甜橙bHLH转录因子家族的鉴定及生物信息学分析

bHLH转录因子家族是第2大转录因子家族,广泛存在于微生物、植物以及动物中。以甜橙为试验材料,通过全基因组数据库搜索鉴定,对bHLH基因进行了理化性质、系统发育、染色体分布、保守基序、蛋白互作生物信息学分析,探讨它们在不同组织的表达情况。结果表明：共鉴定出126个bHLH基因,其中112个不均匀的分布于9条染色体上,14个分布位置尚未确定;系统发育分析表明甜橙bHLH基因家族可分为16个亚家族,并且给定亚家族中的大多数基因具有相似的基因结构和保守基序。在甜橙中,多个bHLH基因相互作用共同调控其开花、光的形态发生和花色素苷合成等过程;大多数的CsbHLH基因在愈伤组织、叶、花和果实中均有表达。本研究为CsbHLH基因的功能研究奠定了基础,并有助于bHLH基因在其他植物物种中的功能研究。     

施肥对柚木目标树土壤理化性质及其胸径生长的影响

采用L₈（4×2⁴）正交设计开展复合肥、尿素、P₂O₅、生石灰和施肥方式的组合试验;分别于0～20（上层）和20～40（下层）cm取样测定土壤理化性质,分析施肥对49 a生柚木目标树胸径生长和土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明：处理组合0～20 cm土层的pH值、土壤的含水率、容重、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、有效氮、有效磷和有效钾分别为5.01～5.59、21.5%～26.9%、1.59～1.71 g/m³、23.08～32.89 g/kg、0.123%～0.164%、0.078%～0.173%、1.00%～1.33%、113.5～140.6、10.63～97.09、163～453 mg/kg,0～40 cm的则是4.91～5.41、22.5%～29.5%、1.67～1.79 g/m³、18.57～23.52 g/kg、0.097%～0.122%、0.066%～0.136%、1.02%～1.59%、79.8～154.6、5.9～65.7、121～657 mg/kg;其胸径增长率为4.22%～5.39%,对照仅3.09%。0～20 cm的有机质、全氮、有效氮和有效钾显著或极显著地高于20～40 cm的;土壤的理化性质间呈现复杂的相关性。影响胸径生长的主导因子为复合肥;柚木胸径增长率与土壤全钾和20～40 cm的全氮含量呈极显著和显著的正相关,土壤施肥促进柚木生长,其人工林抚育经营必须关注土壤养分管理。     

胶凝含蜡原油的黏弹-触变特性

早期含蜡原油的触变性模型均为黏塑性模型,未考虑黏弹性的贡献,管道停输再启动的数值模拟也未考虑黏弹性的影响。为此,利用机械比拟原理,依据含蜡原油的"黏弹-屈服-触变"特点,建立了包含9个未知参数的黏弹-触变模型。利用两种物性不同的含蜡原油在凝点附近的剪切速率阶跃、剪切速率滞回环、恒剪切速率3种典型加载模式下的实验数据对模型进行验证。结果表明:3种测试的模型拟合值与实测值的平均相对偏差分别为4.6%、6.6%、4.2%,实现了用一个模型完整、准确地描述含蜡原油加载全过程的流变响应,为输油管道停输再启动过程的水力特性及管道安全运行提供了重要的基础资料。(图4,表2,参16)     

基于柚木废弃物纳米纤丝化木质纤维素体系的高机械性能生物质材料构建

以柚木加工剩余物纤维为原料,通过初步粉碎后用胶体磨机械胶磨,无胶热压得到高机械性能生物质材料。结果表明：柚木废弃物原料通过机械热胶磨后,木纤维会分层分支且无胶热压后呈层状结构;木质纤维素之间由于羟基能够有效的交联在一起,增加其表面羟基的接触面积;生物质材料的剖面密度中间分布均匀且峰值和谷值之比约为1.16∶1;其静曲强度、弹性模量、内结合强度分别为115.27、10797.43、0.973 MPa,分别是素材纤维材料的5.1、2.5、4.5倍;同时还表现出一定的尺寸稳定性,及吸水厚度膨胀率仅为5.77%,比柚木废弃物原木质纤维材料降低了76.88%。生物质材料的剖面密度、静曲强度、弹性模量、内结合强度以及吸水厚度膨胀率均优于柚木废弃物原木质纤维材料。     

Differential Cl−/Salt Tolerance and NaCl‐Induced Alternations of Tissue and Cellular Ion Fluxes in Glycine max,Glycine soja and their Hybrid Seedlings

The salt‐sensitive Glycine max N23674 cultivar, the salt‐born Glycine soja BB52 population, and their hybrid 4076 strain (F₅) selected for salt tolerance generation by generation were used as the experimental materials in this study. First, the effects of NaCl stress on seed germination, tissue damage, and time‐course ionic absorption and transportation were compared. When qualitatively compared with seed germination appearance in culture dishes, and tissue damages on roots or leaves of seedlings, or quantitatively compared with the relative salt injury rate, the inhibition on N23674 was all the most remarkable. After the exposure of 140 mm NaCl for 1 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 2 days and 4 days, the content of Cl^? gradually increased in the roots and leaves of seedlings of BB52, 4076 and 23674. Interestingly, the extents of the Cl^? rise in roots of the three experimental soybean materials were BB52 > 4076 > N23674, whereas those in leaves were just on the contrary. Secondly, by using the scanning ion‐selective electrode technique (SIET), fluxes of Na⁺ and Cl^? in roots and protoplasts isolated from roots and leaves were also investigated among the three experimental soybean materials. After 140 mm NaCl stress for 2, 4 and 6 days, and when compared with N23674, slighter net Cl^? influxes were observed in root tissue and protoplasts of roots and leaves of BB52 and 4076 seedlings, especially at the cellular protoplast level. The results indicate that with regard to the ionic effect of NaCl stress, Cl^? was the main determinant salt ion for salt tolerance in G. soja, G. max and their hybrid, and the difference in their Cl^?/salt tolerance is mainly attributed to the capacity of Cl^? restriction to the plant above‐ground parts such as leaves.     

