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21.
利用中草药防治动物疾病已经成为养殖业研究的重要课题,但对动物服用中草药的难度较大,该文改进了传统的人工胃管灌服方法的缺陷,采用将中草药与精料共煮后饲喂,方法简便、价格低廉、节省人力,对规模化养殖场群体动物的中草药应用具有良好的推广价值。 相似文献
22.
bHLH转录因子家族是第2大转录因子家族,广泛存在于微生物、植物以及动物中。以甜橙为试验材料,通过全基因组数据库搜索鉴定,对bHLH基因进行了理化性质、系统发育、染色体分布、保守基序、蛋白互作生物信息学分析,探讨它们在不同组织的表达情况。结果表明:共鉴定出126个bHLH基因,其中112个不均匀的分布于9条染色体上,14个分布位置尚未确定;系统发育分析表明甜橙bHLH基因家族可分为16个亚家族,并且给定亚家族中的大多数基因具有相似的基因结构和保守基序。在甜橙中,多个bHLH基因相互作用共同调控其开花、光的形态发生和花色素苷合成等过程;大多数的CsbHLH基因在愈伤组织、叶、花和果实中均有表达。本研究为CsbHLH基因的功能研究奠定了基础,并有助于bHLH基因在其他植物物种中的功能研究。 相似文献
23.
Masaki Kiryu Miho Hamanaka Kayo Yoshitomi Susumu Mochizuki Kazuya Akimitsu Kenji Gomi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2018,84(3):221-229
Plant volatile compounds, including terpenes, are known to be involved in the rice defense system. In the present analysis of a terpene synthase, OsTPS18, in rice, we found that OsTPS18 was localized in the cytoplasm and synthesized the sesquiterpenes (E)-nerolidol and (E)-β-farnesene. The amounts of (E)-nerolidol and (E)-β-farnesene increased after jasmonic acid (JA) treatment. (E)-Nerolidol had significant antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). These results suggest that (E)-nerolidol plays an important role in JA-induced resistance against Xoo and that it functions as an antibacterial compound in rice. 相似文献
24.
Conservationists, managers, and land planners are faced with the difficult task of balancing many issues regarding humans
impacts on natural systems. Many of these potential impacts arise from local-scale and landscape-scale changes, but such changes
often covary, which makes it difficult to isolate and compare independent effects arising from humans. We partition multi-scale
impacts on riparian forest bird distribution in 105 patches along approximately 500 km of the Madison and Missouri Rivers,
Montana, USA. To do so, we coupled environmental information from local (within-patch), patch, and landscape scales reflecting
potential human impacts from grazing, invasive plant species, habitat loss and fragmentation, and human development with the
distribution of 28 terrestrial breeding bird species in 2004 and 2005. Variation partitioning of the influence of different
spatial scales suggested that local-scale vegetation gradients explained more unique variation in bird distribution than did
information from patch and landscape scales. Partitioning potential human impacts revealed, however, that riparian habitat
loss and fragmentation at the patch and landscape scales explained more unique variation than did local disturbances or landscape-scale
development (i.e., building density in the surrounding landscape). When distribution was correlated with human disturbance,
local-scale disturbance had more consistent impacts than other scales, with species showing consistent negative correlations
with grazing but positive correlations with invasives. We conclude that while local vegetation structure best explains bird
distribution, managers concerned with ongoing human influences in this system need to focus more on mitigating the effects
of large-scale disturbances than on more local land use issues.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
25.
Mun Sup Yoon Jeongran Lee Chang Yung Kim Jung Hoon Kang Eun Gi Cho Hyung Jin Baek 《Euphytica》2009,165(1):69-77
Approximately 7,000 accessions of Korean soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) landraces, largely composed of three collections, the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute’s soybean (KAS),
the Korean Crop Experiment Station’s soybean (KLS) and the Korean Agricultural Development and Technology Center’s soybean
(KADTC) collections, have been conserved at the Rural Development Administration (RDA) genebank in Korea. The accessions within
collections were classified based on their traditional uses such as sauce soybean (SA), sprouted soybean (SP), soybean for
cooking with rice (SCR), and OTHERS. A total of 2,758 accessions of Korean soybean landraces were used to profile and to evaluate
genetic structure using six SSR loci. A total of 110 alleles were revealed by at the six SSR loci. The number of alleles per
SSR locus ranged from 9 to 39 in Satt187 and Satt_074, respectively. The number of alleles ranged from 87 in the KADTC collection
to 96 in the KLS collection, and from 63 in the SCR group to 95 in the SP group. Nei’s average genetic diversity ranged from
0.68 to 0.70 across three collections, and 0.64 to 0.69 across the usage groups. The average between-group differentiation
(G
st) was 0.9 among collections, and 4.1 among the usage groups. The similar average diversity among three collections implies
that the genetic background of the three collections was quite similar or that there were a large number of duplicate accessions
in three collections. The selection from the four groups classified based upon usage may be a useful way to select accessions
for developing a Korean soybean landrace core collection at the RDA genebank. DNA profile information of accessions will provide
indications of redundancies or omissions and aid in managing the soybean collection held at the RDA genebank. The information
on diversity analysis could help to enlarge the genetic diversity of materials in breeding programs and could be used to develop
a core collection. 相似文献
26.
