大孔吸附树脂纯化生姜提取物中6-姜酚工艺优化

比较了6种大孔吸附树脂对6-姜酚的吸附和解吸性能,在静态吸附研究基础上筛选出效果较好的树脂进行动态试验,并通过HPLC-UV和GC-MS对纯化前、后的成分进行了定性和定量分析。结果表明:D101型大孔树脂更适合纯化姜油树脂中的6-姜酚,其纯化的最佳工艺条件为:上样液质量浓度2 mg/mL,流速2 mL/min,3 BV去离子水洗脱,然后用体积分数80%乙醇以2 mL/min的流速洗脱4 BV,可以使6-姜酚的纯度从1.54%提高到71.32%。     

堆肥预处理对松木屑厌氧发酵的影响

针对目前针叶类林木松树厌氧发酵前预处理效果差、成本高的问题,在添加食品废弃物的条件下,研究好氧堆肥方法对松木屑(6.35 mm、9.53 mm和12.70 mm)和食品废弃物混合物料的预处理效果,以及对后续干式厌氧发酵过程的影响。研究结果表明,好氧堆肥过程对松木屑的预处理效果明显,但随着松木屑粒径的增大预处理效果降低;经堆肥预处理后物料的厌氧发酵原料的VS产气率均维持在199~215 L/kg范围内,约为未预处理组的1.4倍,而且发酵后物料中的VFA总量均维持在24.5左右,约为未堆肥预处理组的1.5倍,后续产气潜力更大。     

4-UPS/UPR并联机构动力学分析

基于车辆在行驶过程中的运动特性,提出了一种耦合型4-UPS/UPR并联机构作为车辆运动模拟台。应用螺旋理论分析了中间约束分支对上平台的约束作用,并基于Grassmenn线几何分析了机构的铰链点布置对机构奇异的影响。利用旋转矩阵的运动算子功能对机构的耦合运动特性进行了分析。基于旋量速度、加速度,建立了机构运动学模型,并利用刚体的牛顿-欧拉公式建立了机构(包括各个分支)详尽的动力学模型,并给出了相应的数值算例进行验证。     

液压Stewart主从系统六维控制策略

设计了一种主从手均为液压Stewart机构的主从控制系统,用于操作者以遥操作的方式进行复杂曲面的研磨,避免研磨粉尘对现场工作的工人造成呼吸道伤害。针对该机构需具有六维力反馈的工作要求,采用基于工作空间的四通道力觉双向伺服策略,以降低连杆差异和外界干扰力等非线性因素的影响,提高力反馈精度。在此基础上提出了六维的策略切换控制,解决因从端遭遇刚性冲击引起的主手震荡问题。通过柔性及刚性碰撞实验证明了该策略的有效性。     

基于Fluent的大豆脱粒机旋风分离器模拟与优化

为了对大豆脱粒过程中未脱净荚果进行有效的分选、回收并进行二次脱粒,在已设计的有吊桶旋风分离器基础上,利用Fluent软件对有、无吊桶2种模型进行对比试验,结果显示2种模型压降无明显差异,有吊桶旋风分离器分离效率更高。建立了吊桶长度、吊桶直径两因素同逃逸时间、损失率及压降的数学关系模型,模拟试验结果表明：吊桶直径主要影响螺旋上升气流速度,吊桶长度主要影响入口区域气流场分布,确定吊桶最佳参数为长度94mm,直径为196mm,以该参数改进的模型进行试验验证,结果表明损失率降低为2.2%。     

