多浪绵羊骨骼肌卫星细胞的分离培养、鉴定及成肌诱导分化

为了在体外细胞水平模拟多浪绵羊肌肉生长发育过程,本研究以多浪绵羊为试验动物,采用胶原酶和胰酶两步酶消化法分离多浪绵羊骨骼肌卫星细胞（satellite cells,SCs）,并利用差速贴壁的方法纯化分离得到的SCs。利用免疫荧光技术检测SCs标记基因Desmin、Pax7和MyoD1的表达情况,鉴定分离得到的SCs。采用血清撤离的方法诱导SCs向成肌方向分化。通过显微镜观察和成肌分化标记基因肌球蛋白重链（myosin heavy chain,MHC）的免疫荧光,检测肌管的形成情况。通过对SCs标记基因Desmin、Pax7和MyoD1的免疫荧光鉴定,确认本研究成功分离得到多浪绵羊SCs。采用血清撤离的方法诱导SCs成肌分化,显微镜观察和MHC免疫荧光可以明显观察和检测到肌管的形成。本研究对多浪绵羊SCs成功地进行了分离和鉴定,并建立了体外培养条件下多浪绵羊SCs的成肌诱导分化。     

抑制USP7活性对鸡抗沙门菌感染的影响

本研究旨在阐明去泛素酶USP7对雏鸡抵抗鼠伤寒沙门菌感染的影响。选用3日龄的白来航鸡40只,随机分为2组,每组20只,隔天腹腔注射USP7抑制剂P5091或对照溶剂,连续注射5次,待最后一次注射结束后第4天,对雏鸡人工口服感染鼠伤寒沙门菌,感染24 h后,采集样品,RT-qPCR检测IL-1β、IL-8、TNFα以及NF-κB的mRNA表达,平板涂布法检测雏鸡肝载菌量,H&E染色观察肝和肺的炎症状况。结果表明,P5091抑制USP7活性后,转录因子NF-κB mRNA水平显著降低,并且下游细胞因子IL-1β、IL-8以及TNF-α的表达均下调,雏鸡载菌量下降,H&E染色显示肝与肺炎症反应加剧。综上表明,USP7可能在机体抗沙门菌感染方面起重要作用。     

犬类诱食剂中酶解反应与美拉德反应最佳条件优化研究

试验旨在开发一款适用于干犬粮的诱食剂,研究犬类诱食剂中酶解反应与美拉德反应的最佳条件.试验选用鸡胸肉、鸡心、鸡肝为主要原料,采用木瓜蛋白酶进行水解,在酶解液中添加木糖和L-半胱氨酸,利用美拉德反应产物制备适合犬类的诱食剂.采用单因素和正交试验,以水解度为考核指标,研究水解反应过程;通过感官评价及动物试验探索最佳美拉德反...     

塞北兔种质特性研究与利用现状

从外貌特征和生产性能两个方面对塞北兔的种质特性进行了详细描述,并从数量遗传学、生化遗传学、被毛颜色和耳型遗传规律、生理生化指标、营养需要特点等方面对塞北兔的研究情况进行了概括总结。同时针对目前塞北兔在研究利用方面存在的问题提出了合理建议。     

稳定转化家蚕BmN细胞表达人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子

为了建立稳定转化家蚕细胞持续表达外源基因的技术体系,构建了基于piggyBac转座子的带有人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子基因(hGM-CSF)和新霉素抗性基因(neo)表达元件的转基因载体pigA3GFP-IE-neo-FH-hGM-CSF-polyA-fib-L-intron1,以及带有hGM-CSF和吉欧霉素(zeocin)抗性基因的昆虫细胞转化载体pIZT-IE-hGM-CSF,分别转染家蚕卵巢BmN细胞,并以含相应抗生素G418或zeocin的培养液筛选,得到稳定的转化细胞系FH-hGM-CSF和IE-hGM-CSF。ELISA检测结果显示,hGM-CSF在FH-hGM-CSF和IE-hGM-CSF转化细胞系的表达水平分别为1.534 55 fg/个细胞和2.227 38 fg/个细胞。     

放牧对草地退化演替的影响

研究了放牧对草地植被特征、草地土壤的影响,文章认为放牧改变了草地植被生态特征,进而影响了草地植物群落的种群配置以及土壤物理性质、理化性质的改变,过度放牧会加速草地生态演替的速度。     

日粮中添加植物提取物对肉仔鸡免疫机能的影响

选用250只健康AA肉雏随机分成5个处理组,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮＋金霉素、基础日粮＋植物提取物（300 g/t）、基础日粮＋植物提取物（500 g/t）和基础日粮＋植物提取物（800 g/t）5种日粮,以研究不同浓度植物提取物对46日龄肉仔鸡脾脏指数、法氏囊指数、胸腺指数、T淋巴细胞百分比、淋巴细胞转化率、白细胞吞噬印度墨汁率等指标的影响。研究结果表明,提取物有提高肉仔鸡日增重、成活率及饲料报酬率的趋势,且不影响肉仔鸡的正常生长。日粮中添加不同浓度植物提取物能够增加免疫器官指数,具有促进巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,淋巴细胞（增殖）转化率显著增高,延长抗体水平持续时间,对肉鸡的体液免疫和细胞免疫均有明显促进作用。而在日粮中添加500 g/t的提取物比添加金霉素对仔鸡免疫力有更好的作用。     

