不同种类牧草对山羊瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸变化规律的研究

研究山羊瘤胃内放入装有不同种类牧草的尼龙袋后,瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸浓度的动态变化规律。选用带有瘤胃瘘管的山羊为实验动物,结合尼龙袋法测定3类牧草在山羊瘤胃中的挥发性脂肪酸浓度。结果表明,添加装有不同牧草的尼龙袋后,山羊瘤胃乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）浓度及乙酸／丙酸值均呈先上升后下降的规律,并在4h达到峰值,其中乙酸浓度约为70．49％、丙酸浓度约为15．38％,瘤胃的发酵类型总体上偏向于乙酸-丙酸型．3类牧草均适用于山羊的科学饲养。由此可见,添加装有不同种类牧草的尼龙袋均会对山羊瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸产生影响,其原因主要与原料的蛋白质含量有关。     

藏系绵羊源沙门菌和产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌的分离与PCR鉴定

为研究外观健康藏系绵羊携带沙门菌和产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌情况,对采自外观健康藏系绵羊的19份肛门拭子进行大肠埃希菌和沙门菌分离鉴定.用选择性培养基及普通PCR方法共分离鉴定出1株沙门菌和13株大肠埃希菌,其中产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌4株,3株含有产志贺毒素基因Stx 1,1株含有产志贺毒素基因Stx 2,沙门菌invA基因和产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌Stx基因同源性分析表明,分离株沙门菌的invA与NCBI上已登录的5种血清型沙门菌核苷酸序列同源性为99.8％,4株产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌与NCBI上已登录菌株的核苷酸序列同源性都大于95％.本研究结果为高原地区藏系绵羊源沙门菌和产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌的流行病学调查奠定了基础.     

Glutathione content of in vivo and in vitro matured canine oocytes collected from different reproductive stages

Glutathione (GSH) concentrations of oocytes are considered as an important marker of the cytoplasmic maturation. The present study was designed to compare GSH concentrations of in vivo and in vitro matured canine oocytes. In vivo matured oocytes were collected 72 hr after ovulation by flushing fallopian tubes after laparotomy. Ovaries were collected from bitches with different reproductive stages, and collected oocytes were divided into 2 groups according to the size viz. < 120 microm and > 120 microm in diameter and cultured for 72 hr in Tissue Culture Medium-199 supplemented with 10% FBS, 2.2 mg/ml sodium bicarbonate, 2.0 microg/ml estrogen, 0.5 microg/ml FSH, 0.03 IU/ml hCG, and 1% penicillin-streptomycin solution in the presence or absence of 50 microM beta-mercaptoethanol. GSH concentrations were determined by the dithionitrobenzoic acid-glutathione disulfide (DTNB-GSSG) reductase recycling assay. GSH concentrations of immature canine oocytes were 2.9 and 3.8, 3.5 and 6.8, and 3.1 and 6.5 pM/oocyte for < 120 microm and > 120 microm in diameter oocyte groups at anestrous, follicular and luteal stage, respectively (P<0.05). In vivo matured oocytes had significantly higher GSH concentrations compared with in vitro matured oocytes. The GSH content was 19.2 pM/oocyte for in vivo matured oocytes, while 4.1 to 8.1 and 5.7 to 13.2 pM/oocyte for in vitro matured oocytes cultured in the absence or presence of beta-mercaptoethanol, respectively (P<0.05). Presence of beta-mercaptoethanol increased GSH synthesis in canine oocytes cultured in vitro, and oocytes collected from follicular and luteal stage was superior to anestrus oocytes.     

西北干旱灌区紫花苜蓿高产田施肥效应及推荐施肥量研究

为揭示紫花苜蓿氮、磷、钾肥效应,采用“3414”不完全正交回归设计,对紫花苜蓿氮、磷、钾肥合理配比施肥效应进行研究,同时对紫花苜蓿产量及蛋白总量进行肥效模型拟合。结果表明,氮、磷、钾对建植2年苜蓿产量的贡献为钾>磷>氮,对建植3年苜蓿产量的贡献为磷>钾>氮,建植2与3年苜蓿交互效应均表现为氮磷>氮钾>磷钾。氮、磷、钾对建植2年苜蓿蛋白总量的贡献为氮>钾>磷,对建植3年苜蓿蛋白总量的贡献为氮>磷>钾。建植2年苜蓿氮磷肥互作效应明显优于氮钾、磷钾互作;建植3年苜蓿氮磷、氮钾交互对苜蓿蛋白总量的增产效果明显大于磷钾交互。采用频度分析法,通过模拟寻优,得出建植2年紫花苜蓿目标产量大于平均产量17522kg·hm^-2时,优化施肥量为氮56.27~67.51kg·hm^-2、磷77.69~90.48kg·hm^-2、钾76.43~87.18kg·hm^-2;建植3年紫花苜蓿目标产量大于平均产量19234.1kg·hm^-2时,优化施肥量为氮46.75~57.66kg·hm^-2、磷80.15~92.28kg·hm^-2、钾57.79~69.74kg·hm^-2;建植2年紫花苜蓿目标蛋白总量大于平均2115kg·hm^-2时,优化施肥量为氮66.35~77.48kg·hm^-2、磷79.34~92.87kg·hm^-2、钾73.68~85.38kg·hm^-2;建植3年紫花苜蓿目标蛋白总量大于平均2656kg·hm^-2时,优化施肥量为氮68.44~79.50kg·hm^-2、磷72.74~85.96kg·hm^-2、钾50.68~61.61kg·hm^-2。     

