Effect of dietary vitamin C supplementation on the oxygen consumption, ammonia-N excretion and Na/K ATPase of Macrobrachium nipponense exposed to ambient ammonia

The 96-h LC₅₀ of ammonia-N and the effects of dietary vitamin C on oxygen consumption, ammonia-N excretion and Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activity of Macrobrachium nipponense exposed to ambient ammonia were investigated. The results showed that the 96-h LC₅₀ of ammonia-N was 36.6 mg l⁻¹ for the freshwater prawn, M. nipponense, at pH 8.0. When prawns were exposed to high ambient ammonia-N concentrations, the oxygen consumption rate increased and ammonia excretion decreased. Dietary vitamin C supplementation led to higher oxygen consumption and lower ammonia excretion. Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activity increased with increased ambient ammonia-N exposure in the range of 0–18.3 mg l⁻¹, and then was reduced at ambient ammonia-N 36.6 mg l⁻¹. Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activities of prawns fed a vitamin C-supplemented diet were significantly lower than those of prawns fed a diet which was not supplemented with vitamin C.     

Mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy composites containing graphene oxide and liquid crystalline epoxy

The graphene oxide (GO) sheets are chemically grafted with γ-etheroxygentrimethoxysilane (KH560) and liquid crystalline epoxy (LCE) is synthesized from 4,4′-bis(2-hydroxyhexoxy)biphenyl (BP₂) and epichlorohydrin before being incorporated into epoxy matrix. Then we present a novel approach to the fabrication of advanced polymer composites from epoxy matrix by incorporation of two modifiers, which are grafted GO (g-GO) and LCE. The mechanical properties of epoxy composites are greatly improved by incorporating LCE/g-GO hybrid fillers. For instance, the addition of 3 wt% hybrid filler (2 wt% g-GO and 1 wt% LCE) into the epoxy matrix resulted in the increases in impact strength by 132.6 %, tensile strength by 27.6 % and flexural strength by 37.5 %. Moreover, LCE/g-GO hybrid fillers are effective to increase thermal decomposition temperature, glass transition temperature, and storage modulus by strong affinity between the fillers and epoxy matrix.     

刈割高度对多花黑麦草新品种产量和品质的影响

为探讨不同刈割高度对多花黑麦草新品种饲草产量和品质的影响,以2个多花黑麦草新品种为对象,采用5个刈割高度分别测定2个品种的鲜、干草产量、粗蛋白、可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和干物质体外可消化率(IVDMD)。结果表明:在65 cm时刈割,所获得的鲜、干草产量最高;随着刈割高度的增加,2个黑麦草品种的粗蛋白和可溶性碳水化合物含量呈抛物线趋势变化,在刈割高度为55 cm时达到最高值;中性和酸性洗涤纤维含量则随着刈割高度的增大逐渐增加;干物质体外消化率亦呈现抛物线的趋势,在刈割高度为65 cm时达到最高。2个品种的表现规律一致。     

保水剂和氮肥对小粒咖啡生长及水分利用的互作效应

小粒咖啡生产经常受到季节性干旱和土壤营养不足的制约。为探讨小粒咖啡节水抗旱和水肥资源高效利用模式,采用3个保水剂水平和3个施氮水平,研究了保水剂和氮肥对小粒咖啡苗木生长及水分利用的影响。结果表明:低氮、低保处理可以获得小粒咖啡苗木的最大生长量(株高、茎粗及叶面积)。和对照(无氮处理)相比,低氮可使干物质累积量提高24.10%,而高氮减少干物质累积11.95%。和无保水剂处理相比,低保水剂提高干物质累积11.53%,而高保水剂抑制干物质累积8.65%。此外氮肥和保水剂能不同程度地降低日蒸散量,提高水分利用效率;施氮和保水剂可分别提高小粒咖啡水分利用效率2.72%~35.37%和8.48%~20.24%。小粒咖啡氮素累积量随着施氮量增加先增后降。过高水平保水剂和氮肥都会对小粒咖啡的苗木生长产生明显的抑制作用,而低氮低保处理可同时提高干物质累积和水分利用效率。     

50％噻苯隆可湿性粉剂对鲁中地区棉花的脱叶及吐絮效果

为科学使用棉田脱叶催熟剂,2012年在山东省泰安肥城市安驾庄镇大龙岗石村进行了50％噻苯隆可湿性粉剂对棉花脱叶催熟田间药效试验。田间试验结果表明,50％噻苯隆可湿性粉剂（有效成分）225～300g·hm^-2的用量可显著提高棉花的脱叶率及棉铃的吐絮率;棉花品质和测产结果表明：施用50％噻苯隆可湿性粉剂可提高子棉产量,且对棉花的品质没有影响。     

休闲期覆膜与施氮量对旱地小麦水氮利用效率和籽粒产量的影响

为探寻旱地小麦休闲期覆盖下的适宜施氮量,在旱地小麦休闲期覆盖与不覆盖条件下,分别设置75、150和225kg·hm-2三个施氮量,分析了休闲期覆盖配施氮肥对旱地小麦水氮利用效率和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,休闲期覆盖显著提高播种至孕穗期0~300cm土壤蓄水量,其中播种期土壤水分增加70~81mm,其蓄水保墒效果可延续至孕穗期,进而提高了小麦产量和水分利用效率。休闲期覆盖促进了小麦植株对氮素的吸收和积累,增加了植株花前氮素转运量、花后氮素积累量以及籽粒氮素积累量,提高了氮素收获指数和氮素生产效率。休闲期覆盖配施氮素150kg·hm-2时,蓄水、增产和水分高效利用、氮素积累与转运的效果最好。     

