克伦特罗缓释药囊的制备,体外释药及对育肥猪生产性能的影响

选用可生物降的白氨酸，谷氨酸甲酯，谷氨酸三元聚物制成克伦特罗缓释药囊。体外释药研究所表明，药囊能保持长期缓慢恒速释药，释药速率随取合物中谷氨酸含量增多而增大，其中ＰＬＭＧＧ－２５的克伦特罗药囊释药时间为８０ｄ、稳态后每天释药量平均为１．２３ｍｇ／ｄ。     

利用CTC染色进行猪精子不同体外获能方法的比较

为了探讨不同方法对猪精子体外获能的影响,本试验以猪的新鲜精液为研究对象,分别经肝素上游法、钙离子载体诱导法和咖啡因诱导法进行精子不同获能时间的处理,并利用金霉素荧光染色法（chlortetracycline,CTC）对其获能效果进行检验。结果表明,采用肝素上游法孵育40 min处理后,精子的获能比例显著高于其他各处理组（P<0.05）,说明肝素上游法可以较好地诱发猪精子在体外获能。     

Potential of auxotrophic Edwardsiella tarda double-knockout mutant as a delivery vector for DNA vaccine in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

To evaluate potential of an auxotrophic Edwardsiella tarda mutant (Δalr Δasd E. tarda) as a delivery vehicle for DNA vaccine in fish, olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) were immunized with the E. tarda mutant harboring plasmids (pG02-ASD-CMV-eGFP) for eukaryotic expression of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene through either intraperitoneal (i.p.) or oral route, and the expression of eGFP in the internal organs and generation of antibody against eGFP in fish were analyzed. In fish i.p. injected with 2×10(7)CFU/fish of Δalr Δasd E. tarda harboring pG02-ASD-CMV-eGFP, expression of eGFP was detected in liver, kidney, and spleen from 1 day to 28 days post-injection. In fish orally administered with 1×10(9)CFU/fish of the bacteria, the eGFP band was detected in liver, kidney, and spleen from 1 day to 14 days post-administration, whereas, in intestine, the band was detected only at 1 day post-administration. Either oral or i.p. immunization of olive flounder with recombinant E. tarda that carried eGFP-expressing eukaryotic plasmids was successful to induce humoral adaptive immunity against not only E. tarda that was used as a delivery vehicle but also eGFP that was used as the reporter protein of DNA vaccine, suggesting attenuated E. tarda-vectored DNA vaccine has a potential to be used as a combined vaccine against infectious diseases in fish.     

Seroprevalence of subtype H3 influenza A virus in South Korean cats

To investigate the potential transmission of subtype H3 influenza virus to cats, a serological survey was carried out in South Korea. Serum samples (n = 1027) were obtained from 809 pet cats and 218 domesticated cats living in urban colonies (D-cats) from 2008 to 2010, and tested using an influenza anti-nucleoprotein (NP)-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, which was recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health. Anti-influenza virus antibodies were detected in 3.12% and 2.43% of cat sera tested using the NP-specific ELISA and HI test, respectively. Anti-H3 antibodies were also identified when the HI assay was used for influenza virus serotyping. These data may indicate the sporadic transmission of subtype H3 influenza virus from other infected species to cats in South Korea.     

肝龙胶囊联合水飞蓟宾胶囊对肝纤维化大鼠的治疗作用

观察肝龙胶囊联合水飞蓟宾胶囊对肝纤维化大鼠的治疗效果,探讨肝龙胶囊是否对水飞蓟宾胶囊抗肝纤维化具有增效的作用。用猪血清制备大鼠肝纤维化模型,水飞蓟宾胶囊临床给药剂量单用及联合不同剂量肝龙胶囊处理肝纤维化大鼠,通过试剂盒及酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测大鼠血清和肝组织内肝纤维化标志物透明质酸(hyaluronic acid,HA)、层黏素(laminin,LN)、血清Ⅲ型前胶原氨基端肽(procollagenⅢN-termi,PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(typeⅣcollagen,Ⅳ-C)及转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β1)、Ⅰ型胶原(collagen typeⅠ,Col-Ⅰ)的含量,以及肝脏内丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、谷草转氨酶(glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase,AST)、谷丙转氨酶(Cereal third transaminase,ALT)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-glutamyl transpeptidase,γ-GT)的含量。与模型组比较,各治疗组中大鼠血清肝纤维化标志物的含量均低于模型组(P<0.05);肝龙胶囊与水飞蓟素联合用药与单用水飞蓟宾组相比,可使大鼠血清内HA和TGF-β1的含量显著降低(P<0.05);大鼠肝脏组织中除PCⅢ外,其余血清肝纤维化标志物的含量治疗组均低于模型组。肝组织中的γ-GT和ALT高剂量联合给药组显著降低,AST无显著差异,MDA中剂量联合给药组显著升高。说明肝龙胶囊可增强水飞蓟宾胶囊对猪血清性肝纤维化大鼠的抗肝纤维化作用。     

