NaCl溶液处理亚热带土壤水分特征曲线差异与模型优选

携带大量盐分的低质水长期灌溉导致土壤存在极大的物理化学特性退化风险,为了探究盐分对土壤水分特征曲线影响的差异性,采用压力膜法对亚热带地区粘性潮土、沙性潮土、红壤、紫色土、水稻土等5种土壤进行室内测定,对比分析了各土壤在0、5、10、15 g/L等4个钠盐浓度水平下土壤水分特征曲线的差异,并利用RETC软件结合数理统计方法确定了各土壤不同钠盐浓度水平下相应的最优拟合模型。结果表明:钠盐处理均可提高各土壤的持水能力,且粘粒含量较高的土壤影响显著;钠盐处理减少了粘性潮土、沙性潮土和红壤的有效含水率,分别最大减少了40.8%、30.5%、31.5%,却提高了紫色土、水稻土有效含水率,分别最大提高了45.7%、28.9%。粘粒含量少或低浓度盐溶液处理的土壤水分特征曲线以BC模型拟合最优,而粘粒含量多且高浓度盐溶液处理的以DP-M模型拟合最优。     

全自动草莓钵苗移栽机构优化设计与试验

为了实现草莓钵苗机械化移栽,根据草莓种植农艺要求,提出了一种Hermite插值非圆齿轮行星轮系全自动草莓钵苗移栽机构,用一套回转机构依次完成取苗、输送、挖穴与栽植4个移栽工序,满足了草莓钵苗移栽所需的轨迹与姿态要求,保证了所取秧苗和所挖穴口的精准配合。根据移栽机构的工作原理,建立了运动学理论模型,并结合设定的优化目标,基于Visual Basic 6. 0设计了计算机辅助分析优化设计软件,通过优化得到了一组满足移栽要求的机构参数。根据优化的参数对机构进行了二维设计、三维建模,通过ADAMS软件完成了虚拟样机仿真,应用3D打印技术制作了物理样机。在所搭建的草莓钵苗移栽试验台架上,利用高速摄像技术对物理样机进行了轨迹与姿态验证试验,通过对比分析得到理论轨迹、虚拟仿真轨迹和台架试验轨迹基本一致,验证了机构设计的正确性。并进行了机构的性能试验,结果表明取苗成功率为92%,栽植成功率为85%,平均栽植株距为172. 9 mm,所挖穴口深度、长度和宽度效果良好,满足草莓钵苗移栽要求。     

探入式番茄钵苗移栽机构设计与试验

为了避免移栽机构在夹取秧苗过程中对秧苗茎秆造成损伤,针对夹取土钵的取苗方式,提出了一种探入式番茄钵苗移栽机构。依据结构特性和工作原理,建立了机构运动学理论模型,根据设定的优化目标开发了移栽机构优化设计软件,通过优化得到一组符合番茄钵苗移栽要求的结构参数。对栽植臂绝对转角和移栽机构绝对运动轨迹进行分析,验证了机构的合理性和可行性。建立了探入式番茄钵苗移栽机构的三维模型并虚拟仿真,对物理样机进行了高速摄影试验验证,通过对移栽机构实际工作轨迹与理论及仿真轨迹进行对比分析,验证了机构设计的正确性。对机构进行性能台架试验,取苗成功率为92. 8%,移栽成功率为89. 7%,栽植合格率为86. 4%,栽植优良率为59. 4%,符合移栽要求,验证了机构的实用性。     

A SCAR marker linked to the N gene for resistance to root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

The root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are important nematode pests and cause serious diseases in pepper in the world. No molecular markers linked to the nematodes resistance N gene have been reported. In this paper, ‘Carolina Wonder’ (Capsicum annuum L.), a sweet pepper line resistant to root-knot nematode with N gene, ‘20080-5-29’ (C. annuum L.), an inbred line susceptible to root-knot nematode with good horticultural characteristics, and their F₂ progeny with 320 individuals were used as materials. Evaluation of resistance and susceptibility of parental lines, F₁ and F₂ progeny inoculated with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) were carried out. ‘Bulked segregant analysis’ method was used to search for polymorphic markers from 512 pairs of AFLP primers. Based on the assessment of resistance and susceptibility and polymorphism of the AFLP marker in F₂ population, the genetic linkage distance between the AFLP marker and the N gene was estimated. One AFLP marker E39/M41-339 was obtained and transferred to a SCAR marker amplifying a 315 bp DNA fragment linked to the N resistant allele and a 331 bp fragment linked to the N⁺ susceptible allele. The distance between the molecular marker and the nematodes resistance N gene is 6.3 cM. This research delivered a valuable tool for the marker assisted selection of nematodes resistance in pepper.     

