无菌松材线虫对10年生黑松致病性的研究

2001年9月,用无菌的松材线虫对10年生黑松进行接种.2002年8月,检查黑松发病情况,并对接种的松树进行线虫和细菌的再分离.试验发现:接种的8株黑松11个月后仍有5株表现正常,没有出现任何症状,而从其木质部却能分离到数量较多的无菌松材线虫.结果说明:无菌的松材线虫虽然能侵入松树木质部,但在不携带细菌的情况下对松树是没有致病力的.     

6种白腐菌腐朽前后的山杨木材酚酸种类和含量变化的高效液相色谱分析

研究阔叶树上的6种木材白腐菌火木层孔菌、粗毛盖菌、偏肿拟栓菌、三色革裥菌、冬拟多孔菌和血红密孔菌对山杨材腐朽前后木材中游离酚酸种类和含量的变化情况.结果表明:受6种白腐菌腐朽后的山杨木材中酚酸的种类和含量各不相同,在山杨材被分解120 d后,偏肿拟栓菌、三色革裥菌、血红密孔菌和冬拟多孔菌的9种游离酚酸总含量远大于粗毛盖菌和火木层孔菌的9种游离酚酸总含量,表明前4种对木质素分解能力较强的菌种获得了较高含量的酚酸;但从9种游离酚酸总的含量上看,与各菌种对木材和木质素的分解百分率不尽相同,初步分析的原因表明在木质素被分解的过程中除了有这9种游离酚酸产生以外,可能还会产生其他的游离酚酸以及苯环二聚体、三聚体和各种寡聚体以及杂环的形式,所有这些苯环结构总体造成了对木质素分解百分率的差异. 对9种酚酸进行分析测试,只构成对木质素分解的一部分,不足以用来解释对木质素的全部分解能力,其他的酚酸和游离酚酸以外的苯环结构还有待进一步研究分析测试;从各种游离酚酸单个含量上看,各种白腐菌的种类和含量都各不相同,表明不同白腐菌对同一木质纤维基质的分解途径、中间降解产物各不相同.另外,未腐朽的木材中本身就含有一些微量的酚酸成分,这些酚酸在生物分解过程中会降解和转化成其他成分, 是否有可能转化成其他种类的酚酸还有待进一步证明.     

Electroantennogram responses of Dendrolimus superans (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) to six volatiles of Larix gmelinii

Dendrolimus superans is one of the important pests feeding on the needles of Larix gmelinii. Six standard compounds, (1R)-(−)-α-pinene, (1S)-(−)-α-pinene, ocimene, (1S)-(−)-β-pinene, R(−)-α-phellandrene and camphene, the main volatiles of L. gmelinii were used to test the electroantennogram (EAG) responses of moths. The results show that the order of the EAG responses of moths to seven concentrations of these six compounds were as follows: mated females > virgin females > unmated males, except for 0.1 μL/μL R(−)-α-phellandrene, where the order was: virgin females > mated females > unmated males. There are statistically significant differences between the EAG responses of virgin females and unmated males (p < 0.05), and also between mated females with virgin females and mated females and unmated males (p < 0.01), which suggests that the mated females are more sensitive to the volatiles of host plant. The results of EAG responses of the mated females, virgin females and unmated males indicate that they are more sensitive to R(−)-α-phellandrene than to the other volatile components. The active time for the EAG responses of both mated females and unmated males occurs during the night, i.e., from 20:00 to 04:00 hours. This is consistent with their eclosion, mating and oviposition periods. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2007, 43(7): 55–60 [译自:林业科学]     

防沙治沙技术对策的探讨

20 0 2年 1 0月 ,世界银行执行委员会通过了新的林业政策与战略 ,旨在保护发展中国家的环境的同时 ,改善以林为生的 5亿极端贫困的居民的生活。委员会强调实现环境保护和努力帮助穷人经营资源二者平衡的重要性。新的林业政策和战略覆盖了所有的森林类型 ,立足于以下 3个同等重要而又相互依赖的方面 :1保护森林提供当地和全球的环境服务和价值 ;2发挥森林的潜力 ,减少贫困 ;3将森林纳入经济可持续发展之中。新政策将努力在发展中国家增加 8%的保护区面积 ,并在这些林区执行严格的采伐禁令。另外 ,通过安排保护区外林区居民的再就业 ,努力改善…     