成年母牛体况评分及其影响因素分析

体况评分(BCS)是评价奶牛饲养效果好坏、营养代谢正常与否的标志,也是奶牛健康与否的标志之一。体况评分为制订下一阶段的饲养管理措施提供重要依据,同时也受到很多因素的影响。本文旨在研究不同胎次、干奶期、泌乳期、不同的泌乳阶段等影响因素对奶牛体况评分的影响。测定本场2009年3月共219头胎次在0～6胎的中国荷斯坦奶牛体况评分,应用SPSS15.0软件对不同胎次、干奶期、泌乳期、不同的泌乳阶段等影响因素对奶牛体况评分的影响加以分析。结果表明:胎次对奶牛BCS的影响不显著(p0.05);干奶期和泌乳期对奶牛BCS的影响极显著(p0.01);泌乳阶段对BCS的影响极显著(p0.01)。因此提示在实际的生产中应灵活调控各影响因素对体况评分的影响,提高母牛生产性能。     

Development of Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Immunoassay Detection Method for Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus

In this article, through the combination of nucleic acid probes and immune chromatography, a simple, sensitive and specific detection system——nucleic acid lateral flow immunoassay (NALFIA) for amplifing foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 3D RT-PCR products was established.An ultrasensitive nucleic acid biosensor (NAB) based on streptavidin-labeled gold nanoparticles dual labels and lateral flow strip biosensor (LFSB) were used in this system.The biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG was marked to the NC membrane as the alleged strip and the anti-digoxin antibody was labeled to the NC membrane to capture the digoxin probe.After assemblying gold-labeled strip and detecting RT-PCR products, the detection limit of NALFIA was 0.3×10^-3 to 3×10^-3 μg/μL.The NALFIA was compared with agar gel electrophoresis analysis, the results showed that the sensitivity of NALFIA was higher than agar gel electrophoresis.There was an excellent agreement between the two methods.NALFIA was a method with high sensitive, low cost and short time.In conclusion, this method provided a good alternative to detect FMDV.     

利用生物信息学方法预测家蚕核型多角体病毒基因组编码的miRNA

microRNAs(miRNAs)是长度为18～25 nt的非蛋白质编码小RNA分子,可以通过抑制有关基因mRNA的翻译从而调控机体的生长发育、疾病发生等过程。在很多病毒中发现有miRNA的存在,这些miRNA可能在病毒基因的表达以及与宿主的相互作用中发挥作用。利用vMir软件预测家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)基因组可能编码的miRNA前体序列,对BmNPV基因组扫描分析后,得到7条能形成发夹结构的可能是miRNA的候选前体序列。以BmNPV添食感染5龄起蚕,72 h后取幼虫血淋巴提取总RNA,对这7条序列进行反转录PCR验证,其中扩增出的5条序列在BmNPV基因组中有相同的序列,推测这5条序列为BmNPV基因组编码的miRNA前体序列。进一步分析5条miRNA前体序列的发夹结构,并用反转录PCR的方法验证其成熟体序列,结果在5条miRNA前体序列共扩增出6条在BmNPV基因组中有相同序列的成熟体序列,它们分别位于不同的ORF之间,是BmNPV基因组编码的miRNA。利用在线靶基因预测程序RNAhybrid和RNA22预测到6条miRNA在BmNPV中的13个可能的靶基因,其中有6个靶基因是病毒的结构蛋白基因,2个为晚期表达因子基因,5个为未知功能基因。推测这些BmNPV基因组编码的miRNA可能与病毒感染宿主有关。     

有机硒对雄性昆明小鼠繁殖性能影响的研究

将试验小白鼠随机分为6组,对照组(0.15 mg/kg)、缺硒组(0.01 mg/kg)、低硒组(0.16 mg/kg)、中硒组(0.31 mg/kg)和高硒组(0.61 mg/kg),试验鼠自由采食。待成功建立缺硒及各剂量组动物模型后,测定试验鼠肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和雄性小鼠繁殖性能的指标(精液品质—畸形率、顶体反应、渗透性)。试验结果显示,在第9周末成功建立缺硒动物模型;补硒各组的生殖脏器指数与对照组间无显著差异,但与缺硒组差异显著或极显著;缺硒组精子活力仅23.1%±2.3%,精子畸形率达57.9%±0.3%,顶体完整率仅47.0%±6.3%,低渗膨胀率为43.8%±2.1%,产仔率为0,均与其它各组差异极显著;补硒组精子活力和活率均有加强,且除低渗膨胀率外,其它繁殖指标均与对照组差异显著或极显著。缺硒导致雄性小鼠生长受阻及繁殖性能降低,含硒化合物,尤其是有机硒化合物有增强繁殖性能的作用,且安全剂量范围内的高剂量组的促进作用更为明显。     

祁连山自然保护区人口变化及其对森林草原的影响

以甘肃省肃南县和天祝县为例,研究了祁连山自然保护区人口变化及其对森林草原的影响。结果表明,1949-2009年,天祝和肃南两县人口由7.7万余人增加到25.3万余人。伴随着人口的增长,两县保护区内耕地面积从20世纪50年代初的2.3万hm2增至1999年的4.38万hm2,随后降至2008年底的4.1万hm2。目前两县草地退化面积达129.2万hm2,前山区土地荒漠化面积49.6万hm2,水土流失面积88.33万hm2。鉴于此,本文提出了祁连山自然保护区退化森林草原的恢复策略,包括正确的人口政策,实施生态移民工程,减少保护区内人口数量,和降低农牧业生产活动。