热激法修饰瑞士乳杆菌的参数优化与特性研

采用不同热处理温度(67、70℃)与时间(10、15、20 s)对瑞士乳杆菌(Lactobacillus helveticus)进行热激修饰,研究处理前后与干酪加工相关的菌体特性.同时对热激修饰条件参数进行优化.研究结果表明,菌体经70℃、10 s热激处理后,菌体存活率、动态产酸能力、蛋白水解能力等指标符合热激要求,经修饰后的菌株适宜作为于酪促熟酶源.采用扫描电镜对细菌表面微观结构的观察结果表明.热激处理使菌体形态、膜表面发生明显改变,菌体表面发生萎缩、褶皱与底端溶解等变化.     

水稻种绳直播机对地表不平度的动态响

为了探索水稻种绳直播机对地表不平度激励的适应性,进行了动态模拟试验.根据样机的结构特点,设计了由角位移传感器、数据采集卡和计算机等构成的地表不平度检测系统.检测了由旋耕形成的原始地表不平度和经过种绳直播机作业后形成的地表不平度,应用Matlab软件对信号进行了时域和频域分析.应用等同法建立了系统的传递函数,分析了系统的动态特性.研究结果表明,由种绳直播机和土壤等构成的土壤-机器系统是一个具有一阶惯性特征的线性系统.系统的响应速度、频带宽度和覆土厚度等性能指标能够满足农业技术要求.     

基于Agent的同类机智能调度算法

研究了目标函数是最小化最大完成时间的同类机调度问题,且作业到达时间可能不同.此问题被证明是NP-hard问题.为此问题构建了一个基于Agent的智能调度算法ABH,使得机器具有一定的智能性,从而实现工厂调度的自动化.给出了用于调度的两类Agent的语义描述,进而给出ABH算法描述.大量随机数据实验结果表明,ABH算法性能明显优越于现有算法,其相对于最优解的平均误差收敛达0.084%.     

温室环境下黄瓜采摘机器人信息获取

研究基于近红外图像的黄瓜果实与茎叶的信息表达方法,有效实现了近色系生物信息的图像识别。分析了黄瓜采摘深度图像信息的特点,通过建立基于灰度相关与极线几何相结合的匹配策略实现了双目视觉下的黄瓜抓取点的立体匹配和三维重建。研究温室环境下不同时间光照强度变化特点,建立了光照分析模型,提高了不同光照条件下的导航线提取的适应性。试验表明机器人视觉系统能有效识别、定位果实的空间位置,定位误差控制在±5mm以内。     

一起人布鲁氏菌病的畜间流行病学调查

2021年5月,湖南省长沙市发生一起人布鲁氏菌病疫情,确诊病例有共同暴露史,均接触或食用同一养殖场的羊胎衣。为确定疫情源头,防止疫情蔓延,消除疫情传播风险,通过现场走访询问、实验室检测等方式,对人确诊病例的共同暴露养殖场开展了畜间流行病学调查。调查结果显示:该养殖场饲养的山羊为外地调入且未经检疫,调入后出现疑似布鲁氏菌病症状并死亡;经实验室检测,存栏山羊的布鲁氏菌抗体阳性率为89.66%;相关人员普遍缺乏布病认知,防范意识不足,存在徒手接触羊流产物等情况,以及有食用羊胎衣的习俗。调查认为,养殖户外购未经检疫的羊是本次疫情的源头,相关人员布病防护意识低,对布病缺乏认知,导致感染。疫情确诊后,当地兽医主管部门按规定对存栏羊群进行全部扑杀和无害化处理,对栏舍进行全面彻底清洗消毒,依法查处违规调运等行为,使疫情得到有效控制。本次疫情警示,需要严格落实动物检疫和调运监管制度,做好监测预警,深化健康教育,提高群众自我防护意识,逐步净化消灭布病。     

Xylan-rich hemicelluloses-graft-acrylic acid ionic hydrogels with rapid responses to pH, salt, and organic solvents

Exploitation of biomaterials derived from renewable resources is an important approach to address environmental and resource problems in the world today. In this paper, novel ionic hydrogels based on xylan-rich hemicelluloses were prepared by free radical graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and xylan-rich hemicelluloses (XH) by using N,N-methylene-bis(acrylamide) (MBA) as cross-linker and ammonium persulfate/N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (APS/TMEDA) as redox initiator system. The network characteristics of the ionic hydrogels were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as by determination of mechanical properties, swelling, and stimuli responses to pH, salts, and organic solvents. The results showed that an increase in the MBA/XH or AA/XH ratio resulted in higher cross-linking density of the network and thus decreased the swelling ratio. Expansion of the network hydrogels took place at high pH, whereas shrinkage occurred at low pH or in salt solutions as well as in organic solvents. The ionic hydrogels had high water adsorption capacity and showed rapid and multiple responses to pH, ions, and organic solvents, which may allow their use in several areas such as adsorption, separation, and drug release systems.     

