犬肥大细胞瘤的诊治

对临床接诊的1例犬体表肿物进行诊断,采用临床检查、血液常规检查、血液生化检查、组织细胞学检查、影像学检查等方法进行诊断,结果为犬肥大细胞瘤,术后患犬痊愈.该病例可为犬肥大细胞瘤的临床诊断和治疗提供参考.     

坝上农牧交错区一年生饲草与主要农作物水分利用效率比较研究

为探究河北坝上地区饲草与作物对水资源的利用程度,本研究在河北省察北管理区种植3种一年生饲草(燕麦Avena sativa L.、箭筈豌豆Vicia sativa L.、玉米Zea mays L.)和4种主要农作物(莜麦Avena chinensis Metzg.、小麦Triticum aestivum L.、胡麻Linum usitatissimum L.、马铃薯Solanum tuberosum L.),通过种植试验比较一年生饲草和农作物水资源利用效率的差异,得出以下结论：一年生饲草产量高于农作物,其平均水分利用率(52.93%)比农作物水分利用率(36.33%)高出16.60%,玉米产量(63.92 t·hm^-2)最高,水分利用率最高(141.80%),马铃薯(19.53%)水分利用率最低;一年生饲草水分利用率由植株磷含量、植株钾含量、温度、细胞间CO₂浓度、鲜干比共同解释;农作物水分利用率由茎叶比、植物氮含量和细胞间CO₂浓度共同解释。     

种牛精液冷冻和保存效果研究进展

随着养牛业的高速发展,牛精液液体保存技术的研究也在逐步深入。人工授精技术降低了养殖成本,加速了肉牛的繁殖改良,同时还促进了育种工作的进程,合理有效的使用人工授精技术能够提高牛的饲养效益。与此同时,优良的种牛精液品质也是改良的关键,有实验结果表明：遗传、气候环境、饲养管理等因素会影响牛的精液品质[1],同时强制运动也是决定种牛精液品质的关键环节[2]。合理的精液冷冻与保存不仅能发挥优良的精液品质,同时也为人工授精技术的发展提供保障。本文从牛精液新型冷冻保护剂和损伤修复、牛精液冷冻保存添加剂、牛冷冻精在人工受精中的应用、冷冻保存的发展前景等方面总结了我国牛精液冷冻保存技术的研究和发展,以期对今后种牛精液冷冻和保存技术发展有所帮助、提供参考。     

牦牛及杂种后代犏牛的TSPY基因克隆分析

克隆测序了牦牛、犏牛TSPY基因的编码区全序列,并用生物信息学软件分析了该基因的编码区序列、蛋白结构和进化关系.结果表明,牦牛和犏牛TSPY基因编码区序列长度均为954 bp,编码317个氨基酸,牦牛与普通牛TSPY基因序列的一致性分别为98.95％,犏牛与牦牛、普通牛TSPY基因序列的一致性分别为98.95％、99.79％,杂交后代犏牛与亲本序列差异表现在第113位核酸位点发生了改变(T→T→C),导致第38位氨基酸发生变化(V→V→A).牦牛和犏牛TSPY蛋白含有TSPY家族典型的SET/NAP保守结构域,与人、鼠TSPY蛋白结构域一致,推测牦牛和犏牛TSPY蛋白在雄性减数分裂过程中参与了精原细胞和初级精母细胞的调节.     

The Effect of Training on Yili Horse 1 600 m Test Results and Heart Rate Variability

【Objective】 The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of different training stages on the performance and heart rate variability(HRV) of Yili horses and to provide data for reference in the conditioning training of 1 600 m distance Yili horses.【Method】 Eight 3-year-old Yili horses (stallions) were selected as test subjects.A 3-month speed specific performance training program was conducted, and a speed test race was organized in the last week of each month of training, and HRV was collected before, immediately after, 0.5 h after, and 1 h after 1 600 m test race.Among them, the time-domain indexes included the mean of all R-R intervals (Mean RR), the standard deviation of all R-R intervals (SDNN), the mean heart rate (Mean HR), the root mean square of the difference between adjacent R-R intervals (RMSSD), the number of adjacent R-R intervals with a difference greater than 50 ms (NN50), and the percentage of adjacent R-R intervals with a difference greater than 50 ms to the total number of heartbeats (pNN50).Frequency domain metrics included very low frequency (VLF), low frequency power (LF), high frequency power (HF) and nonlinear metrics:standard deviation (Y) of all R-R-spacing (SD1), standard deviation (X) of all R-R-spacing (SD2).Consequently, the variability of HRV indexes in horses at different training stages was analyzed.【Result】 The race time in the post training period in 1 600 m speed test race of Yili horses was significantly lower than that in the early training period (P<0.05), and Mean RR, NN50 and pNN50 in the middle and post training periods were significantly lower than that in the early training period (P<0.05).Mean HR in the beginning of training was significantly lower than that in post training (P<0.05).VLF and LF in the end of training were significantly lower than that in the beginning of training (P<0.05).【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this test, the HRV indexes of 1 600 m test race of Yili horses in different conditioning training stages were analyzed.The outcomes demonstrated that the types of neural activity in Yili horses at the beginning, middle and end of training presented some differences, showing changes of increased sympathetic excitability and decreased parasympathetic excitability, and the horses' athletic performance improved.Therefore, HRV could be considered as an effective tool to evaluate the training load and intensity of Yili horses during training.     

