Epidemiological Cut-off Values (ECOFFs) of Salmonella from Chicken Intestinal Tract for Three Animal-specific Antibiotics

In order to establish epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) of Salmonella for three animal-specific antibiotics (florfenicol,apramycin and danofloxacin) in Guangdong province.A total of 166 strains of Salmonella isolates from chicken intestinal tract from veterinary clinics and farms in Guangdong province in 2017 were recruited in this study,the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of florfenicol,apramycin and danofloxacin were determined in triplicate for each bacterial strain using the agar dilution method on Mueller-Hinton agar plates according to the CLSI reference method (CLSI-M100-S26).ECOFFs were calculated for the MIC data sets by application of nonlinear regression analysis,NRI(normalized resistance interpretation) and ECOFFinder software.MIC distribution of florfenicol,apramycin and danofloxacin against Salmonella from 2 to >512,4 to >512 and 0.015 to 64 μg/mL,respectively.MIC₅₀ and MIC₉₀ for apramycin,florfenicol and danofloxacin were 256 and >512,16 and >512,0.5 and 16 μg/mL,respectively.MIC distribution of apramycin and florfenicol presented obvious unimodal shape,while that of danofloxacin was a discontinuous multi-peak.The ECOFFs of florfenicol,apramycin and danofloxacin were recommended to be 16,16 and 0.125 μg/mL,respectively.In present study,the ECOFFs of Salmonella from chicken intestinal tract for apramycin,florfenicol and danofloxacin were determined,which provided scientific basis for resistance surveillance.     

A SCAR marker linked to the N gene for resistance to root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

The root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are important nematode pests and cause serious diseases in pepper in the world. No molecular markers linked to the nematodes resistance N gene have been reported. In this paper, ‘Carolina Wonder’ (Capsicum annuum L.), a sweet pepper line resistant to root-knot nematode with N gene, ‘20080-5-29’ (C. annuum L.), an inbred line susceptible to root-knot nematode with good horticultural characteristics, and their F₂ progeny with 320 individuals were used as materials. Evaluation of resistance and susceptibility of parental lines, F₁ and F₂ progeny inoculated with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) were carried out. ‘Bulked segregant analysis’ method was used to search for polymorphic markers from 512 pairs of AFLP primers. Based on the assessment of resistance and susceptibility and polymorphism of the AFLP marker in F₂ population, the genetic linkage distance between the AFLP marker and the N gene was estimated. One AFLP marker E39/M41-339 was obtained and transferred to a SCAR marker amplifying a 315 bp DNA fragment linked to the N resistant allele and a 331 bp fragment linked to the N⁺ susceptible allele. The distance between the molecular marker and the nematodes resistance N gene is 6.3 cM. This research delivered a valuable tool for the marker assisted selection of nematodes resistance in pepper.     

河流水质污染中的反问题（Ⅱ）

继续讨论了一类半线性抛物偏微分方程的反问题，在一定条件下，得到了问题的解的存在性，唯一性，并给出了近似解法。     

春小麦航天诱变入选后代的变异研究

本文介绍了小麦纯系克498和龙0657航天诱变第2代(SP2)和第3代(SP3)的入选与决选情况,SP2和SP3代主要农艺性状的变异,SP3代决选株籽粒高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HM-GS)和醇溶蛋白电泳谱带的变异。研究表明:(1)克498 SP2和SP3代的有益变异入选株率和决选株率分别为1.02%、0.81%和2.47%、1.39%;龙0657 SP2和SP3代的有益变异入选株率和决选株率分别为0.97%、0.50%和3.77%、1.68%。(2)克498 SP2和SP3代的入选株主要农艺性状的变异幅度、极值和变异系数与其亲本相比都有很大差异;SP2代的差异大于SP3代;克498 SP2和SP3代的差异大于龙0657 SP2和SP3代的差异。(3)克498和龙0657 SP3代决选株间主要品质性状存在较大差异;0657 SP3决选株间主要品质性状的差异大于克498 SP3代决选株。(4)克498和龙0657 SP3代HMW-GS组成的变异频率分别为8.3%和28.1%。(5)克498和龙0657 SP3代醇溶蛋白电泳谱带变异频率分别为45.8%和50.0%。     

