Effect of dietary chitosan oligosaccharide complex with Ce (IV) on growth,immunity and disease resistance against Vibrio splendidus of sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicas

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan oligosaccharide complex with cerium (Ce IV) (COS‐Ce) on growth performance, nonspecific immunity and disease resistance of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicas. Five isonitrogenous (18.6%) and isolipidic (1.1%) practical diets were formulated with graded level of COS‐Ce (0, 150, 300, 600 and 1200 mg kg^?1 dry feed), which were named as COS‐Ce/0, COS‐Ce/150, COS‐Ce/300, COS‐Ce/600, COS‐Ce/1200 respectively. Each diet was allocated to four replicates of sea cucumbers (Initial weight: 6.72 ± 0.02 g). Sea cucumbers were fed to apparent satiation once daily (19:00 hours) for 56 days. During the experiment, water temperature was kept at 16 ± 0.5°C, pH 7.8–8.2, dissolved oxygen beyond 5 mg L^?1, ammonia nitrogen below 0.5 mg L^?1 and salinity from 30‰ to 31‰. Results showed that the specific growth rate of sea cucumbers was significantly higher in COS‐Ce/600 than that in other four treatments. Activities of phagocytosis, respiratory burst, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in COS‐Ce/600 were significantly higher than that in COS‐Ce/0 (P < 0.05) respectively. On the contrary, cumulative mortality was the lowest in COS‐Ce/600 following 14 days exposure to Vibrio splendidus (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these results confirmed that dietary COS‐Ce had beneficial effects on growth performance, nonspecific immunity and disease resistance of sea cucumber.     

基于广义加性模型的天津近海鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落结构研究

2018、2019年的4—11月利用大型浮游生物网对天津近岸海域进行逐月调查,分析天津近岸海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类组成,优势种、群落结构变化,以及丰度分布与环境因子的关系.调查结果表明,2018年监测到鱼卵10种,隶属4目9科,仔稚鱼9种,隶属5目8科;2019年监测到鱼卵9种,隶属4目8科,仔稚鱼8种,隶属5目7科.20...     

秸秆颗粒改良剂对川西北高寒沙地土壤氮素和黑麦草生长的影响

为探明秸秆颗粒改良剂对川西北高寒沙地土壤氮素和黑麦草生长的影响,以农业废弃物(秸秆)为主要原料,复合聚丙烯酰胺、微生物菌剂和氮磷钾肥,加工成秸秆颗粒改良剂,设4个施用量水平(6,12,18,24t/hm2),以空白对照(CK0)和当地常规牦牛粪处理(CK1)为对照。结果表明:与CK0相比,秸秆颗粒改良剂和CK1均能显著增加土壤全氮、全氮密度、全氮储量和硝态氮含量,增加黑麦草株高、总根长、总根表面积、总根体积、平均根系直径和单株干重(p0.05),达到增加土壤氮素含量和促进黑麦草生长的效果。与CK1相比,秸秆颗粒改良剂处理的平均全氮含量、全氮密度、全氮储量和硝态氮含量分别增加了12.50%,22.73%,20.90%和344.56%,黑麦草地上和地下部平均单株干重分别增加了57.50%和66.86%。增施秸秆颗粒改良剂可有效增加土壤氮素含量,黑麦草各生长指标也随改良剂施用量增加呈逐渐增加的趋势。施用量超过18t/hm2时,0—10cm土层的全氮、全氮密度、全氮储量和黑麦草各生长指标差异不显著。土壤氮素指标与黑麦草单株干重存在正相关关系,其中土壤全氮、全氮储量与黑麦草单株干重的相关性最高(r≥0.90**)。随改良剂施用量增加,外源养分淋溶率呈先降低后升高的趋势,在18t/hm2处有最小值。综合考虑土壤氮素含量、外源养分淋溶率和黑麦草生长的变化,秸秆颗粒改良剂以18t/hm2为川西北沙地土壤改良的最佳施用量。     

基于GIS的开发区土地集约利用评价研究——以海南国际科技工业园为例

为了贯彻落实《国务院关于促进节约集约用地的通知》,切实加强开发区用地管理、促进开发区节约集约用地并为开发区扩区升级提供科学依据,运用调查研究及模型分析方法,以海南国际科际工业园为研究对象,从土地利用状况、用地效益和管理绩效3个方面构建土地集约利用评价指标体系,对开发区土地进行集约利用评价研究。结果表明：国科园土地集约利用水平总体很高,土地利用状况良好,管理绩效突出,但用地效益一般。海南国际科际工业园要实现土地集约利用,应该结合海南国际旅游岛建设,创新管理体制,建立项目准入制度和退出机制,进一步改善投资环境,大力推进生态园区建设。     

远洋捕捞渔船电子监控视频文字信息提取

计算机图像处理技术发展迅速,基于OCR(Optical Character Recognition)的图像文字提取得到广泛应用。在远洋渔业捕捞中,EMS(Electronic Monitoring System)逐渐开始使用,视频中文字信息提取是系统的重要功能之一。通过左右舷、前甲板、后甲板安装的4个摄像头,获取渔船作业的视频影像,再利用jTessBoxEditor软件生成图片样本,人工添加文字标签,然后通过tesseract软件训练标注的样本,制作traineddata字库,最后用Python编程提取远洋捕捞渔船监控视频中的时间、位置、航速、航向等信息,提取的960条记录,经与原图片对比全部正确,提取的文字信息可为视频存档和渔业管理提供参考。     

