STUDY OF DETERMINING THE DEGREE OF GRAPHITIZING OF COKE WITH X-RAY DIFFRACTION METHOD

In the paper, the process of determining the degree of graphiti-zing of metallurgy coke with X-ray diffraction method was discussed. The extrapolation was used in order to obtain the interplanar distance. of (002) crystaloface of metallurgy coke. The finding showed that the dmax. wasn''t 3.44A, butO4.31A. A rational formula which could be used to characterize the degree of gra-phitizing of metallurgy coke was found.     

Diversity and activity of cellulolytic bacteria,isolated from the gut contents of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) (Valenciennes) fed on Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense) or artificial feedstuffs

Herbivorous grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) has a powerful capability to digest cellulose from aquatic plants, depending on the cellulase complex produced by the cellulolytic bacterial community in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, it remains uncertain which bacteria taxa may actively participate in the digestion of food fibre. In this study, a total of 499 cellulolytic bacteria from the gut content of grass carp fed on Sudan grass (242 strains) and artificial feedstuffs (257 strains) were randomly isolated and characterized using carboxymethyl‐cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose and cellobiose agar media. The results showed that more than half of the isolates were capable of degrading carboxymethyl‐cellulose and cellobiose, while the remaining isolates were restricted to microcrystalline cellulose decomposition, exclusively. The cellulolytic bacterial community was dominated by Aeromonas, followed by Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Citrobacter, Bacillus, Raoultella, Klebsiella, Hydrotalea, Pseudomonas, Brevibacillus and some unclassified bacteria, as revealed by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Notably, grass carp fed on grass with high‐fibre content harboured a higher diversity of cellulolytic bacteria than the ones fed on low‐fibre feedstuffs. Our results provided evidence for a positive correlation between the content of food fibre and the diversity of cellulolytic bacteria in grass carp intestines. Thus, improving growth conditions and cellulase activities for GI cellulolytic microorganisms in grass carp intestines are critical for effective utilization of feedstuffs containing high fibre levels.     

基于全轮纵向力优化分配的4WD车辆直接横摆力矩控制 4

为了充分利用四轮独立驱动(4WD)与直接横摆力矩控制(DYC)各自的优势,提出了基于全轮纵向力优化分配的4WD车辆DYC系统方案.利用改进的2DOF车辆模型制定DYC稳定性控制目标,设计基于最优动态滑模的前馈+反馈DYC控制器.建立全轮纵向力优化分配模式,结合HSRI轮胎模型设计了降低整车路面附着负荷的目标函数,并通过约束优化得出全轮纵向力分配值.研究表明,全轮纵向力优化分配可提高整车路面附着余量,进一步提升了DYC系统的控制性能.     

荔枝采摘器优化设计与仿真

为改善荔枝的采摘条件,提高其采摘效率,通过分析荔枝的栽培生长特性,设计了一种简易且不伤果的荔枝串果采摘器具;建立了采摘器剪切运动和剪切力模型,利用Matlab进行了结构参数优化;应用Adams和AN-SYS构建了采摘器虚拟样机及有限元模型,进行了运动仿真分析和强度分析,验证了采摘器整体设计和结构参数的合理性。采摘试验表明,采摘器样机可快速采摘且柔性接果。     

Synthesis,fungicidal activity,and 3D-QSAR of pyridazinone-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 1,3,4-thiadiazoles

A series of novel 5-[1-aryl-1,4-dihydro-6-methylpyridazin-4-one-3-yl] -2-arylamino-1,3,4-oxadiazoles, fungicidally active, were synthesized based on bioisosterism and tested in vivo against wheat leaf rust, Puccinia recondita. These compounds were shown to be fungicidally active, and their activity was influenced by the nature of the substituents. By using the three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships (3D-QSAR) method of comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), we have studied the structure and activity relationship of the compounds containing both pyridazinone-substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazoles and pyridazinone-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles. The 3D-QSAR modes gave good correlation between the variations on percent inhibition and the steric-electrostatic properties. The results are consistent with a common mode of action for the pyridazinone-substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazoles and the pyridazinone-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, which further confirms that the 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring is a bioisosteric analogue of the 1,3,4-thiadiazole ring. These offer important structural insights into designing highly active compounds prior to their synthesis.     