一个改进的土壤铵、磷和钾等温吸附新模型

土壤对养分的吸附特性是土壤化学和植物营养学的重要研究内容。9个供试土壤的NH4+、PO43-和K+吸附试验表明,Langmuir、Freundlish和Temkin等温吸附方程对其有较好的拟合效果,但亦有部分供试土壤的拟合精度不良。本文引进种群生态学的"形状因子d"概念,在Langmuir方程基础上构造了一个新的吸附模型。理论分析表明,新吸附模型综合反映了3个等温吸附方程所描述的吸附特征。模拟结果表明,等温吸附方程模拟不佳的供试土壤,用新模型模拟均能达到显著水平;新吸附模型的拟合精度(R2)高于3个等温吸附方程,且标准差最小。形状因子d的变化幅度在0.608 0～2.929 0,体现了土壤理化性质对NH4+、PO43-和K+等温吸附曲线形状的影响。新吸附模型和Langmuir方程的NH4+、PO43-和K+的qm值之间的线性相关系数分别为0.851 5**、0.825 8**和0.912 8**(n=9)。土壤理化性质分析表明,新吸附模型的PO43-和K+的qm值与土壤有机质之间、土壤NH4+和K+的qm值与CEC之间均有显著水平的线性正相关。NH4+的qm值与土壤碱解氮含量亦呈显著水平的线性正相关,而PO34-的qm值与土壤有效磷含量则呈显著水平的线性负相关。数学形式简洁的新等温吸附模型为采用统一模式定量处理土壤对NH4+、PO43-和K+的吸附特性提供了一条新途径。     

毛竹纤维饱和点随竹龄的变化规律

竹材的纤维饱和点对于竹材的加工利用具有重要指导意义。以毛竹为研究对象,采用力学法和水分吸着等温线法对毛竹纤维饱和点及其随竹龄的变化规律进行了系统研究。结果表明,两种方法所得的纤维饱和点不同,顺纹抗压强度法0.5龄为36.12%;1.5～4.5龄为(24.49±0.78)%,水分吸着等温线法0.5龄为24.51%;1.5～4.5龄为(18.38±0.42)%;两种方法测得纤维饱和点的绝对数值虽然存在一定差异,但随竹龄的变化规律相同,即从0.5龄到1.5龄降幅明显,大于1.5龄后趋于稳定。     

磷酸盐诱导黄瓜系统抗病中主要酶活性的变化

黄瓜幼苗第２叶喷施７５ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＫ２ＨＰＯ４溶液之后,叶片中几丁质酶、β－１,３－葡聚糖酶和过氧化物酶活性明显升高,并诱导第３,４,５叶片中几丁质酶、β－１,３－葡聚糖酶活性增强,从而抵制以后炭疽菌（Ｃｏｌｅｔｏｔｒｉｃｈｕｍｌａｇｅｎａｒｉｕｍ）的侵入。但过氧化物酶活性仅在叶片受到直接诱导时才增强。上述结果表明,几丁质酶、β－１,３－葡聚糖酶活性与诱导系统抗病直接相关,而过氧化物酶活性仅与局部诱发抗病有关。喷施７５ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＫ２ＨＰＯ４溶液能安全、有效地诱导黄瓜抵抗炭疽病。     

新疆各地区建设用地集约利用比较评价

从土地利用强度、土地利用效益、土地投入强度、土地投入产出水平动态变化趋势和生态环境效益5个方面构建建设用地集约利用评价指标体系,并采用多因素综合评价法,从宏观层面对新疆各地区建设用地进行了集约利用评价,同时通过对主要制约因素的分析,揭示了问题的所在以及今后的发展方向.     

长寿湖表层沉积物中磷的赋存形态及生物有效性分析

基于连续提取法对长寿湖15个采样点沉积物中磷的赋存形态进行了研究,并探讨了磷的生物有效性和评价了沉积物的污染性。结果表明：①无机磷(IP)是长寿湖表层沉积物总磷(TP) 中的主要赋存形态,平均占总磷(TP)的74.82%,有机磷(OP)只占较小部分。②无机磷(IP)中自生钙磷(Ca-P)所占比重最大,各形态磷所占比重大小依次为：Ca-P﹥Fe-P﹥Detr-P﹥Ads-P。③相关性分析表明,总磷(TP)的含量及分布主要受到无机磷(IP)的影响,无机磷(IP)受到自生钙磷(Ca-P)的控制。④长寿湖表层沉积物中潜在生物有效磷的含量为412.13～713.25μg•g-1,平均占总磷(TP)的89.98%,具有很强的释磷潜力。⑤长寿湖表层沉积物呈中度污染,应加强监测和治理。     

TiO2/沸石光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能研究

为了制备催化性能优良的负载型TiO2光催化剂,以沸石为载体,采用正交设计法优化了浸渍法制TiO2/沸石光催化剂的工艺参数,以其对硫酸铵溶液中的氨氮降解率为考察指标,对其催化性能进行了研究。结果表明,制备TiO2/沸石光催化剂的最佳工艺条件为:m(TiO2)∶m(沸石)∶m(硅酸钠)=0.7∶10∶15,老化时间24 h,焙烧温度为400℃,焙烧时间1 h。TiO2/沸石光催化剂最佳投放量为1.5 g/L,在紫外光照射下反应4 h,对废水的氨氮去除率可达98.92%。可见,采用优化浸渍法制备的TiO2/沸石光催化剂的光催化性能优良。