脐橙叶片矿质营养元素含量的分区分布特征

为揭示矿质营养元素在脐橙叶中分区分布特征,以枳砧和枳橙砧纽荷尔脐橙为对象,测定新叶和老叶的叶尖、叶缘、中部、叶基和翼叶等5个分区中10种元素(N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn和B)的含量,并分析各分区离子组成的差异。主成分分析显示,第一主成分(PC1)和第二主成分(PC2)分别解释了总变量的43.4%和21.1%,明确区分了新叶和老叶,大致区分了叶不同分区,发现新叶翼叶与其他分区具有明显差异,而老叶本叶各分区的离散程度明显大于新叶本叶各分区。两种砧木脐橙新叶中钾含量分布表现为翼叶叶基中部叶缘≈叶尖,镁含量表现为叶尖≈叶缘中部叶基翼叶;两种砧木脐橙老叶中锰含量表现为叶尖≈叶缘中部叶基翼叶,硼含量表现为叶尖叶缘中部叶基翼叶。N、P、B在新叶本叶各分区以及P、Ca在老叶本叶各分区间含量都没有显著差异。枳砧脐橙新叶翼叶Mn、Cu和Zn的含量与叶片其他分区没有显著差异,而枳橙砧脐橙新叶翼叶Mn、Cu和Zn的含量都分别显著低于叶片其他分区。结果表明,不同元素叶片分区分布特征存在明显差异,翼叶的元素含量和离子组成与叶片其他分区差异明显。     

Astrocyte activity and autophagy after radiation-induced brain injury in rats

AIM: To investigate the activity of astrocytes and autophagy-related changes after radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) in rats.METHODS: A total of 36 Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 180~200 g, were trained for 4 d in the Morris water maze. They were randomly divided into sham group, model group and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) group. The rats in model group and 3-MA group were given single whole-brain X-ray irradiation at a dose of 20 Gy after intraperitoneal anesthesia. After the irradiation was completed, the rats in model group was given 5 μL of NaCl into the lateral ventricle, and the rats in 3-MA group was injected with 3-MA at 600 nmol into the lateral ventricle. After 8 weeks of feeding, Morris water maze was used for measuring the learning and memory abilities. The brain tissues were taken and HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the hippocampus. The protein level of GFAP was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot for evaluating astrocyte activity. Dual fluorescence staining of GFAP and LC3 was performed for evaluating the changes of autophagy in the astrocytes. The protein level of cleaved caspase-3 detected by Western blot and TUNEL staining in the ipsilateral hippocampus were used to evaluate the apoptosis. The contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were examined by ELISA to assess the inflammatory response in the hippocampus.RESULTS: Radiation inhibited astrocyte activity, activated autophagy in astrocytes, and aggravated brain damage. 3-MA promoted the activation of astrocytes and promoted the repair of brain tissue damage.CONCLUSION: The injury of rat hippocampus after radiation is obvious, and the number of astrocytes is significantly reduced. 3-MA significantly attenuates the damage. This finding may provide a new approach for the treatment of radiation-induced brain injury.     

Calreticulin expression is necessary for protective immune effect of T-cell vaccine in EAE mice

AIM:To study the role of cell membrane ectopic calreticulin (CALR) expression on the protective immunie effect of T-cell vaccine (TCV) on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). METHODS:EAE model was established by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 (MOG_35-55) immunization in C57BL/6 mice, and the mice were immunized with MOG_35-55-specific CALR⁺ and CALR^- T-lymphocytes. Symptomatic scores were compared at the maximum of the disease. On the 15th day after immunization, the proportion of CD4⁺ CD25⁺ Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells (Treg) in the spleen, and the expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10 and IL-17A in the serum were measured. RESULTS:Increased expression of CALR in activated T cells after γ-irradiation was observed. Blockade of CALR on the vaccinating T-cell surface reduced the protective effect of TCV. Furthermore, blockade of CALR reduced the number of Treg in the spleen and up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION:CALR expression in the T cells is necessary for the protective immunity induced by TCV in EAE mice.     

