小麦新品种(系)对麦红吸浆虫抗性的鉴定与分析

为了寻找抗吸浆虫的小麦品种或种质材料,采用田间自然鉴定法鉴定了90份小麦新品种(系)对麦红吸浆虫的抗性,结果表明,不同小麦品种(系)对麦红吸浆虫具有明显的抗性差异。对各种类型的材料分析表明,对麦红吸浆虫表现高抗、中抗、低抗、感虫类型的小麦品种(系)分别占参试品种(系)的4.44%、15.56%、61.11%、18.89%。不同小麦品种(系)具有不同的抗虫性,其单穗虫数、穗被害率、粒被害率、损失率、抗性指数均有较大差异。其中表现高抗的品种(系)有4个,表现中抗的有18个,这些品种(系)可作为抗麦红吸浆虫的主栽和后备品种,或作为亲本材料提供给生产和育种利用。     

糠醛渣改良土壤增强苕子对盐碱土的适应性

科学合理的盐碱土改良措施对植物在盐碱土上适应性栽培具有重要的科学意义与应用价值。该研究旨在通过施用糠醛渣探讨盐碱土土壤特性及植物生长适应性栽培研究,为糠醛渣在盐碱土的合理使用提供科学依据。试验按土壤质量为基数确定糠醛渣的用量,试验由添加量0、5%、10%糠醛渣的盐碱土3个处理组成,温室条件下进行盆栽试验。结果表明,施用糠醛渣不仅降低盐碱土pH和含盐量,而且显著提升了土壤微生物多样性Sobs和Shannon指数,降低了simpson指数降低。主要表现在变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)成为优势菌门。施用糠醛渣增加了苕子叶片中叶绿素、可溶性糖含量和脯氨酸含量。显著增强了过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性。施用糠醛渣明显促进苕子生长发育,增加了苕子苗期生物量,5%糠醛渣用量处理改良盐碱土效果较优。研究表明糠醛渣通过改善盐碱土的其理化特性及生物多样性分布,促进苕子的生长发育,研究为糠醛渣在盐碱地土壤改良及植物适应性栽培的合理应用提供了科学依据与参考。     

对虾养殖生态环境的研究现状和展望

依据近几年的有关参考文献对有关对虾生态环境的研究成果及存在的问题进行了评述。从生态学方面阐述了对虾养殖生态系统的特点,提出对虾养殖生态环境中理化因子的研究应该更注意与生物及微生物因子的结合。     

胶州湾北部沿岸浮游植物生态特征的研究

根据1998年4月中旬～10月中旬胶州湾北部的调查结果,共检出浮游植物26属56种,其中硅藻23属50种,甲藻3属6种。浮游植物数量的峰值出现在4月中旬和9月下旬,其均值分别为15115.5×103cell／m3和133315．1×103cell／m3,最低值出现在6～7月。加氏星杆藻、中肋骨条藻和浮动弯角藻曾在该海区形成优势种。     

卧螺离心机在餐饮行业废水处理中的工艺研究

指出了餐饮行业产生的废水（泔水）可以作为一种资源被回收利用,探讨了通过工艺上的改进,采用卧螺离心机对泔水进行规模化分离处理,达到高效分离的目的,从而使泔水得到＂资源化＂的分类处理。     

Factors influencing the survivorship of the burrowing nematode,Radopholus similis (Cobb.) Thorne in two types of soil from banana plantations in Martinique

The burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis (Cobb.) Thorne, causes the most damage to bananas. To minimize nematicide applications, cropping systems that use fallow, crop rotation and clean planting material have been developed in the French West Indies. In order to optimize the benefit of the intercropping period, we studied the survivorship of R. similis in different soil types and conditions. We monitored the survivorship of calibrated populations of R. similis in the laboratory on a Nitisol and on an Andosol, two soils derived from volcanic ashes and pumices. We studied water potentials ranging from 0 to ?700 kPa on undisturbed soil and on soil previously frozen to get rid of living nematodes. Mortality of adult R. similis decreased regularly, and was fairly well described by Teissier's model. In the previously frozen soils, R. similis survived longer in wet soils (half-life of 21–46 days at 0 to ?5 kPa) than in dry soils (half-life of less than 10 days between ?80 and ?250 kPa). In contrast, in undisturbed soils, R. similis survived longer in dry soils: half-lives ranged from 57 days at ?273 kPa to 17 days at water saturation in the Andosol, and 36 days at ?660 kPa to 14 days at water saturation in the Nitisol. These results are consistent with the absence of anhydrobiosis in R. similis, unlike Pratylenchus coffeae. P. coffeae survivorship curves over time do not follow a model derived from exponential decrease like Teissier's model. These results also show that the recommended one year host-free period required to sanitize soils cannot be shortened without risk, even if flooding the soil could improve it.     

Iron and zinc accumulation in winter wheat regulated by NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE responded to increasing nitrogen levels

Nitrogen (N) is critical for micronutrient biofortification in wheat grain and is essential for a series of nitrogenous compounds biosynthesis. This study aims to assess the role of improved N supply in iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) enrichment and expression of genes related to Zn and Fe chelation and transport in winter wheat. Potting and hydroponic culture experiments were conducted to study the effect of increasing N application on Zn and Fe uptake and translocation from roots to leaves and the temporal and spatial gene expression profiles of the NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE (NAS) genes in wheat. Plants were grown with low, medium and high N supply levels. The results showed that higher N application increased Fe and Zn content in leaves, and decreased Fe and Zn content in root compared with the lower N supply. High N application also increased the distribution of Fe and Zn from roots to leaves. Expression analysis showed that increased N application resulted in up-regulation of two wheat NAS genes, TaNAS1 and TaNAS2. Highly positive response between NAS genes and increasing N application indicated that abundance nicotianamine (NA) resulted from highly expressed NAS genes might involve in the chelation of Fe and Zn in the phloem and favor Fe and Zn uptake and accumulation in wheat leaves.     

辽宁省大连市深松整地机械技术规范

介绍辽宁大连地区的几种深松机具的使用特点,操作要点以及使用注意事项。     

朴实无华写丰碑——专访山东鲁西兽药股份有限公司总经理刘长德

作为一本专业的饲料杂志刊登一篇采访兽药企业掌门人的文章,编辑本是有一些小小的迟疑的,但是换一个角度想,既然是采访企业领导者,不管他经营的是什么,企业运营、市场开拓等方面总有相通之处,况且兽药行业与饲料业也同属农牧业产业链条上的一环,这么算来,我们的采访应该也说得上顺理成章了,所以我们采录了这篇文章,以飨读者。