向日葵上一种列当的发生分布及防治

从1979～1980年调查研究明确了吉林省白城地区寄生在向日葵上的恶性杂草——列当的种名是Orobanche coerulescens Steph(本文暂称白城列当)而不是向日葵列当(O.cumana)。白城列当在全地区8个县均有分布,发生密度较大的地块1平方米均有300棵左右,寄生株率96%以上,1株向日葵上最多寄生146棵。其垂直分布主要在土壤耕层里,是寄生于向日葵根部,以5～15厘米耕层寄生率最高达93%。在向日葵植株周围的水平分布以距向日葵5～20厘米寄生率达68.1%。被害的向日葵植株,表现株矮、茎细、盘小,甚至全株枯死。籽实减产38.3～70.3%,籽仁含油率降低3.3～17.9%,严重影响向日葵的生产,应引起各方面重视。提出因地制宜地采取选育抗性品种,合理轮作及提早铲除等综合防治措施,以便尽早地消灭在始发阶段。     

Exploring the effectiveness of in ovo feeding of vitamin C based on the embryonic vitamin C synthesis and absorption in broiler chickensOA

Background: Many researches about in ovo feeding(IOF) of vitamin C(VC) are gradually carried out to explore physiological development in chicken, but little studies focus on VC synthesis capacity of the embryo itself, the selection of injection site and the effectiveness of IOF of VC. This study aims to explore the above problems.Results: Kidney and yolk sac were the main organs for VC synthesis and L-gulonolactone oxidase(GLO) expression was lower during pre-hatch development than that during p...     

分子生物学技术在真菌种性检测中的应用

本文介绍了当前应用于真菌分类学中的六种分子生物学技术（G C值、DNA互补,RNA技术,RFLP、RAPD五种核酸技术和一种蛋白质技术——同工酶技术）的原理、操作。适用范围及其应用状况,为食、药用真菌研究者和生产者提供参考。     

Effects of exosomes derived from hypoxia-preconditioned umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on function of endothelial cells

AIM To investigate the effect of exosomes derived from hypoxia-preconditioned human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) on proliferation, migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS hUCMSCs and HUVECs were isolated, cultured and identified. Exosomes derived from hUCMSCs were extracted by ultracentrifugation. The morphological change of exosomes was observed under transmission electron microscope. The particle size and concentration of exosomes were detected by nanoparticle tracking analysis, and the surface specific marker proteins of exosomes were determined by Western blot. hUCMSCs were divided into normoxia group and hypoxia group. The viability of hUCMSCs was measured by CCK-8 assay. HUVECs were divided into control group, normoxic exosome group and hypoxic exosome group. The proliferation of HUVECs was detected by EdU assay. The migration ability was detected by cell scratch assay and Transwell experiment. Tube formation ability was evaluated by tube formation experiment. RESULTS Compared with normoxia group, hypoxia pretreatment enhanced the viability and exosome release of hUCMSCs. Compared with normoxic exosome group, hypoxic exosomes enhanced the proliferation, migration and tube formation of HUVECs. CONCLUSION Exosomes derived from hUCMSCs under hypoxia enhances the proliferation, migration and tube formation of HUVECs.     

疙瘩皮肤病概述

疙瘩皮肤病(LSD)又称结节性皮炎或块状皮肤病,是世界动物卫生组织(OIE)规定的A类疫病之一。LSD是由LSDV引起的,以发热,皮肤、粘膜、器官表面广泛性结节,消瘦,淋巴结肿大,皮肤水肿为特征,严重时会引起死亡。此病能大幅度降低产乳量,损坏皮张,常带来较大的经济损失。目前,此病在非洲、以色列等国家和地区发生流行,我国尚无此类疫病的发生。本文仅就疙瘩皮肤病的病原、流行病学、临床与病理、诊断、预防及控制等方面作一概述。     

加快现代植保技术体系建设的对策研究

植保技术体系呈现出病虫害预测预报能力明显提高,防控技术体系日臻完善,农药与药械应用技术稳步发展,植物检疫监管技术基础更加牢固的现状;承载着为领导部门和农民提供病虫灾害防控信息、病虫害科学防控技术指导、农药与药械科学使用监管、依法开展植物疫情管控的重大任务。发展现代植保技术体系,要突出病虫害测报公益性,着力病虫害防控的防灾性,确保农药与药械应用的安全性,关切植物疫情蔓延的毁灭性。建设现代植保技术体系的对策措施是：强化病虫害测报体系与信息网络建设,提升测报技术水平;加强病虫害防控技术支撑与推广能力建设,创新推广模式,大力推进绿色防控;推进农药与药械产品应用技术研发推广和专业化统防统治;加大植物检疫技术研发和执法监管力度。     

缓控释肥研究现状及其在水稻上的应用

缓控释肥是一种能够减缓或控制养分释放的新型肥料,具有提高肥料利用率和作物产量、减少环境污染等优点。本文介绍了缓控释肥料的概念、类型,综述了缓控释肥料的国内外研究进展,分析了缓控释肥料在水稻上的应用及存在的问题,并进行了展望。     

Human and climatic drivers of land and water use from 1997 to 2019 in Tarim River basin,China

Climate and human activities change spatial and temporal distribution of water and land use. The Tarim River, the largest inland river in China, faced a long-term exploitation of land and water over a rapid economic development. We analyzed land and water use from 1997 to 2019 in Tarim River Basin by Landsat images, and data on hydrology, climate, population, economy and PM_2.5 (air particulate matter ≤2.5 μm). Agricultural land expanded the fastest (4–11%), followed by natural vegetation (15–16%) and water area (4–5%) with population and economic increase. Air quality (PM_2.5 μg m⁻³) improved in upper (62–27) and middle (48–17) reaches. The water area in lower increase 5% because of ecological water delivery since 2000. Land use in the lower reach was dominated by agriculture, where the downstream runoff consumption increased by 6.8 times. The average annual air temperature and precipitation gradually increased by 0.5 °C and 51 mm in source and 0.9 °C and 30 mm in main reaches. The average annual water consumption in upper and middle reaches was 4 × 10⁹ m³, accounting for 87% of input runoff in the main reach. Water consumption in middle reach increased by 33 times in 2009–2017. The industry structure was changing from primary to secondary and tertiary industry. To sum up, implementation of water saving strategies and ecological water delivery restored local ecology. Sustainable strategies should be applied facing industrialization. Furthermore, changing the industry structure and restoring the degraded farmlands to grasslands or forests would keep sustainability of Tarim River Basin.     

东北过伐林区森林景观演替分析

运用1997年二类调查数据,借助二歧指示种分类(TW INSPAN)方法,在ArcInfo的支持下,采用统一网格样点采样法,对吉林省汪清林业局金沟岭林场的森林景观的分类与演替进行了研究。结果表明:TW INSPAN通过15次划分,把整个金沟岭森林划分为7种经营景观类型,演替阶段从低到高依次为:人工纯林景观、榆杂林景观、杨桦林景观、阔叶混交林景观、针阔混交林景观、云冷落针叶混交林景观、阔叶红松林景观。同时,也说明TW INSPAN不仅可以有效地进行景观分类,还能反映景观类型在某一时空的梯度关系。