寄生小蜂对小青×黑杨树皮及杨圆蚧挥发油的行为反应

Four-armed airflow olfactometer was used to determining the foraging behavior ofPteroptrix longgiclava (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) andEncarsia gigas (Tshumakova) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) to the essential oils which emitted from the healthy bark ofPopulus pseudo-simonii×P. nigra, the infested bark injured byQuadraspidiotus gigas (Thiem & Gerneck), the body and scale of fixed 1st-instar-nymph ofQ. gigas. The results from these experiments showed that the volatile oils produced from the injured bark and from the scale of fixed 1st-instar-nymph had a higher attractive ability to female adults of the two species of wasps. The essential oil produced from the scale of the pest at dosages of 3–7 μL and the essential oil emitted by injured bark at dosages of 5–9 μL had a stronger alluring effect on the host searching behavior ofPteroptrix longgiclava. The essential oil from the body of fixed 1st-instar-nymph ofQ. gigas also had certain effect on the host locating effort ofPteroptrix longgiclava andEncarsia gigas. Those two wasps did not shown any reaction to the essential oil produced by the healthy bark of poplar. Foundation item: This paper was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (39970620) and the “TRAPOYT” Biography: CHI De-fu (1962-), male, Ph.D., Professor in Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P.R. China Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai     

燃油锅炉房设计的探讨

本文介绍了燃油锅炉的自身特点,替代燃煤锅炉的优越性,探讨了燃油锅炉设计中应严格执行规范规定以及应注意的几个问题,阐明燃油锅炉设计将为暖通设计开辟新的领域。     

青杨脊虎天牛对13种植物挥发物的电生理及行为反应

测定青杨脊虎天牛雌、雄成虫对13种植物挥发物的电生理和行为反应.结果表明:丁香酚、2-苯乙醇、糠醛、柠檬烯、月桂烯5种挥发物在最大浓度下(1 mol·L-1)均能引起雌雄成虫强烈的触角电位反应(P＜0.01);行为反应测试表明:柠檬烯在高于或等于10- mol·L-1的浓度时对雌虫均有引诱作用(P＜0.01),在1和10-1 mol·L-1浓度下能够引诱雄虫(P＜0.01);丁香酚于10-1和10-1 mol·L-1浓度下对雌、雄成虫均有引诱作用(P＜0.01);2-苯乙醇在10-1和10-2 mol·L-1浓度下均能引诱雌、雄成虫(P＜0.01);浓度为1和10-1 mol·L-1的糠醛对雌、雄成虫产生驱避作用(P＜0.01);月桂烯只在10-1 mol·L-1 浓度下对雌、雄成虫有引诱作用(P＜0.01);其他挥发物对青杨脊虎天牛均无明显定向作用.     

The natural regeneration pattern and process of Korean pine population under natural Poplar-birch forest in Xiaoxing’an Mountains

According to a great deal of field investigation and detailed indoor analysis, the natural regeneration pattern and process of Korean pine population under natural Poplar-birch forest has been uncovered. The results show that the regeneration quantity and quality of Korean pine population under mountainous Poplar-birch forest and mountainous white birch forest are better than those under valley moss-grass White Birch forest and virgin broad-leaved Korean pine forest. Korean pine population shows aggregated distribution, the mass-occurrence period of Korean pine population is behind the mass-occurrence period of Poplar-birch population. Various aged Korean pines growth is affected by different stand structure factors. Man-made lighting tending can accelerate the regeneration process and increase the regeneration quality of Korean pine population. It is feasible to set up regeneration recombination of upper layer White Birch and lower layer Korean pines.     

寓建筑美于自然美之中——浅析退思园的造园艺术特色

退思园为苏州同里的一座光绪年间的私家文人园林,占地五亩,通过因地制宜的处理使其空间布局紧凑而不失疏朗.全园以水为中心,建筑全部临水而建,被著名造园学家陈从周先生誉为"贴水园".退思园全园建筑精巧,风格简朴淡雅,尤其表现在建筑与其他园林景素关系的处理上.     

基于K_means硬聚类算法的葡萄病害彩色图像分割方法

为了提高植物病害图像的分割精度与效果,根据植物病害症状及图像的特点,提出了一种基于K_means硬聚类算法（HCM）的葡萄病害彩色图像非监督性分割处理方法。该方法是在L*a*b*颜色空间模式下利用ab二维数据空间的颜色差异,以平方欧式距离作为像素间的相似度距离、以均方差作为聚类准则函数对颜色进行二分类聚类,并通过数学形态学运算对聚类结果进行校正。利用该方法对3种葡萄病害彩色图像进行分割的结果表明,该方法能够较为准确地将病斑区域从彩色图像中分割出来,对葡萄病害彩色图像的分割处理比较理想,鲁棒性好,分割准确率