猪α-干扰素表达系统及其应用的研究进展

就猪α-干扰素的分子特征、生物学特性、表达系统和猪基因工程α-干扰素的应用进行综述,以期为猪α-干扰素在广谱抗病毒活性、抗肿瘤以及免疫调节的临床应用提供参考。     

不同精粗比和菜粕水平对饲粮组合效应的影响简

 为了探讨在反刍动物中等或较低水平粗饲料中需要添加能量和蛋白质饲料的量和比例,试验采用体外产气法测定玉米、菜粕和小麦秸或氨化小麦秸在不同精粗比（７０∶３０,６０∶４０,５０∶５０,４０∶６０,３０∶７０）和菜粕水平（６％,１２％,１８％,２４％）下各组合及４种饲料分别培养２,４,６,９,１２,２４,３６,４８,７２,９６ｈ内的产气量,并通过２４ｈ产气量和各组合的加权估算值计算出各组合的组合效应值。结果表明：１）小麦秸基础料中,１５个饲粮组合为负组合效应,而高精粗比７０∶３０高菜粕水平１８％和２４％两组合和低精粗比４０∶６０低菜粕水平６％和１２％两组合均表现出正组合效应,且高精粗比７０∶３０的组合效应值极显著高于低精粗比４０∶６０和３０∶７０组（P＜０．０１）。２）氨化小麦秸基础料中,１９个饲粮组合均不同程度地表现出正组合效应值。各精粗比间组合效应值,３０∶７０组极显著高于７０∶３０组（P＜０．０１）。各菜粕水平间组合效应值,２４％组显著高于１２％组（P＜０．０５）。低精粗比和高菜粕水平组合时组合效应值最大。使用氨化小麦秸要比使用小麦秸更能充分利用粗饲料,节省精饲料。     

外源甜菜碱处理对干旱胁迫下半夏氮代谢及相关酶活性的影响

为探讨喷施外源甜菜碱溶液对干旱胁迫下半夏体内相关次生代谢产物及氮代谢相关酶活性的影响,采用盆栽控水法研究了外源甜菜碱对D(干旱处理,含水量35%±2%)、D₂₀(干旱处理并加喷20 mmol/L的甜菜碱)、D₄₀(干旱处理并加喷40 mmol/L的甜菜碱)各处理组半夏体内谷氨酸合酶(GOGAT)活性、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性、硝态氮、可溶性蛋白、总生物碱、鸟苷和腺苷含量的变化规律。结果表明随着干旱胁迫时间的增加,D₄₀中GOGAT活性及GS活性降低幅度均小于D、D₂₀,GDH活性呈先升高后降低的趋势,对照组(CK组,含水量75%±2%)变化不明显。在处理第9~27天时,D₄₀与D₂₀相比,总生物碱含量分别提高了6.3%,10.3%,12.3%,差异显著。腺苷和鸟苷含量随时间增加呈上升趋势,且D₄₀含量均高于D₂₀,CK组含量最高,腺苷在第27天时有降低趋势。在第27天时,D₄₀可溶性蛋白含量分别比D、D₂₀提高了7.3%和3.1%。表明40 mmol/L的外源甜菜碱溶液能提高干旱胁迫条件下氮代谢相关酶的活性,从而加快无机氮的同化,有利于促进次生代谢物质的积累,同时也增强了半夏抵御干旱胁迫的能力。     

放牧对新疆天山山地草甸土壤团聚体和土壤呼吸潜力的影响

放牧是新疆山地草甸重要的利用方式,探明放牧对草地土壤呼吸的影响机制,可为深入了解草地碳汇功能,合理的利用草地提供参考依据。本研究在天山北坡中段山地草甸开展,以长期放牧和围封草地(CK)的土壤为研究对象,采用干筛法将土壤筛分为＜0.25 mm,0.25~1 mm,1~2 mm,2~4 mm粒径的土壤团聚体,并测定了各粒径团聚体的比例、土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶、土壤β-木糖苷酶、土壤N-乙酰-β-D葡萄糖苷酶活性及其21天的CO₂释放量。研究结果表明：放牧显著增加了＜0.25 mm粒径的团聚体比例,降低了＜0.25 mm,1~2 mm土壤团聚体的CO₂释放量;＜0.25 mm粒径土壤团聚体CO₂释放量均显著高于其他粒径;三种土壤酶活性在＜0.25 mm,1~2 mm粒径的土壤团聚体中与土壤呼吸表现出显著的正相关。综合分析表明,在天山北坡中段山地草甸,放牧会抑制＜0.25 mm,1~2 mm团聚体酶活性,降低土壤呼吸,使得草地整体代谢速率降低。