红枣气体射流冲击干燥收缩特性研究

Chinese jujube originated in China and has a long historical standing. China is the only country which can produce a great amount of Chinese jujube in the world. Modern research showed that the nutrition of Chinese jujube is abundant. Chinese jujube has great medicinal and food value, with high economic value and good prospects for development. Shrinkage characteristics of dates generally refer to volume shrinkage characteristics of whole dates. Large fruit and plump grain appearance of dates is the first choice of consumers to buy elements. The volume of dried jujube points to the consumer’s heart, and is an important indicator of consumers whether to buy. Jujube processing enterprises grade the date in accordance with its size, different grades dates have different value and price. Therefore, drying is the most important steps during the dates processing as it affects directly the quality of the product, and the shrinkage characteristics is the most important quality characteristic of Chinese jujube after drying. However, the traditional natural desiccation and desiccation in the drying room of the red dates has many problems. The conventional drying method for Chinese jujube has some disadvantages of severe shrinkage, long drying time and large energy consumption etc. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of dried Chinese jujube and reduce the shrinkage, it is imperative to replace the traditional drying method with the modern technologies. Air impingement drying technology was applied to dry Chinese jujube. The drying characteristics of shrinkage, moisture effective diffusivity considering shrinkage characteristics and the activation energy of Chinese jujube shrinkage were investigated under different air temperatures (55, 60, 65 and 70℃) and air velocities (6, 9, 12 and 15m/s). The dynamic changes of the regular pattern for the shrinkage characteristic of Chinese jujube in the air impingement drying process were studied, the results showed that the volume relative shrinkage ratio of Chinese jujube appeared to increase and then decrease with the increase of air temperature and air velocity. Considering shrinkage characteristics, the moisture effective diffusivity of Chinese jujube in the air impingement drying process through the Fick’s second law was obtained. The diffusivity appeared to increase and then decrease with the decrease in moisture content in dry basis of Chinese jujube. The Arrhenius equation calculated the shrinkage activation energy of the Chinese jujube was 1281kJ/mol. This research provided technical basis for shrinkage characteristics of Chinese jujube using air impingement drying technology.     

枣树间接地下滴灌根区土壤盐分运移规律研究

通过小区试验研究了间接地下滴灌条件下密植枣树根区不同方向(水平及垂直方向)、不同土层盐分质量比的变化特征,及导水装置直径(50、75、90 mm)和灌水量(9、13、17 L/(棵·次))对枣树根区土壤盐分运移的影响。结果表明:经过一段时间后,垂直方向10~40 cm土层盐分质量比较低,0~10 cm土层盐分质量比最高;水平方向10~50 cm各土层盐分质量比随与出水口水平距离的增加而增大。在单次灌水后导水装置直径一定时各土层脱盐率随灌水量的增加而增大。当灌水量一定时,10~40 cm土层脱盐率随导水装置直径的增加呈减小的趋势,0~10 cm、40~50 cm脱盐率随导水装置直径增大呈低-高-低的趋势。在7—9月份,当导水装置直径为75 mm,灌水量为13、17 L/(棵·次)时,0~50 cm土层土壤平均盐分质量比均较低而且变化幅度较小。综合考虑节水、抑盐效果,确定导水装置直径为75 mm,灌水量为13 L/(棵·次)为适宜的间接地下滴灌灌溉模式。     

水稻插秧机植物纤维地膜敷设装置开口机构设计

针对自制的水稻插秧机植物纤维地膜敷设装置由秧爪直接进行开口插秧、而导致开口质量较差的问题,利用ADAMS建立了偏心齿轮式分插机构的运动仿真模型,通过轨迹跟踪及逐次逼近的方法确定了开口刀尖点的最优坐标为(-159.8,54.9)。依此建立双臂同步开口机构仿真模型并对开口插秧过程进行了仿真模拟,结果表明机构满足设计要求。最后,对同步开口机构开口刀的装配结构进行了优化设计。     

水稻秧苗运输车的设计

为了提高水稻的种植效率,水稻插秧机应运而生并且应用的十分普及;但是秧苗的补给主要靠人工来完成,影响了插秧机作业效率。为此,设计了一种水稻秧苗运输车,采用乘坐式独轮驱动,以小马力柴油机为动力,一次完成水稻秧苗从田埂到运秧车的输送、田间的运输以及运秧车与插秧机秧苗的对接输送,从而提高了工作效率。同时,阐述了该设计的关键技术、总体结构、工作原理,以及关键工作机构与部件设计。     

基于梨枣轻微损伤的可见/近红外光谱判别研究

利用可见/近红外光谱技术对梨枣轻微损伤的分类判别建模方法进行研究。分别采用PLS-LDA(线性)和LS-SVM(非线性)建立判别模型,分析比较不同预处理方式和建模波段对模型精度的影响。结果表明:经9点平滑预处理后的短波近红外(780~1100nm)PLS-LDA模型判别效果最佳,校正集和预测集的正确识别率分别达到97.8%和96.7%。