坚持和落实科学发展观 努力破解农民增收难题

以科学发展观为指导，针对安徽省农民增收和农业发展中存在的资源约束等问题进行分析，提出了抓住时机，依靠政策调动、布局优化、市场带动、科技拉动，提高农民增收的稳定性和持续性,大幅度提高农民增收的对策和发展思路。     

青海湖旅游区生命周期研究

立足青海湖旅游区实际,在分析影响旅游区生命周期的诸因素基础上,提出了延长该区旅游生命周期的具体措施。     

玉米产量潜力及超高产物质积累途径优化分析方法

作物产量潜力估计对于作物生产及超高产创建具有重要的理论指导意义。本文以玉米品种‘先玉335’为试验材料,于2005—2013年在吉林省3个不同生态类型区(乾安县、公主岭市和桦甸市)布置密度试验进行玉米超高产研究,利用获取的田间试验资料结合FAO-AEZ模型提出了一种基于优化模式的玉米产量潜力估计方法,解决了FAO-AEZ模型中收获指数常数的选择问题,并进一步建立玉米超高产生产中干物质积累途径分析方法。结果表明,玉米的产量与描述其干物质积累过程的Logistic方程参数密切相关,所建关系模型达到极显著水平(P0.01),并通过2012年和2013年实际产量统计检验;基于非线性优化理论,利用所建产量关系模型估算出乾安县和桦甸市的产量潜力,较FAO-AEZ模型潜力估计值年平均提高17.5%和16.1%;以实际生产数据作为约束条件,进一步求出乾安县、公主岭市和桦甸市产量达到15 000 kg·hm-2时的最低种植密度分别为7.7万株·hm-2、8.2万株·hm-2和7.9万株·hm-2,同时求出各生态区相应的干物质积累参数和各生育阶段的干物质积累量指标,为玉米超高产栽培播前决策和生育期调控提供理论依据。本文分析结果可作为吉林省玉米产量潜力估计及高产与超高产创建的理论依据,所建模型及相关分析方法也可作为其他地区作物产量潜力估计的参考。     

太谷核不育小麦衍生材料川6415在其后代中的遗传分析

川6415是利用太谷核不育小麦育成的重要小麦育种基因资源,解析川6415在其衍生后代的遗传,对利用川6415进行分子标记辅助选择育种具有重要意义.本研究选用617对SSR引物对川6415及其衍生品种(系)进行扫描,分析川6415在其一代、二代衍生品种(系)的遗传,结果表明,一代衍生品种川麦42继承了26.6％川6415的遗传物质;二代衍生品种(系)31区和R104更多的继承了川6415的遗传物质,分别为32.6％和37.2％.川麦42遗传背景中来源于川6415的SSR标记位点,在除3D、4D、7D外的18条染色体上都有分布,在2A、2B和4B染色体上形成染色体区段.4B上川麦42遗传背景中源于川6415的染色体区段有利于增加穗数/m2; 2B和7A上的川6415染色体区段有利于降低川麦42株高.因此,太谷核不育小麦衍生材料川6415可作为增加穗数/m2和降低株高的重要基因资源用于小麦高产育种.     

基于3次指数平滑的水稻生产综合机械化发展水平预测

水稻机械化生产的发展过程因受外部因素的干扰,呈现出非线性的特点.为此,利用3次指数平滑的时间序列法进行水稻生产综合机械化发展水平的预测,能排除外部的偶然干扰,平稳地反映出水稻生产综合机械化水平的发展趋势,取得较贴近实际的预测结果,为区域农业机械化的发展规划提供决策依据.     

稻谷热风辅助射频干燥工艺及相关品质研究

新型热风辅助射频(HA-RF)技术已被证实在稻谷杀虫方面具有良好的效果,为探究其同步杀虫干燥的应用潜力,本研究重在探究HA-RF在稻谷干燥方面的效能,开发稻谷HA-RF干燥工艺并研究相关的品质变化.结果表明:极板间距为10.0 cm(射频加热速率6.10℃/min),干燥温度为60℃,样品厚度为3.0 cm时,稻谷HA-RF干燥效能最佳;HA-RF与热风(HA)干燥相比可缩短干燥时间34.6％,单位能耗也更低.此外,HA-RF与HA干燥相比对稻谷精米率、整精米率和爆腰率的影响无显著差异,但HA-RF干燥可以更好地保留维生素E,且对样品颜色和微观结构的影响也较小.该研究表明HA-RF是一种比HA干燥更加高效节能的技术,且干燥后稻谷品质更好,在稻谷同步干燥杀虫上具有一定应用潜力.     