Comparison of bending properties Co-woven-knitted and Multi-layered biaxial Weft-knitted fabric reinforced composites

Co-woven-knitted (CWK) fabrics and multi-layered biaxial weft knitted (MBWK) fabrics were prepared using glass filaments as both the warp and weft yarns and high tenacity polyesters as the stitch yarns with the same stitch length. Then the polyethylene resin was injected into the fabrics by vacuum assisted resin transfer molding to produce composites. Specific bending stress-displacement curves in the course and wale directions of the CWK fabric reinforced composites and the MBWK fabric reinforced composites were analyzed and their bending properties were also compared. Results indicate that the initial segments of all the specific bending stress-displacement curves for the CWK and the MBWK fabric reinforced composites are linear; then the specific bending stresses decrease with the displacements in a wave-like manner until sample destruction. The CWK fabric reinforced composites show plastic failure in course and wale directions, while the MBWK fabric reinforced composites show first fragile failure then plastic failure in course direction and show plastic failure in wale direction. Bending properties in the course direction of the CWK and the MBWK fabric reinforced composites are different from those in their wale direction, respectively. The CWK fabric reinforced composites are of smaller anisotropy than the MBWK fabric reinforced composites. By designing the buckling and distribution of the warp and weft yarns, the axial properties difference can be shortened.     

粤北某离子吸附型稀土矿地下水丰枯水期变化及污染评价

[目的]探究离子型稀土矿区地下水的污染状况及其在时空尺度下的变化特点,为区域地下水污染防控及居民健康生活的保障工作提供科学依据。[方法]以粤北某离子吸附型稀土矿及其周边为研究区,分别在丰、枯水期采集该区域地下水样品各10组,在检测水样6种常规指标和7种重金属指标的基础上,运用多元统计的方法和修正内梅罗综合污染指数法对地下水的污染现状进行分析与评价。[结果]地下水超标组分包括硫酸盐(10%)、硝酸盐氮(30%)、氨氮(35%)、氟化物(40%)、硫化物(40%)、Mn(55.5%)、Pb(20%)和Cd(10%),其中氨氮和Mn污染程度明显更严重,超标组分中仅硫化物和氟化物浓度具有明显的时期特征,均表现为：丰水期>枯水期。地下水受污染极不均匀且整体污染程度非常严重,丰水期地下水水质较枯水期更差,污染在样点DXS₀₄,DXS₀₆和DXS₀₇所在位置有较大程度的集中。[结论]各污染指标均与稀土矿使用的化学药剂存在运移转换关系,研究区地下水受稀土矿开采影响已不宜作为生活饮用水源。     

氮肥施用量对灵武长枣果实品质及土壤氮含量的影响

以灵武长枣为试验材料,设置5个氮肥处理:0 kg/hm²(CK)、150 kg/hm²(T1)、300 kg/hm²(T2)、450 kg/hm²(T3)、600 kg/hm²(T4),同时配施相同量的钾肥(150 kg/hm²)和磷肥(60 kg/hm²),用以探明不同氮肥施用对灵武长枣果实品质的影响以及土壤氮含量随施氮量增加的变化趋势。结果表明,灵武长枣果实维生素C含量、单果重和糖酸比随施氮水平的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,且均在T2处理达到最大值。与CK相比,T2处理的灵武长枣果实维生素C含量、单果重和糖酸比对照分别提高了17.27%、15.94%和10.90%。当施氮量在150 kg/hm²以上时,成熟期土壤氮含量随着施肥量的增加而增加,其中T2处理的土壤氮含量相较于初始氮含量增加最少,表明T2处理在满足灵武长枣植株需求的同时最大程度降低了对土壤氮含量的影响。利用主成分分析提取出的4个主成分涵盖了原始信息的92.687%,其中T2处理的得分最高。综上所述,灵武长枣最佳氮肥施用量为300 kg/hm²,此施肥量既能改善灵武长枣果实品质,又能对灵武长枣科学施肥提供理论依据。     

多花黑麦草对水涝胁迫的生理响应

采用盆栽法,研究在不同水涝胁迫条件下,2个多花黑麦草品种‘Maximus’和‘Hercules’的生理生化抗性表现。结果表明：在轻度水涝胁迫条件下（水位与土层平齐）,脯氨酸含量‘Maximus’比对照上升225.6%、‘Hercules’比对照上升509.7%,其他指标与对照组相比差异不显著（P〉0.05）;在重度水涝条件下（水位在土层上4cm）,2个品种叶片中叶绿素含量‘Maximus’比对照下降23.5%、‘Hercules’下降63.5%;丙二醛含量‘Maximus’比对照上升48.9%、‘Hercules’上升76.2%;脯氨酸含量‘Maximus’增加405.9%、‘Hercules’增加531.8%;过氧化物酶活性分别上升204.0%和74.1%,与对照组相比差异显著（P〈0.05）,超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性均表现为先升后降。在轻度水涝胁迫时,各个指标变化不显著或从处理第7d开始变化显著;在重度水涝胁迫4d后各个指标开始剧烈变化。因此认为多花黑麦草在轻度水涝时可正常生长7d,在重度水涝时可正常生长4d。