Identification of organic acid-related genes and their expression profiles in two pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) cultivars with difference in predominant acid type at fruit ripening stage

‘Yandangxueli’ is a pear cultivar with predominant citric acid in the ripe fruit, different from most of pear cultivars such as ‘Gengtouqing’ in which malic acid is the predominant acid type. It was found that ‘Yandangxueli’ accumulated citric acid for three times against that in ‘Gengtouqing’ at fruit ripening stage. To investigate the mechanism of citric acid accumulation in ‘Yandangxueli’, organic acids content, gene expression and enzyme activity were studied in both cultivars. Five genes, Pp:mtCs, Pp:cyAco, Pp:cyIdh, Pp:mtMdh and Pp:cyMe which encoded citric synthase (CS), cytosolic aconitase (cyACO), NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-IDH), NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase (NAD-MDH) and NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME) respectively, were identified from pear fruit. Their expression profiles and the corresponding enzyme activities were determined throughout fruit development in both cultivars. Results from these enzymes indicated that there were no strict relationship between gene expression, enzyme activity and citric acid accumulation. Expression analysis for two Py:vVAtp genes encoding vacuolar H⁺-ATPase A subunit and one Py:vVpp gene encoding Vacuolar H⁺-pyrophosphatase showed that they were all with up-regulated expression at the later development stage of ‘Yandangxueli’ but with down-regulated expression in ‘Gengtouqing’. Therefore, it is concluded that the different ability in citric acid transportation and storage might be involved in the high citric acid content in ‘Yandangxueli’.     

The integration and insertion site of GbVe1 gene in the genome of transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to obtain the flanking sequences of T-DNA in the transgenic cotton containing a GbVe1 over-expression cassette. [Method] The T-DNA insertion copy number in the transgenic GbVe1 cotton was analyzed by southern blot. Flanking sequences of the transgenic lines with putative single T-DNA insertion copy were obtained using high-efficiency Thermal asymmetric interlaced polymerase chain reaction (hiTAIL-PCR). The T-DNA insertion sites were further confirmed by PCR with specific primers. [Result] RB-flanking sequences (119-1 018 bp) and LB-flanking sequences (243-516 bp) were obtained from three transgenic lines with low copy number of T-DNA insertion. The AT content was more than 63% in these flanking sequences. A same single insertion site in the intron of Gohir.D01G157600.1 was found in the two transgenic lines 7/100826-152 and 12/100826-393, while two separated insertion sites, one also in the intron of Gohir.-D01G157600.1 and the other in the intergenic region of A12 chromosome, were found in the transgenic line 1/w-ch14. A deletion of 21 bp was found in the insertion site in the intron of Gohir.D01G157600.1. The T-DNA insertion in the intron of Gohir.D01G157600.1 was further confirmed by the specific PCR. [Conclusion] The flanking sequences of T-DNA in the transgenic GbVe1 cotton were obtained and the specific transformation event in the intron of Gohir.D01G157600.1 was further confirmed by PCR.     

TFSQ型高效环保组合式粮食杂质清理筛的研制

通过对振动筛理、垂直风选、旋风分离与沉降系统的研究,研制出集振动筛理、风选、旋风分离沉降、含尘气流循环再利用为一体的TFSQ型高效环保组合式粮食杂质清理筛。经应用测试和专家鉴定:该设备具有清理效率高、清理过程粉尘污染小,使用维护方便、可靠性强等优点,具有广阔的市场推广前景。     

羊传染性脓疱病毒NZ2毒株CBP蛋白结构分析与表位预测

本研究应用生物信息学方法,以ORFV NZ2毒株的CBP蛋白氨基酸序列为研究对象,对CBP蛋白的理化特性、亲水性、跨膜区、信号肽、二级结构、三级结构、B细胞表位和T细胞表位进行了预测分析。结果显示,CBP蛋白的相对分子质量为31.179 89 kDa,理论等电点为4.68,半衰期为30 h,稳定系数为43.06,脂肪族指数为81.78,总平均亲水性为-0.383。CBP蛋白为亲水性蛋白,无跨膜区,不属于跨膜蛋白,存在信号肽;二级结构中α螺旋、β折叠、β转角、无规卷曲分别占38.11%、33.91%、5.94%和10.48%,三级结构形似倒立的哑铃,上下对称。筛选出了6个优势B细胞表位、3个CTL细胞表位,无Th细胞表位。CBP蛋白为亲水性膜外蛋白,细胞表位较少,在细胞膜外为ORFV逃避宿主免疫反应发挥作用。本研究为CBP蛋白的功能研究与ORFV的致病机制研究提供了理论依据。