Ascorbate levels and the activity of key enzymes in ascorbate biosynthesis and recycling in the leaves of 22 Chinese persimmon cultivars

The objective of this study was to determine diversities of ascorbic acid (AsA) and activities of enzymes involved in AsA metabolism, and to determine their relationships to AsA content in the leaves of Chinese persimmon (Diospyros kaki) cultivars. Results showed that there were huge differences not only in the contents of AsA and glutathione (GSH) but also in the enzyme activities of l-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GLDH, EC 1.3.2.3), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR, EC 1.6.5.4), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) in the leaves of 22 Chinese persimmon cultivars. Control of AsA levels mainly depended on the capacity for biosynthesis and GLDH activity played a main role in determining AsA levels in the leaves of persimmon. Both MDHAR and DHAR, MDHAR in particular, also played an important role in maintaining AsA redox state by reducing oxidized AsA back to AsA. But contents of GSH and hydrogen peroide (H₂O₂) and activity of APX were not significantly correlated with AsA content in the leaves of persimmon.     

Conferring resistance to pre-harvest sprouting in durum wheat by a QTL identified in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum spelta</Emphasis>

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) causes significant yield loss and degrade the end-use quality of wheat, especially in regions with prolonged wet weather during the harvesting season. Unfortunately, the gene pool of Triticum durum (tetraploid durum wheat) has narrow genetic base for PHS resistance. Therefore, finding out new genetic resources from other wheat species to develop PHS resistance in durum wheat is of importance. A major PHS resistance QTL, Qphs.sicau-3B.1, was mapped on chromosome 3BL in a recombinant inbred line population derived from ‘CSCR6’ (Triticum spelta), a PHS resistant hexaploid wheat and ‘Lang’, a PHS susceptible Australian hexaploid wheat cultivar. This QTL, Qphs.sicau-3B.1, is positioned between DArT marker wPt-3107 and wPt-6785. Two SCAR markers (Ph3B.1 and Ph3B.2) were developed to track this major QTL and were used to assay a BC₂F₈ tetraploid population derived from a cross between the durum wheat ‘Bellaroi’ (PHS susceptible) and ‘CSCR6’ (PHS resistant). Phenotypic assay and marker-assisted selection revealed five stable tetraploid lines were highly PHS resistant. This study has successfully established that PHS-resistance QTL from hexaploid wheat could be efficiently introgressed into tetraploid durum wheat. This tetraploid wheat germplasm could be useful in developing PHS resistant durum cultivars with higher yield and good end-use quality.     

苹果树叶片上锈病斑的空间分布特征

苹果树为藏东南地区经济林的主要树种,近年来锈病危害严重。以藏东南地区苹果树为研究对象,基于野外调查,采用扩散系数C、Morisita指数I、Cassie指标Ca、平均拥挤度M*、Lloyd聚块性指标、负二项参数K、Iwao回归分析法、Taylor幂指数方法,研究了藏东南工布自然保护区苹果树叶片上锈病的空间分布格局规律。结果表明:苹果树叶片上锈病斑数量表现为树中部树下部树上部,树西面树东面树北面树南面。锈病斑数量在苹果树叶片上中部占39.33%,其中左中部占19.32%、右中部为20.01%;叶下部占31.53%,其中左下部为15.37%、右下部为16.16%;叶上部占29.14%,其中左上部为14.70%、右上部为14.44%。叶左边占49.39%,右边占50.61%。苹果树叶片上锈病斑主要以10~40个聚集的形式存在。以30≤b40为最多,锈病斑数量占总锈病斑数比率的17.36%。苹果树叶片上锈病斑空间分布呈聚集型,但聚集强度不大,锈病斑个体群大小不是一成不变的,而是随着锈病斑密度的增加而增大,其平均个体群大小为48.42。苹果树叶片上锈病斑的空间格局IwaoM*-m回归模型为M*=0.997 2+5.686 8m(R~2=0.999 9),Taylor幂模型为log(S~2)=0.148 3+1.633 2log m(R~2=0.956 8),2个模型均判定锈病斑在所有密度下均呈聚集分布,随着锈病斑密度增大,聚集强度也增大。