·B／C２，式中A为某类群总虫数，…     

鸡传染性法氏囊病毒VP2蛋白B细胞抗原表位预测

以鸡传染性法氏囊病毒VP2蛋白的基因组序列为基础,采用Garnier-Robson方法、Chou-Fasman方法和Karplus-Schultz方法预测VP2蛋白质的二级结构;用Kyte-Doolittle方案预测蛋白质的亲水性;用Emini方案预测蛋白质的表面可能性;用Jameson-Wolf方案预测氨基酸的抗原性指数。综合分析,预测VP2蛋白的抗原表位。通过以上几种方法预测IBDV病毒VP2蛋白的B细胞表位位于VP2蛋白N端3-10、30-45、77-84、150-157、197-206、211-222、278-288、298-303、315-325、376-381、386-394、403-411、415-425区段。     

2006年第二季度大豆市场回顾与第三季度展望——大豆期货渴望攀高

1 行情回顾 2006年第二季度全球大宗商品市场演绎了一场波澜壮阔的完美风暴，以黄金、铜、原油为首的商品市场出现了疯狂的上涨，市场资金蜂拥而上，持仓、成交持续放大。大宗商品价格在天价区间运行。存在即合理，商品价格由市场决定。但农产品大豆、豆粕与其他火热商品相比，就显得冷清，整个二季度，豆类市场价格几乎无像样的涨跌之势，而市场各种各样的良好预期也随着时间的推移一次又一次地让市场否定。     

畜禽养殖场环境微生物致病性和耐药性调查研究

为了解掌握养殖场中环境微生物对养殖业和公共卫生造成的影响,初步对我国养殖场环境微生物进行了研究。对吉林、湖北等省份的部分养猪场和养鸡场环境采样,并进行大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌分离鉴定,同时对从鸡舍和猪舍内分离大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌进行动物致病性实验及对13种抗生素的耐药性实验。实验结果表明,所有实验的沙门氏菌和90.7%的大肠杆菌菌株对小白鼠有致病性;所有分离菌株对磺胺类药物的耐药性非常严重,其次是对四环素,对其他药物也有不同程度的耐药性。     

Ectoparasites are the major causes of various types of skin lesions in small ruminants in Ethiopia

Ectoparasites are the major causes of skin lesions in animals. Clinical, skin scraping examination, and histopathological studies were conducted to identify and characterize skin lesions in small ruminants caused by ectoparasites. Mange mites, lice, sheep keds, and ticks were collected from the skin of affected animals for species identification. Skin biopsies were collected from affected part of the skin and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathology. Of 1,000 sheep and 600 goats examined, 815 (81.50%) sheep and 327 (54.5%) goats were infested with one or more types of ectoparasites. Sarcoptes scabiei var ovis, Demodex ovis, Psoroptes ovis, Bovicola ovis, Melophagus ovinus, and Amblyomma variegatum and other tick species were identified from sheep. S. scabiei var caprae, Demodex caprae, Linognathus stenopsis, and A. variegatum and other tick species were identified from goats. Gross skin lesions or defects observed on the skin include stained and ragged wool, loss of wool/hair, nodules, crusts, lichenification, and fissuring. Microscopic evaluation of H and E stained skin sections revealed lesions in the epidermal layer such as hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and melanin inconsistency on the basal cells of the epidermis. Follicular keratosis, perifolliculitis, frunculosis, perivasculitis, and aggregates of inflammatory cells (of acute and chronic type) with fibrosis were experiential in the dermal layer of the skin. Most of the skin lesions caused by ectoparasites are overlapping. Thus, ectoparasites control program should be executed to reduce skin lesions as skins are the major export commodity of the country.     

The effect of a single intramammary infusion of a biological response modifier in cows at drying off

Biological response modifiers (BRM) are compounds that interact with the immune system to regulate specific aspects of host response. The objective of this study was to describe clinical and morphological changes during involution of bovine mammary gland following a single-dose infusion of a BRM containing lipopolysaccharide and cellular fractions of Escherichia coli incorporated into liposomes. A massive leukocyte response and increased subepithelial stroma infiltration of mononuclear cells, eosinophils and mast cells was observed in BRM-treated quarters compared with untreated controls; however, morphologic parameters assessed at 11 days post infusion were indicative of only slightly accelerated involution compared with untreated controls. In addition, BRM infusion at the end of lactation did not interfere with mammary epithelial cell proliferation and caused only mild systemic effects.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptococcus uberis</Emphasis>-specific T cells are present in mammary gland secretions of cows and can be activated to kill <Emphasis Type="Italic">S. uberis</Emphasis>

The presence, phenotype and function of Streptococcus uberis-specific T cells in the mammary gland secretion (MGS) and blood of cows exposed to S. uberis were assessed. MGS T cells in the udder were purified and incubated with autologous blood monocytes as antigen-presenting cells (APC). Most cows, irrespective of prior S. uberis infection status and lactation status, were shown to have S. uberis-specific T cells both in MGS and in the blood. When cells from a subgroup of cows were studied, it was found that the S. uberis-specific T cells produced high levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), but low levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10). A high percentage of responding T cells were of the CD8 ⁺ memory (CD45RO) subset. T cells from the MGS specific for S. uberis were propagated from animals during the drying off period and expanded in vitro using interleukin-2 (IL-2) and S. uberis antigens. This led to the accumulation of T cells of the CD8 ⁺ subset bearing memory cell markers (CD45A ⁻ , CD45RO ⁺ ), which released high levels of IFN-γ. Four of the five T cell lines derived from the MGS of three animals had substantial direct killing activity towards S. uberis in vitro. It is concluded that there is an emergence of S. uberis-specific bactericidal T cells in the MGS of cows after infection or environmental exposure to S. uberis. Vaccines aimed at activating and expanding this T cell population in the mammary glands of cattle may offer an avenue for the prevention of mastitis caused by S. uberis.