Effects of salvianolic acid B on neurons during oxygen/glucose deprivation and reintroduction

AIM: To observe the damage induced in the primary cultured rat cortical neurons by oxygen/glucose deprivation and reintroduction, and to investigate the neuroprotective mechanism of salvianolic acid B (SalB). METHODS: Primary cultured rat cortical neurons were randomly divided into the control group, the model group and the SalB group. The cell model was established by oxygen/glucose deprivation for 3 h followed oxygen/glucose reintroduction for 24 h. The cortical neurons viability was determined by MTT assay. The leakage rate of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured by chromatometry. The mitochondrial membrane potentials (MMP) and the apoptosis rate were quantitatively analyzed by flow cytometry. The cytosolic free calcium was assessed using LSCM. The morphologic changes of neuronal nuclei were observed by Hoechst 33342 fluorescence staining. RESULTS: Compared to the model group, the cortical neurons viability, the survival rate and the fluorescence value of MMP in the SalB group were obviously increased (P<0.05,P<0.01). In addition, in the SalB group, the leakage rate of LDH, the fluorescence intensity of cytosolic free calcium and the apoptosis rate were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The neuroprotective mechanism of SalB in the oxygen/glucose deprivation and reintroduction neurons would be due to the fact that SalB maintains the MMP and the calcium homeostasis.     

新型保鲜剂处理茂谷柑采后的常温保藏研究

利用不同浓度的新型保鲜剂蔗糖基聚合物和施保克对采后茂谷柑进行涂膜处理后进行常温贮藏,对几项主要生理指标进行检测.结果表明:蔗糖基聚合物涂膜可以减缓Vc、可溶性固形物(TSS)、总糖和可滴定酸等营养物质的损耗,保持较高的糖酸比和固酸比,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量和淀粉酶活性.在延缓果实组织的衰老,延长贮藏寿命方面有较好的效果.施保克也有较好的保鲜效果.     

赤霉素对非洲菊生长开花的影响研究

对非洲菊品种"洛斯"采用不同浓度的GA处理,研究其对非洲菊开花的影响。结果表明:赤霉素可使株高、叶片数、茎粗和叶绿素含量都有增长,不同浓度的赤霉素对花卉的品质影响不同,赤霉素以50 mg/L为最佳浓度处理。     

基于RBF网络的联合收获机脱粒滚筒恒速控制

对联合收获机行走、收割、脱粒系统进行分析,提出了系统数学模型的基本形式.针对该模型的高阶次、非线性和难以准确获得具体参数等问题,将模型差分方程的基本形式分解为与控制信号无关和有关的2个部分,利用RBF神经网络技术分别对2个部分进行在线辨识,控制器根据辨识结果进行控制,构建了自适应控制.利用该系统进行了不同条件下的仿真和试验,试验证明利用RBF网络可快速有效地拟合被控对象.当对象参数发生变化时,系统可实现跟踪适应,达到较好的控制效果.     

2BFJ-6型变量施肥精密播种机的研制

变量施肥精密播种机是精准农业实施的一个重要机械设备.本文针对吉林省中部地区的玉米种植模式,设计了2BFJ-6型变量施肥播种精密播种机.该机一次可完成开沟、变量施肥、精量播种、覆土、镇压等作业.该机变量施肥装置采用GPS实时定位,根据各个地块的测土配方施肥结果,由田间计算机控制液压马达的转速实现实时变量施肥.该机采用勺式精密排种器和单体仿形机构确保了播量的精确和稳定的耕深.实验证实可有效保证变量施肥系统的稳定性和快速响应性及精密播种准确性.     

10种海参16SrDNA 序列多样性及其亲缘关系分析

运用PCR扩增10种海参的16SrDNA部分序列,并测序.获得大小为566bp的序列,利用DNAsp4.0软件分析比较10种海参的碱基组成、各碱基变异位点数、插入或缺失位点数,并采用MEGA4.0软件分析彼此间的遗传距离.结果发现,10种海参富含AT碱基,A T的含量平均为57.0%,不同种海参间发生碱基转换、颠换及发生插入或缺失变异的位点数差异很大,10种海参彼此间的遗传距离在0.007～0.316之间.所得结果与GenBank中10种海参的相应序列进行比对分析,同时用MEGA4.0和PAUP4.0软件构建进化树,分析其亲缘关系.结果表明,利用16SrDNA序列的差异可以将分属于海参科(Holothuriidae)与刺参科(Stichopodidae)的海参完全分开,瓜参科(Cucumariidae)的2个种与刺参科的亲缘关系较近.对不同海参种间亲缘关系的分析结果还表明,同属于剌参科的仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)与加州拟刺参(Parastichopus californicus)和具疣拟刺参(Parastichopus parvimensis)亲缘关系最近,同属于海参科的格皮氏海参(Pearsonothuria graeffei)与白尼参属的蛇目白尼参(Bohadschia argus)和图纹白尼参(B.marmorata)亲缘关系最近,而同样为海参科的墨西哥海参(Holothuria mexicana)则与红腹海参(Hothuria edulis)关系最近.这些资料为海参的种质资源管理、新种引进和种质改良提供了基础的分子生物学依据.