Three slow-growing legume trees used for desert reforestation and urban gardening in the Sonoran Desert of Northwestern Mexico
and the Southwestern USA were evaluated whether their growth can be promoted by inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria
(Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus pumilus), unidentified arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (mainly Glomus sp.), and supplementation with common compost under regular screenhouse cultivation common to these trees in nurseries. Mesquite
amargo (Prosopis articulata) and yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla) had different positive responses to several of the parameters tested while blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida) did not respond. Survival of all tree species was over 80% and survival of mesquite was almost 100% after 10 months of cultivation.
Inoculation with growth-promoting microorganisms induced significant effects on the leaf gas exchange of these trees, measured
as transpiration and diffusive resistance, when these trees were cultivated without water restrictions. 相似文献
27.
氮肥运筹对小麦群体变化、穗粒数分布及产量的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
为小麦持续增产提供重要技术途径,对氮肥不同施用量和不同底追比例进行研究,选用‘周麦18’作为试验材料,研究了氮肥运筹技术对小麦群体动态变化、穗粒数分布及产量的影响。结果表明:“前轻中重后补充”的氮肥运筹技术降低了小麦生育期的最高群体,小麦分蘖成穗率较传统施肥处理提高了3.1个百分点,同时增加了穗粒重、提高了千粒重,单穗重显著提高了0.2 g;在每公顷施纯氮240 kg和180 kg条件下,运用“前轻中重后补充”氮肥运筹技术较传统施肥处理(全底)增产694.5 kg/hm2、486.0 kg/hm2,增幅分别为10.1%和7.2%。结果说明“前轻中重后补充”的氮肥应用策略是一项高产高效的氮肥运筹技术。 相似文献
28.
Mohammad Monirul Islam Eef Meerschman Timothy Saey Philippe De Smedt Ellen Van De Vijver Marc Van Meirvenne 《Precision Agriculture》2012,13(3):384-392
Every growing season, paddy fields are kept both flooded and drained for a significant period of time. As a consequence, these
soils develop distinct physico-chemical characteristics. For practical reasons, these soils are mostly sampled under dry conditions,
but the question arises how representative the results are for the wet growing conditions. Therefore, the apparent electrical
conductivity (ECa) of a 1.4 ha alluvial paddy field located in the Brahmaputra floodplain of Bangladesh was measured in both dry and wet conditions
by a sensing system using the electromagnetic induction sensor EM38, which does not require physical contact with the soil,
and compared both surveys. Due to the smooth water surface under wet conditions which ensured increased stability of the sensing
platform, the results of the survey showed considerably reduced micro-scale variability of ECa. Furthermore, the wet survey results more reliably furnished soil-related information mainly due to the absence of soil moisture
dynamics. The differences between ECa under wet and dry conditions were attributed to differences in soil texture, mainly the sand content variation having considerable
effect on soil moisture differences when flooded following drainage. Accordingly, the largest differences between ECa under wet and dry conditions were found in those parts of the field with a large sand content. Hence, the conclusion was
that an ECa survey on flooded fields has an added value to precision soil management. 相似文献
29.
Oz Barazani Einav Mayzlish-Gati Dikla Lifshitz Rivka Hadas Alexandra Keren-Keiserman Sivan Golan Tomer Faraj Alon Singer Andrey Beerman Avi Perevolotsky 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(1):1-5
The ex situ collection of the Israel Plant Gene Bank (IGB) aims to encompass the rich local flora and its genetic diversity with an emphasis on crop wild relatives. However, to properly establish a core collection, collection efforts must be prioritized and strategized. We previously classified local plant genetic resources into four priority groups that assisted in strategizing the collection activities. The following years of intensive collection activity yielded over 4200 banked accessions. However, these do not necessarily represent the distribution range of the target species for collection (TSC) and consequently, their genetic diversity. To best cover the latter, the collecting area was divided into botanical districts and the magnitude of the collection was determined according to prioritization group, e.g., a wild relative of an agricultural crop with a vast distribution range should be represented by a larger number of banked accessions than one with a smaller range. Continuous evaluation of specific needs shapes the collection scheme of the IGB to maximize collection efforts, better represent the presumed genetic diversity of TSC, and establish its core collection. 相似文献
30.
A study was conducted to assess the role and effectiveness of community organisers in supporting the development of people’s
organisations in achieving community-based forest management objectives in Leyte Province Philippines. Community organisers
were found to be effective in forming people’s organisations (POs), motivating people to participate in voluntary activities
organised by POs and encouraging cohesiveness among PO members. Community organisers manage to raise the level of environmental
awareness and knowledge of members of people’s organisations, develop leadership interest and skills, create various livelihood
opportunities and provide direction and facilitate the establishment of large tree plantations. However, the short duration
of community organisers’ contracts (typically two years) is insufficient to establish mature and cohesive POs prepared to
assume management on their own, including the management of tree plantations. Further, lack of training and funding support,
low wages, delayed payment of salaries and limited time to work with people’s organisations, as well as the pressure to produce
tangible outputs such the establishment of large tree plantations, prevents them from placing greater emphasis on the development
and empowerment of the people. 相似文献