关于农业技术推广法及其实施办法贯彻实施情况的调研报告

农业现代化是我国农业的发展方向。贯彻落实好农业技术推广法,提高农业技术推广工作水平,对于实现农业现代化具有重要作用。文章对天津市认真贯彻落实农业技术推广法所做的主要工作及取得的主要成效进行了总结,从加强学习宣传、不断深化改革、创新推广途径、加强农民培训、提升推广实效办法的规定和国家关于农业技术推广工作的主要精神,从深化基层农业技术推广体系改革、加强农业技术推广经费保障、提高农业技术推广人员素质、促进社会化农业技术服务组织发展、完善天津市实施农业技术推广法办法等方面提出了相关建议,以期促进天津市农业技术推广工作再上新水平。     

种质资源创新与利用途径分析

近年来我国作物种质资源研究工作得到飞跃发展,现代生物技术与常规技术相结合已成为种质资源创新的途径。介绍作物种质资源利用的传统途径,阐述生物技术在种质资源创新与利用中的应用,并展望种质资源创新与利用的发展趋势。     

Spatial-temporal Patterns of Land-use Change in Typical Transect Area Along China National Highway 106 During 1996-2008

Based on land-use database updated with the survey of 1996, 2000, 2004 and 2008, this paper analyzed the land-use changes in the typical transect area along National Highway 106 with the aid of GIS technology and quantitative models. The results showed that arable land had been continuously decreased from 1996 to 2008, with a loss of 65.85× 10^3 hm2 and an average decrement of 5.49×10^3 hm^2 per year, and the loss in northern areas was larger; garden land and woodland were gradually centralized to the predominance area with an increment of 25.73×10^3 hm2 and 22.37×10^3 hm2, respectively; residential and industrial land increased year after year, and the transportation land showed the equalized developing spatial pattern; the increment of construction land and encroachment on arable land in the area were deeply influenced by the national macroscopic land-use policies, the rapid advance of urbanization and the development level of the regional economy. Through this case study, it is suggested that differential land- use policies should be adopted to create good environmental conditions to guarantee food security and to promote the economic development.     

开放经济条件下我国游资规模的测算研究

自2005年汇率改革以来,在人民币预期升值驱动下,国际游资大规模流入中国,对我国货币政策的独立性和实施效果产生了较大的冲击和影响。结合Auto-Regressive模型、PLS回归和GM(1,1)模型对2005～2009年的我国国际游资规模进行测算,结果表明,我国的国际游资主要是通过贸易顺差流入我国的,FDI中隐藏的国际游资相对要少很多。测算至2009年底,我国的国际游资规模已经达到了12623. 31亿美元。     

机器人足球比赛防守与进攻队形转换的研究

随着机器人足球的发展,机器人防守和进攻的队形对于比赛显得尤为重要。为了加强机器人足球比赛中的防守和进攻,文章通过分析足球在不同区域时防守队形的选择、防守与进攻的队形转换、以及在极端情况下剩余机器人的有效利用等几个问题,研究和设计机器人防守和进攻队形转换的算法和策略。机器人队形的选择采用人性化的方法,大大提高了队形的形成速度,在极端状态下也做出相应的策略来加强进攻。通过实验表明,该策略增加了防守和进攻的效率,提高了进球的几率。     

薄壳山核桃雌花发育的解剖学研究

为掌握薄壳山核桃(Carya illinoinensis)雌花花芽发育规律,应用了石蜡切片技术,从显微水平上对浙江省建德市12年生薄壳山核桃花芽发育各阶段特征进行观察,结果表明:薄壳山核桃马罕(Mahan)雌花发育过程可分为4个时期,分别是分化初期、花序分化期、雌花总苞形成期和雌蕊形成和发育期,在分化初期雌花芽与叶芽无区别,顶端呈圆球状;花序分化期形成两个以上椭圆状小花原基;雌花总苞形成期总苞略呈四方形,中央部位形成雌蕊原基并进一步分化出胚珠原基;雌蕊形成和发育期胚珠继续发育,胚囊形成.准确确定薄壳山核桃马罕雌花发育各个关键时期可为合理品种配置及人工授粉提供依据.     

Effects of Vibrio harveyi on plasma clotting protein (coagulogen) of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Blood clotting exhibits various important functions, including the prevention of body fluid loss and invasion of pathogens in shrimp. The effects of pathogenic Vibrio harveyi on plasma of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in vitro and in vivo were investigated in this study. The clotting protein (coagulogen) in plasma of white shrimp pre‐incubated with extracellular products (ECP) of V. harveyi was found apparently decreased and fast‐migrated in crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) gels. In addition, the coagulogen had been degraded to many low molecular‐weight protein bands in plasma pre‐incubated with ECP on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) gels. When pre‐challenged with bacterial cells and ECP of V. harveyi, the white shrimp began to die at about 30 and 16 h respectively. Moreover, plasma coagulogen was decreased more obvious in shrimp challenged with ECP than that with bacterial cells as visualized in CIE gels, and total plasma protein in both group of shrimp were all decreased. Haemolymph withdrawn from moribund shrimp pre‐challenged with V. harveyi or its ECP was observed unclottable. However, the addition of clotting factors (transglutaminase and/or Ca²⁺) to these unclottable plasma could apparently promote their re‐clotting ability as jelly‐like solid observed in microtubes. The recovery of clotting ability of plasma from moribund shrimp was due to the reformation of coagulogen (200 kDa) after adding the two clotting factors as shown on CIE and SDS‐PAGE gels. The present results suggest that the infection of V. harveyi in white shrimp may not only degrade coagulogen but also influence the presence of transglutaminase and Ca²⁺ ion.     

ESP值和黏粒含量对土壤表面封闭作用的影响

降雨导致土壤表面结皮形成封闭是自然现象,它能降低土壤入渗,增加土表径流,导致土壤侵蚀。该文系统地研究了不同性质土壤表面的封闭作用过程,分别确定封闭过程中的物理机械作用和化学作用。试验采用了具有不同土壤交换性钠百分率(ESP)值(2、5、10、20)和黏粒含量(10％、20％、40％、60％)的4种土壤进行降雨模拟试验,通过土壤表面播撒磷石膏(PG)(2000 kg/hm²)和PG与聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)(PG 2000 kg/hm²+PAM 20 kg/hm²)混合物的处理,分别抑制了土壤的化学封闭和物理封闭,论述了ESP值和黏粒含量对土壤化学封闭和物理封闭作用的影响,结果表明：在高ESP值土壤中,化学封闭作用占土壤封闭的主导作用;低ESP值土壤中,土壤的物理封闭作用增大。当黏粒含量较低时,土壤物理封闭作用较低;当黏粒含量较大时,土壤物理封闭作用显著增大。     

基于投影寻踪原理的云南旱灾评估

为了能够对复杂的干旱灾害系统进行灾后评估,反映云南旱灾灾后综合损失,为云南防旱抗旱减灾策略提供理论依据。以云南1950-2009年的旱灾受灾、成灾面积,粮食损失为评价指标,采用投影寻踪法得到分级评估后的综合评价指标。计算结果表明：云南是一个干旱灾害频发且严重的省份,平均2.3年就会出现一次比较严重的旱灾,60年来重大灾害以上发生频次和旱灾损失程度不断上升,给云南经济社会带来了巨大影响,特别是2000年以来的10年期间,发生重大灾害以上次数高达9次,其中重大灾害1次,特大灾害8次。     

论幼林的抚育管护

介绍幼林抚育管理的重要性,从松土除草、水肥管理、林木抚育、幼林补植与保护等方面总结其措施,以期提高造林成活率。