Analysis on Mineral Element Contents in Associated with Varietal Type in Core Collection of Yunnan Rice

Eight-element contents of 653 unpolished rice samples harvested from Xingping experiment farm, Yunnan Province under the same ecological conditions were analyzed by ICP-AES method. The mineral elements content were closely related to low diversity, high-yielding, and multi-resistance breeding; The K, Mg, Ca and Mn content in high-yielding and resistant varieties were high, and other nutrients such as P, Fe, Zn and Cu were low, which was connected with the heredity and physiological mechanism of mineral nutrients. There is zonal distribution of mineral elements content from Yunnan rice, especially for P, Fe, Zn and Cu co-related with the diversity center, paddy versus upland, glutinous and non-glutinous, glume-hair versus nuda, rice color, rice flavor, soft rice versus non-soft rice, but it did not find any association with indica-japonica types. The results supported the ecological variety group view of 5-grade taxonomic system “species-subspecies-ecological groups-ecological variety groups - varietal types“ .     

东江1号大麦的选育与高产栽培技术

东江1号是如东县农业技术推广中心与如东中江种业有限公司合作,通过杂交选育的大麦新品种,杂交组合为如东5号92615.     

地貌发育阶段判识方法研究——以泥河沟流域和枣子沟流域为例

为更加准确判识小流域地貌发育阶段,以黄土高原综合治理小流域——陕西省淳化县泥河沟流域和乾县枣子沟流域为例,分别应用盒分维方法和Horton分维方法进行水系分维值的计算,并利用面积高程积分和地貌信息熵进行验证。结果表明,泥河沟和枣子沟流域水系盒分维值分别为1.886和1.827。根据Strahler曲线积分值和地貌信息熵方法验证结果表明,盒分维方法计算的水系分维值对流域地貌发育阶段的判识更加准确、可靠;这2个流域地貌处于侵蚀发育阶段的壮龄期,其生态敏感性整体上处于较低水平,生态环境抗干扰能力增强并趋于更加稳定的状态。     

银杏叶对辣椒植株发酵液自毒作用的化感调控

采用1/2霍格兰（Hoagland）营养液水培法,研究辣椒植株发酵液的自毒作用及银杏叶发酵液和 再腐解液对其的调控作用。结果表明,辣椒植株发酵液使辣椒受到自毒作用,根系活力下降,相对电导 率增大。银杏叶发酵液加重了辣椒植株发酵液的自毒作用,并且与其浓度成正相关。银杏叶再腐解液缓 解了辣椒的自毒作用,缓解效果与再腐解液的浓度有关。     

Relationship Between the First Base of the Donor Splice Site of Waxy Gene Intron 1 and Amylose Content in Yunnan Indigenous Rice Varieties

There exists a single nucleotide polymorphism, G or T, at the first base of the donor splice site of waxy gene intron 1 in rice. In order to study the relationship between the first base of the donor splice site of waxy gene intron 1 and amylose content in rice, the one-step PCR method was used to determine whether it is G or T in 220 Yunnan indigenous rice varieties from 14 districts, 55 towns/counties of Yunnan Province, and 101 varieties of which were validated by the PCR-Acc I method. According to the G/T polymorphism, 164 rice varieties showed GG-genotype, while the other 56 fell into TT-genotype, accounting for 74.5% and 25.5% of all the test varieties, respectively. When all the rice varieties were divided into indica and japonica subspecies, it was found that 80.5% of indica rice and 67.0% of japonica rice belonged to GG-genotype. The rice varieties with GG-genotype had significantly higher amylose content (18.95% on average) than those with TT-genotype (all below 16%), but 33 rice varieties with GG-genotype still had low amylose content ranging from 3.91% to 15.93%, and most of them came from the Dai minority area in the Southwest of Yunnan Province. However, there was no significant difference in the mean amylose content of the same GG or TT genotypes between indica and japonica rice, suggesting that different genetic backgrounds, indica or japonica, had no effect on amylose content. The coefficient of correlation between the genotype and amylose content was 0.733 (P<0.01).     

地面遥感监测系统在水土保持监测中的应用初探

目前我国"3S"技术广泛应用于地质、军事、交通、环境、林业等多种领域。如果地面遥感监测系统能在水土保持监测中得到充分应用,将使部分监测工作自动化、数字化、高效化。使水土保持监测工作更加系统、完善。就地面遥感监测系统在水土流失动态监测、水土保持工程验收、效益评估、监督执法等方面的应用进行了初步探讨。     

Co~(60)-γ射线诱变宝巾(Bougainvillea)的生物学效应研究

研究宝巾品种辐射处理后VM1代的生物学效应,为宝巾的辐射育种提供理论依据。以宝巾(B.glabra)和毛宝巾(B.spectabilis)为材料,通过不同剂量水平的Co60-γ射线处理,研究辐射剂量与其存活率、变异率的相关性,观察记录不同剂量下诱变株的生长表现,总结主要的变异性状类型。结果表明:在一定剂量Co60-γ射线范围内,辐射剂量和宝巾品种存活率呈负相关,和变异率呈正相关;毛宝巾的剂量敏感区域在50～150Gy,而宝巾的剂量敏感区域可能在150～200Gy,毛宝巾的辐射敏感性要高于宝巾;建立了毛宝巾剂量与存活率的线性回归方程:y=-0.409 8x+85.176,R2=0.989 8,并由此计算毛宝巾的半致死剂量(LD50)为86Gy;VM1代出现的各类叶变异性状主要为叶卷曲、叶残缺、叶皱缩、黄化叶等。     

几个新育成粳型光温敏核不育系的配合力分析

用6个粳型光温敏核不育系(5个新育成和1个对照)和6个恢复系组成6×6不完全双列杂交,对11个主要农艺性状进行了配合力分析。结果表明,亲本的一般配合力效应在杂种F1的表现中比特殊配合力效应起着更重要的作用。各不育系单株产量的GCA效应与对照相比没有显著差异。Y27S、117S、118S的每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、着粒密度属Ⅰ、Ⅱ类亲本,有效穗数、播始历期和全生育期属Ⅲ、Ⅳ类亲本,可用作选配早熟高产大穗型组合的亲本;B30S的有效穗数、结实率属Ⅰ类亲本,可用作选配多穗型组合的亲本。各性状的群体配合力方差组成中,单株产量的加性效应占57.72%,非加性效应占42.28%,相差不大,其余性状均以加性效应占主导地位。     

云南地方稻核心种质利用研究Ⅰ.农艺性状的表现及遗传多样性

核心种质如何创新和有效利用是目前植物遗传资源研究的主要内容,为此,以云南地方稻(Oryza sativa L.)种资源核心种质519份和497个F1杂交组合为研究材料,研究了籼(Indica)、粳(Japonica)2个亚种间、5个稻作生态区和16个行政地区的遗传多样性和遗传分化分布趁势.研究结果表明,云南稻种资源遗传多样性大,稻区间遗传多样性差异不明显,地区间遗传多样性差异较明显,遗传多样性中心在滇西南(西双版纳、思茅、临沧、德宏),遗传多样性的形成与生态环境息息相关,粳稻表型遗传多样性大于籼稻.核心种质中籼稻与滇屯502的杂种一代总的遗传多样性和遗传分化均增加;粳稻与合系35的杂种一代总的遗传多样性降低,但亲本与F1的遗传多样性的差异不显著,遗传分化增加.应加强对遗传多样性中心的遗传资源进行深入研究,以便使这些宝贵资源在遗传改良中发挥其应有的作用.