自动观测与人工观测土壤温度差异及分析

利用我国基本(准)站在人工观测与自动观测双轨运行期间的平行观测资料,分析了不同观测方式下各层土壤温度的差异.结果表明,全国平均自动与人工观测各层土壤温度的日对比差值均在0.11℃以下,且日对比差值随着深度的增加而减小.从5 cm到320 cm,无论冬季还是夏季,全国绝大部分地区平均对比差值在±0.2℃之间.由浅至深各层土壤温度日对比差值的标准差从0.78℃减小至0.47℃,其不确定度在5～ 20 cm时均超过了1.0℃,但在深层(40 cm及以下),不确定度已经低于1.0℃.除极个别站外,各层自动与人工观测日平均值无显著性差异.自动与人工观测土壤温度的差异主要是由于土壤中水平温度场分布非均匀和土壤垂直温度梯度很大及对比观测时间不同步造成的.     

Molecular characterization and PCR detection of a nitrogen-fixing Pseudomonas strain promoting rice growth

Nitrogen-fixing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from the genus Pseudomonas have received little attention so far. In the present study, a nitrogen-fixing phytohormone-producing bacterial isolate from kallar grass (strain K1) was identified as Pseudomonas sp. by rrs (16S ribosomal RNA gene) sequence analysis. rrs identity level was high with an uncharacterized marine bacterium (99%), Pseudomonas sp. PCP2 (98%), uncultured bacteria (98%), and Pseudomonas alcaligenes (97%). Partial nifH gene amplified from strain K1 showed 93% and 91% sequence similarities to those of Azotobacter chroococcum and Pseudomonas stutzeri, respectively. The effect of Pseudomonas strain K1 on rice varieties Super Basmati and Basmati 385 was compared with those of three non-Pseudomonas nitrogen-fixing PGPR (Azospirillum brasilense strain Wb3, Azospirillum lipoferum strain N4 and Zoogloea strain Ky1) used as single-strain inoculants. Pseudomonas sp. K1 was detected in the rhizosphere of inoculated plants by enrichment culture in nitrogen-free growth medium, which was followed by observation under the microscope as well as by PCR using a rrs-specific primer. For both rice varieties, an increase in shoot biomass and/or grain yield over that of noninoculated control plants was recorded in each inoculated treatment. The effect of Pseudomonas strain K1 on grain yield was comparable to those of A. brasilense Wb3 and Zoogloea sp. Ky1 for both rice varieties. These results show that nitrogen-fixing pseudomonads deserve attention as potential PGPR inoculants for rice.     

仙客来栽培研究进展

主要从生物学特性、环境调控、激素调控等几方面对国内外仙客来栽培方面的研究情况进行了综述,同时对研究中存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了今后的研究方向和思路。     

低磷胁迫对不同基因型小麦品种苗期性状的影响

为研究低磷胁迫对小麦苗期性状的影响,在对照(200 μmol/L KH2PO4)和低磷(5 μmol/L KH2PO4)条件下比较了6个不同基因型小麦品种苗期性状指标。结果表明,小麦根系和地上部对低磷胁迫的反应不同,低磷诱导小麦根系伸长,根系生物量（根鲜重和根干重）增加,供试的6个小麦品种在低磷条件下的根系鲜重和干重与对照相比差异均达到显著或极显著水平。低磷处理对地上部则表现出抑制作用,但对不同品种的影响程度差异较大。总体来看,低磷胁迫处理对小麦根系性状的影响大于地上部性状,不同苗期性状受低磷胁迫影响的程度分别为：根系鲜重>最长根长>根系干重>地上部鲜重>地上部干重>苗长。6个供试小麦品种中,‘中国春’对低磷胁迫最为敏感,而‘京411’的耐低磷性相对较强。