Effect of plant density in coupled aquaponics on the welfare status of African catfish,Clarias gariepinus

We investigated the effects of plant density on the welfare of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, in coupled aquaponics over 85 days. The moderate density (mpd) of basil, Ocimum basilicum, was compared with the high density (hpd) and control (n = 0). The behavior was analyzed by visual and video observations, and after the application of induced stressors, skin injuries, blood glucose, lactate, and plasma cortisol responses were considered. The hpd fish showed the least activity (control: visual 77.8%, video 81.6%; mpd: 74.6%, 82.6%; hpd: 63.2% [p < 0.05], 78.8%). High agonistic behavior (control: 5, 131; mpd: 4, 57; hpd: 1, 45) and the highest number of injuries (control: 3.9; mpd: 2.9; hpd: 3.4) were observed in the control. Glucose and lactate levels did not differ significantly (control: 5.5, 2.6 mmol/L; mpd: 5.6, 2.7 mmol/L; hpd: 5.3, 2.6 mmol/L); however, cortisol levels did (control: 18.8 ng/mL, mpd: 19.9 ng/mL, hpd: 25.8 ng/mL). pH adjustment led to additional stress, resulting in temporal cortisol alterations. While in the control and mpd, low cortisol levels were followed by acute responses and downregulation, the hpd fish showed prior elevation and lagged an acute response. However, comparing injuries and behavioral patterns with control, aquaponics with high basil density influenced African catfish positively.     

汉语思维方式及写作经验在中国学生英语写作中的迁移现象

语言迁移现象会在语言学习的各个方面发生，正迁移对英语学习有促进作用，负迁移则有阻碍作用。写作教学是外语教学中的难点之一和薄弱环节，更容易发生负迁移。运用对比错误分析方法，对中国学生写作时容易发生的汉语负迁移现象进行了分析，试图对我国英语写作教学的改进提供一己之见。     

大鳞鲃消化系统早期发育的组织学观察

采用石蜡切片和显微观察的方法对由初孵仔鱼至23日龄的大鳞鲃消化系统发育进行了研究。初孵大鳞鲃仔鱼卵黄囊呈圆球形,消化道位于卵黄囊上方并伸展至卵黄囊后部,由柱状上皮细胞所组成,大部分为细胞索。2日龄时,口裂形成,口咽腔向鱼体后部进一步延伸。4日龄时,大鳞鲃的消化道由口至肛门全部打通,消化道分化为口咽腔、食道、前肠和后肠四部分。5日龄时,整个食道形成黏膜层,杯状细胞迅速增多,开始形成纵向褶皱。7日龄时,肝脏和胰脏的基本结构形成,并在肝脏和胰脏之间出现由单层柱状细胞围成的胆囊。10日龄时,卵黄囊消失,大鳞鲃完全通过摄取外界食物获取营养。10日龄—14日龄,消化道长度增长,褶皱加深,吸收表面积增加。14日龄后,通过大量摄食外源食物,大鳞鲃的体长迅速增大。     

贻贝的加工利用研究进展

我国是世界贝类养殖大国,出口量相当大。其中的贻贝是我国沿海重要的一种经济贝类。目前,贻贝的加工利用研究已成为我国水产加工领域的研究热点。从贻贝的营养及药用价值、活性物质的提取技术、综合利用、加工技术与食品安全方面进行了综述,同时对贻贝加工利用中存在的问题进行探讨,对贻贝加工研究的发展前景和方向进行了展望。     

Colonization of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. masoucida strains in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) during infection

Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. masoucida (ASM) is classified as atypical A. salmonicida and brought huge economic damages to the local salmonid aquaculture in China. An ASM strain named AS‐C4 was used to investigate the colonization of ASM in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) by an immersion challenge with the control group (T0, no AS‐C4), group T1 (2.67 × 10⁴ CFU/ml AS‐C4) and group T2 (2.67 × 10⁷ CFU/ml AS‐C4). The numbers of AS‐C4 copies in different fish tissues (gill, intestine, skin, blood, muscle, spleen, liver and kidney) were determined at different time points post challenge using the quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). AS‐C4 were detected in the gill and intestine as early as 0 hr after the challenge both in T1 and T2 groups, suggesting that the gill and intestine were probably the portals of entry of AS‐C4 into salmon. Although AS‐C4 could not be detected in the skin until 24 hr after the challenge in T1 group, it could be detected in the skin as early as 0 hr after the challenge in T2 group, indicating that the skin may also be a portal of entry of AS‐C4 into salmon. AS‐C4 was immediately detected in the blood within 3 hr after it entered the host, suggesting that AS‐C4 successfully invaded the bloodstream of fish. After AS‐C4 colonized the host, it colonized the internal tissues, such as the spleen, liver, kidney and muscle. The results of this study will contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of the ASM strains and give a broader understanding of the infection route of ASM in it's host, providing more information for the development of new therapeutic strategies to protect against this pathogen in aquaculture.