用RAPD标记分析高羊茅的遗传多样性

采用RAPD分子标记技术对从国外引进的15个高羊茅品种的遗传多样性进行了研究。从60个随机引物中筛选出12个有效引物,它们共扩增出85条DNA带,其中59条为多态性带,占69.41%,平均每个引物扩增出多态性带4.92条;利用NTSYS-PC软件计算出的不同品种间Jaccard遗传相似系数(GS)变化范围较大,为0.373~0.932;根据得到的遗传相似性矩阵进行非加权组法(UPGMA)聚类分析,建立高羊茅品种的分子系统树状图;以相似系数0.68为标准,可将所有品种分为3类,品种翠丽和贝克各自聚为一类,其余13个品种聚成一类。     

鄱阳湖区血吸虫病流行病学调查与疫情分析

为了调查湖区血吸虫病流行环境与传染源构比,找出主要传染源、传播途径和场所,进一步揭示流行规律,为制定血防对策提供依据.调查范围为鄱阳县及两乡四村.结果,草洲钉螺占99.4%,90%以上牛上洲放牧,人粪流放率31%,其中渔民78%,牛粪流放率78%,其中64%直接污染草洲水体,野粪构比中牛占92.8%,传播粪量牛占98.85%,人占0.96%,其中渔民占0.12%.结论认为湖区疫情重,主要传染源是牛,主要感染途径是接触疫水,疫水形成的主因是牛上洲放牧,主要感染场所是草洲及周边水体.增加血防投入,稳定队伍,实施查治病和＂四个突破＂为主体的防治策略,控制畜源性传染源,净化环境与草洲,切断传播途径,才能有效控制血吸虫病.     

Comparative study on calretinin immunoreactivity in gerbil and rat retina

Expression of calretinin in retina has been ascribed to multiple biological and functional aspects in the visual system. In this study, we examined the distribution patterns of calretinin immunoreactivity in gerbil and rat retina. In the gerbil, calretinin immunoreactivity was present in bipolar and amacrine cells of the inner nuclear layer and in neurones of the ganglion cell layer. In the rat, amacrine and ganglion cells showed calretinin immunoreactivity, but bipolar cells did not contain calretinin immunoreactivity. In both species, calretinin immunoreactivity was absent in cones, cone bipolars, and horizontal cells. In conclusion, gerbil as well as rat has a rod-dominant retina. The differences in calretinin expression between rat and gerbil require further investigations under various functional and developmental conditions.     

猪细小病毒NS基因原核表达与多克隆抗体制备

旨在制备抗猪细小病毒(PPV)非结构蛋白共有氨基酸的NS多肽多克隆抗体。根据GenBank(MK993540)公布的PPV基因组序列,克隆其非结构蛋白NS1、NS2共有基因序列(NS基因),并进行生物信息学分析。进而将NS基因克隆至原核表达载体pET-32a,构建重组质粒pET-32a-NS,转化至大肠埃希菌Rosetta(DE3)中进行诱导表达,利用镍柱亲和层析技术纯化表达的重组多肽,用重组多肽免疫Balb/c小鼠制备多克隆抗体。结果显示,PPV杨凌株NS基因长258bp,编码86个氨基酸的多肽,是具有亲水性的非跨膜NS多肽,具有大量的B细胞线性表位。NS多肽在37℃、0.8mol/L IPTG条件下,诱导6h有大量的可溶性表达。免疫印迹试验结果显示,该多肽具有较好的抗原性。用纯化NS多肽免疫小鼠后获得鼠抗NS多肽的血清抗体效价为1∶12800。用制备的NS多克隆抗体检测纯化的NS重组多肽及真核表达的NS1蛋白,均能检测出相应特异性条带,为进一步研究NS蛋白在PPV致病过程中的作用奠定了基础。