百合基本营养成分和活性物质研究进展

百合是重要的食用、药用和观赏多用途植物,其营养成分丰富,并含有多种活性物质。本文综述了国内外百合基本营养成分及多糖、甾体皂苷、生物碱、酚类化合物、黄酮类化合物等活性物质的研究进展,提出食用和药用百合研发中存在的问题,并展望了未来的研究方向。     

红海苏丹沿岸渔场的调查与分析

本文系烟台海洋渔业公司于2000～2001年派出的两艘船对苏丹沿岸渔业资源的调查报告,着重对苏丹渔场的渔业资源、海洋环境等进行分析。结果表明：苏丹沿海渔场可供开发利用的经济鱼、虾品种资源数量有限,渔场底质结构复杂多样,工业化捕捞船队投入生产没有多大的商业开发价值。     

不同水稻品种对NO-3 同化差异的比较

采用水培方法测定了不同形态氮素下 4个品种水稻 (汕优 63、扬稻 6号、泗优 917、农垦 57) 的生长量及其水稻苗期硝酸还原酶活性 (NRA) 和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性 (GSA)。结果表明, 1mmol·L-1 NH 4 培养下, 水稻生长无明显差异, 而 1mmol·L-1 NO-3 培养 28d后, 各品种水稻生长差异显著, 其中, 扬稻 6号生长最优, 农垦 57最差; 籼稻体内的NRA和GSA比粳稻更高, 其中籼稻叶片的NRA比粳稻高出 58 7%, GSA高出 34 6%, 籼稻根系GSA是粳稻根系的 3 2倍, 说明籼稻对NO-3 的吸收利用优于粳稻。     

新疆铁门关市部分地区散养奶牛嗜血支原体和泰勒虫感染情况的调查

为了解新疆铁门关市3个镇散养奶牛嗜血支原体和泰勒虫感染分布,选取85头1岁～2岁奶牛进行血液样本采集,提取其全基因组DNA,用PCR检测血液DNA样本,对阳性样本进行基因碱基序列分析.结果表明,奶牛嗜血支原体和泰勒虫的总感染率为23.5％(20/85),天湖镇和河畔镇奶牛总感染率分别为39.5％(15/38)和26.3...     

魔芋葡甘聚糖凝胶珠硫酸酯化修饰工艺优化研究

采用二次回归旋转正交组合实验设计方法,探讨了魔芋葡甘聚糖凝胶珠的硫酸酯化修饰的最优化工艺条件。结果表明：各因子对硫酸基含量影响由大到小依次为温度、氯磺酸用量和时间,且温度和氯磺酸用量两因子间相互作用极显著。回归方程达到极显著水平,无失拟因素存在。通过预测与验证得到硫酸酯化最优化工艺条件为：10 g魔芋葡甘聚糖凝胶珠,氯磺酸用量为5.27 mL,反应温度为39.4℃,反应时间为3.88 h,在此条件下产物硫酸基含量质量分数为（24.40±1.28）%。     

Physicochemical Characteristics of Chalky Kernels and Their Effects on Sensory Quality of Cooked Rice

Physicochemical characteristics of chalky rice kernels were compared with those of vitreous kernels, and the effects of chalky kernels on sensory quality of cooked rice were investigated. Chalky kernels were compared with vitreous kernels using image analysis and amylose contents. Because cooked rice is prepared through soaking and cooking, the changes in water absorption index (WAI) during soaking (15, 30, 60, and 90 min) and the structural changes during cooking (0, 3, 6, and 9 min) in chalky and vitreous kernels were investigated using image analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of various proportions (0, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 15%) of chalky kernels on sensory quality of cooked rice were also studied. The chalky kernels tended to be smaller in kernel area, maximum diameter, minimum diameter, and perimeter than vitreous kernels. Amylose content in chalky kernels was slightly lower than that in vitreous kernels. WAI of chalky kernels was higher than that of vitreous kernels. The effects of chalky kernels on the sensory quality of cooked rice were not significant unless the proportion of chalky kernels was ≥15%. A sensory panel agreed that the overall sensory quality of cooked rice with 15% chalky kernels was the lowest among the samples tested.     

基于改进型非线性最小二乘法的作物模型隐含参数估计

为了使作物生长模型中的参数最优化,提出了一种改进型非线性最小二乘法在作物生长模型中隐含参数估计的应用技术,针对多目标项的情况提出了权矩阵的自动计算方法。通过良好的人机交互界面,使得该方法更精确、更有效、更方便。实验表明：用该方法对作物模型进行参数优化后,再对番茄生长的动态过程进行仿真,对模拟值和实测值进行比较,两者拟合程度很好。     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of [1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)alkyl]-1-silacyclopentanes

A series of 1-aryl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)alkyl-1-silacyclopentanes has been synthesized by four-step reactions starting from 1-chloroalkyltrichlorosilane and tested for fungicidal activities in vitro for ten fungi and in vivo for four fungi occurring in rice, cucumber, tomato etc. Biological activities of the title compounds are strongly dependent upon the p-substituent on the phenyl group in the following order: F>Cl>Ph>OEt>H. Especially, 1-p-fluorophenyl-1-[1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)alkyl]-1-silacyclopentanes (alkyl=methyl or ethyl) showed significant fungicidal activity with a broad spectrum comparable to flusilazole in in-vivo assay. © 1998 SCI.     

四倍体刺槐种子形态及结构变异研究

对四倍体刺槐种子进行观测和解剖,结果证明：四倍体刺槐种子单粒重、有胚率和萌发率分别是二倍体刺槐的26.3%、30.1%和6.3%;单粒重10mg以上的种子（比例4.41%）萌发率达62.28%,小于7mg（比例84.97%）的种子就完全失去了萌发力。四倍体刺槐种胚重量、胚乳重量、种皮重量及三者的构成比例均明显不同于二倍...     

基于MATLAB的非圆齿轮副齿廓算法研究

根据展成法加工齿轮的原理和变位思路设计非圆齿轮齿廓.阐述了精确计算一对外凸节曲线非圆齿轮副齿廓数据的数值算法,并提出依据主动轮节曲线自动优化非圆齿轮副中心距和计算从动轮节曲线的方法.主从动非圆齿轮齿廓的啮合曲线部分分别由同一齿条刀具不同侧包络而成,确保啮合时无间隙.通过齿条刀具沿两齿轮旋转中心连线偏离节曲线改变变位量,消除根切,实现非零变位.采用该方法设计加工出的非圆齿轮已应用于实际样机中,确保该方法的可行性.