施肥对芹菜生长及硝酸盐含量的影响

在砂质潮土上研究了不同施氮量和生物菌剂接种对芹菜生长及硝酸盐含量的影响。结果表明,无论是否接种生物菌剂,增施氮肥均有利芹菜产量的提高。在等氮量条件下,接种丛枝菌根真菌Glomus mosseae “93”显著促进芹菜产量的提高。随着施氮量的增加,芹菜硝态氮含量大幅增加,Vc含量呈下降趋势。为获得相同的产量目标,通过接种丛枝菌根真菌Glomus mosseae “93”可以显著降低氮肥的施用量,并因而大幅减少芹菜硝酸盐的累积。     

锥形配流副弹流润滑模型与数值计算方法

为求解高压条件下锥形配流副的润滑模型,该文提出了综合应用有限差分法、液阻网络法和约束最优化复合形法的二元二目标复合形法,研究表明了模型解的存在性和唯一性,并通过实例应用二元二目标复合形法对润滑模型进行了求解。实例结果显示,平衡油槽的无量纲压力随工作压力的变化保持恒定,配流间隙随工作压力增大呈线性减小,而偏心率在工作压力范围内均略小于0,最小为-0.036。研究为锥形配流副弹流润滑特性的分析及其设计提供了参考。     

铁和不同形态氮素对玉米植株吸收矿质元素及其在体内分布的影响 Ⅱ.对铁、锰、铜、锌等营养元素的影响

用营养液培养方法研究了铁和两种形态氮素对玉米植株吸收铁、锰、铜、锌等微量元素及其在体内分布的影响。结果表明:与硝态氮(NO₃^--N)相比,铵态氮(NH₄⁺-N)显著提高了玉米对铁的吸收,降低了对锰、铜及锌的吸收。供铁也明显提高了植株地上部铁的吸收总量,降低了锰及锌的吸收量,尤其是在供应No₃^--N时这种作用更为明显。在缺铁条件下,NH₄⁺-N处理的玉米新叶中铁的含量明显高于NO₃^--N处理;而新叶、老叶、茎中锰、锌、铜含量以及根中锰、锌含量都明显低于NO₃^--N处理。但使用NH₄⁺-N时,根中铜的含量较高。在供铁条件下,NH₄⁺-N处理的玉米植株四个不同器官中锰和锌的含量显著低于NO₃^--N处理的植株,而铜的含量正好相反。在缺铁条件下,玉米新叶中活性锰、活性锌的含量显著高于供铁处理;与NO₃^--N相比,NH₄⁺-N的供应也显著降低了玉米新叶中活性锰以及活性锌的含量。     

提升咸宁竹业与发展区域经济

咸宁是全国主要竹产区之一,竹业是咸宁经济发展的一个主导产业.从栽培技术、基地规模、加 工效益、经济份额等方面看,提升咸宁的竹业具有可行性;从农业、工业、旅游等区域经济发展全局看,提升咸宁竹业具有必要性.因此,必须抓住国家高度重视林业和生态建设的机遇,进一步巩固竹业的支柱地位、加快资源培育、开展精深加工、激活发展机制,将传统的资源优势转变为明显的经济优势,为建设咸宁新型生态园林城市作出更大贡献.     

木薯SRAP扩增体系的建立与优化

建立适宜木薯DNA的SRAP扩增体系,为木薯分子标记和基因图谱的构建打下基础.以木薯基因组DNA为模板,采用序列相关扩增多态性(sequence related amplified polymorphism,SRAP)技术对木薯DNA进行PCR扩增,运级优化反应参数.最佳SRAP-PCR反应体系(10L1)为:DNA(50ng/μl)0.5μl、10×PCR buffer(Mg2 )1.0μl、dNTPs(20mM)0.21μl、primer(50ng)0.3μl、Taq polymerase(5U/μl)0.21μl.该程序和体系能很好地满足木薯基因组SRAP扩增的要求,SRAP标记能够很好应用于木薯遗传研究.