The Productive Performance and the Correlation Analysis Between Hatchability and Egg Quality in Jiangxi Green-eggshell Layers

The purpose of this study was to provide the reference to Jiangxi Green-eggshell breeding through the analysis of laying performance, hatchability and egg quality in the first generation of Jiangxi Green-eggshell layers at 300-days old. 306 Jiangxi Green-eggshell layers and 80 eggs were selected to determine the laying performance, hatchability and egg quality among families, and the correlation between the hatchability and egg quality were analyzed also. The results were as fellows:The average body weight of these hens was 1 596.99 g, the average egg weight was 50.57 g, the average egg-laying number was 14.53, the average fertility rate was 93.69%, the average dead fertile egg rate was 5.55%, the average healthy chick rate was 84.3%, the average dead embryo egg rate was 13.9%, the average egg shape index was 1.28, the average Haugh unit was 71.77, and the average eggshell strength was 4.44 kg/cm². The healthy chick rate and the egg weight had significant correlation,as well as the eggshell color and the egg shape index (P < 0.05). The healthy chick rate had extremely significantly correlation with the dead fertile egg rate(P < 0.01), as well as the eggshell strength and the eggshell thickness (P < 0.01). Generally, the first generation of Jiangxi Green-eggshell layers had good egg quality, higher laying performance and hatchability, but they still need to be further selected.     

Effects of Photoperiod on Stem Cells Activation in Cashmere Goat Hair Follicles

In order to extend the anagen of cashmere goat hair follicles and increase the production of cashmere,this study was performed with artificially shorten the daylight time among Arbas White cashmere goats. Skin tissue sections from cashmere goats were collected to compare the morphologic changes between artificial daylight and natural daylight,and immunohistochemical method was used to study the hair follicle cell proliferation and important protein expression in related signaling pathways. The results showed that strong cell proliferation occurred in cashmere goat hair follicle cells during artificial daylight,plenty of cytokeratin 15 (K15) positive signals were distributed in the outer root sheath,β-catenin protein was actively expressed in hair matrix and root sheath, indicating that the hair follicles were in the anagen growth phase;Meanwhile,cashmere goat hair follicles under natural daylight were in telogen with weak signals. Above all prove that short photoperiod played an important role in promoting hair follicle growth,the artificial short photoperiod could change hair follicle growth cycle and make hair follicles earlier enter to the anagen growth phase,causing a variety of typical gene expressions during hair follicle growth.     

饲粮代谢能水平对北京油鸡屠宰性能和肌内脂肪含量的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮代谢能水平对不同脂肪型脂肪酸结合蛋白(A-FABP)基因型北京油鸡屠宰性能和肌内脂肪(IMF)含量的影响。选择体重相近的42日龄北京油鸡公鸡480只,随机分成4组(每组6个重复,每个重复20只鸡),采用3层阶梯式笼养,分别饲喂代谢能为11.76、12.39、13.02和13.65 M J/kg的饲粮(Ⅰ~Ⅳ组)。试验期48 d。试验结束后,所有鸡只全部宰杀,测定屠宰性能;每个重复随机选取7只鸡,翅静脉采血,据A-FABP基因外显子1第51位碱基C→T突变进行基因分型,即未突变型(MM)、杂合型(MN)和突变型(NN),并测定IM F含量。结果表明:1)Ⅲ组(13.02 M J/kg代谢能组)北京油鸡的活体重、屠体率、全净膛率显著高于Ⅰ组(11.76 MJ/kg代谢能组)和Ⅱ组(12.39 MJ/kg代谢能组)(P<0.05),但与Ⅳ组(13.65 MJ/kg代谢能组)无显著差异(P>0.50)。2)13.65 MJ/kg代谢能组北京油鸡腹脂率分别是11.76、12.39、13.02 MJ/kg代谢能组的1.65、2.43和2.50倍,差异显著(P<0.05);与中等代谢能(12.39和13.02 MJ/kg)相比,高代谢能(13.65 MJ/kg)可增加NN北京油鸡的腹脂率,但对MM和MN无显著影响(P>0.10)。3)12.39 MJ/kg代谢能组北京油鸡胸肌IMF含量分别是11.76、13.02和13.65 MJ/kg代谢能组的1.35、1.34和1.32倍,差异显著(P<0.05),后3组间差异不显著(P>0.05);MM北京油鸡腿肌IMF含量和脂肪组织中A-FABP基因mRNA表达水平显著高于M N和NN(P<0.05),且A-FABP基因mRNA表达水平与腿肌IM F含量和基因型均存在显著相关性(P<0.01)。由此可见,13.02 MJ/kg代谢能饲粮提高了7~13周龄北京油鸡的活体重、屠体率和全净膛率;13.65 MJ/kg代谢能饲粮增加了北京油鸡的腹脂率,尤其是A-FABP基因外显子1第51位碱基C→T突变的北京油鸡,但未提高肌肉IMF含量。