Role of TLR4-TRPC6 in LPS-induced NF-κB P65 expression and nuclear translocation in airway epithelial 16HBE cells

AIM: To investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) P65 expression and nuclear translocation in airway epithelial cells (16HBE) for supplementing the mechanism for airway inflammation. METHODS: After stimulating the 16HBE cells with LPS at 1 mg/L for 0, 0.5, 2, 6, 12 and 24 h, the expression of NF-κB P65 at mRNA and protein levels in the 16HBE cells were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively, and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB P65 was detected by immunocytochemical staining method. The effects of TLR4 inhibitor CLI-095 at 5 μmol/L and TRPC6 agonist Hyp9 at 10 μmol/L on LPS (1 mg/L)-induced NF-κB P65 expression and nuclear translocation in the 16HBE cells were determined by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunocytochemical staining. RESULTS: LPS increased the mRNA and protein expression of NF-κB P65 and nuclear translocation in the 16HBE cells(P<0.05). TLR4 inhibitor CLI-095 reduced the mRNA and protein expression of NF-κB P65 and nuclear translocation induced by LPS, while Hyp9 enhanced the mRNA and protein expression of NF-κB P65 and nuclear translocation induced by LPS in the 16HBE cells(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: LPS induces the expression and nuclear translocation of NF-κB P65 in the 16HBE cells via TLR4-TRPC6 signaling pathway.     

不同水分处理条件下小麦需水规律研究

对小麦需水量与产量的关系进行了试验研究。结果表明,小麦需水量与产量关系呈二次抛物线关系,函数式y=-0.434 1 x2+348.66 x-67 248。在整个生育期中,小麦苗期需水强度最低,拔节期至成熟期小麦的需水强度基本随着生育期的推进逐渐上升并在孕穗至成熟期达到峰值,说明拔节期~孕穗期为小麦的生长旺盛期。试验成果为制定贵州小麦灌溉制度提供了参考依据。     

汽车发动机缸体铸造技术分析研究

发动机作为汽车的动力之源,发动机质量与性能的好坏直接会影响汽车整体质量以及性能.而发动机方面铸造缸体相关技术是决定发动机质量是否达标的关键.文章阐述对国内外汽车发动机方面缸体铸造这一技术现状的基础上,展开对缸体相关技术的分析.     

林农业机械方向研究生创新能力培养初探

为了培养林农业机械方向研究生创新能力,文章就阻碍林农业机械方向研究生创新能力,包括研究生生源问题、社会环境的浮燥对导师及研究生的影响因素进行了分析.就培养独立思索的科学精神、强化研讨式教学、适时对研究生开放实验室或企业现场并记科研日记等解决措施进行阐述,以期让林农业机械方向研究生尽可能地在漂浮的社会环境中保持一颗平常心.     

U型渠掘进衬砌一体机螺旋输送设计与仿真

以U型渠掘进衬砌一体机的施工土壤性质为条件,设计了螺旋输送机的叶片直径,通过经验公式确定了螺旋输土机构的转速.分析了螺旋输送机的物料运动学简图,得出螺旋输送机的最佳螺距.探讨了螺旋输送装置的倾角影响因素,最后确定最佳倾角为11°.计算了螺旋输送机构的驱动功率.利用EDEM离散元软件,模拟了螺旋输送装置工作过程,对螺旋输送装置的设计提供了建议.     

基于单片机技术和蓝牙技术的新型智能空调

一部家电配有一个遥控器的模式普遍存在,但经常因为到处找不到遥控器而导致家电无法使用的情况给人们生活带来很多不便,针对这一情况,以家电空调为例,使用手机"蓝牙串口"APP控制蓝牙模块,以单片机为媒介,利用DS18B20温度传感器采集温度,与预设温度进行对比来自动调节温度.STC15F2K60S2单片机通过DS18B20采集温度信号,处理后将温度值与上位机(手机)设定值作比较.单片机控制空调的工作,并且通过蓝牙传给上位机显示当前温度.     

辽河河口湿地生态环境需水量研究

科学合理地确定辽河河口湿地的适宜与最小生态环境需水量是维持其生态系统健康的重要保障。利用3S技术提取辽河河口湿地覆被信息,将生态环境需水量的计算类型划分为消耗型和非消耗型,建立了适合辽河河口湿地的计算模型,并利用该模型计算了研究区2000、2005和2014年的生态环境需水量以及适宜生态环境需水量与不同降水频率条件下的最小生态环境需水量。结果表明,研究区适宜生态环境需水量为99 554.92×10~4m~3;多年平均降水条件下、75%降水频率下和95%降水频率下对应的最小生态环境需水量分别为20 220.13×10~4m~3、22 362.31×10~4m~3和24 314.98×10~4m~3。