品种稳定性的意义及其测定方法(综述)

本文介绍了品种稳定性的两个基本概念:一个稳定的基因型在不同的环境条件下必须具有最小的方差(“生物学概念”);以生态效价来度量,一个稳定的基因型必须与环境具有最小的互作(“农艺学概念”)。根据稳定性的两种概念,本文分类介绍了作物育种中常用的几种品种稳定性分析方法、并且对各种稳定性分析方法及其遗传机制进行了讨论。     

Spatial regulation of an E3 ubiquitin ligase directs selective synapse elimination

Stereotyped synaptic connectivity can arise both by precise recognition between appropriate partners during synaptogenesis and by selective synapse elimination. The molecular mechanisms that underlie selective synapse removal are largely unknown. We found that stereotyped developmental elimination of synapses in the Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodite-specific motor neuron (HSNL) was mediated by an E3 ubiquitin ligase, a Skp1-cullin-F-box (SCF) complex composed of SKR-1 and the F-box protein SEL-10. SYG-1, a synaptic adhesion molecule, bound to SKR-1 and inhibited assembly of the SCF complex, thereby protecting nearby synapses. Thus, subcellular regulation of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation contributes to precise synaptic connectivity through selective synapse elimination.     

Site‐specific management is crucial to managing Mikania micrantha

Increasingly, weeds have been taking on global distributions. With the proliferation of invasive weeds has come the challenge of managing these species over broad geographical regions, with diverse habitats and political jurisdictions. Here, we review the management of Mikania micrantha Kunth (Asteraceae; mile‐a‐minute) throughout its invaded range, extending through most of the Pacific islands and southern and south‐east Asia. Context matters when determining the best course of action for managing M. micrantha, as it has invaded a large variety of agricultural and natural systems. In Queensland, Australia and Florida, USA, M. micrantha has been targeted in relatively successful eradication campaigns, highlighting the importance of early detection and rapid response methods, while elsewhere in its invaded range, populations are either still increasing or showing limited signs of decline. An inter‐regional approach to research and management should incorporate successful management strategies employed throughout the invaded range including, but not limited to, chemical and cultural control practices, manual and mechanical control, classical biological control using the rust fungus Puccinia spegazzinii, plant–plant competition and integrated approaches utilising two or more control methods concurrently. Additional knowledge of M. micrantha genetics is required to determine if management approaches could be fine‐tuned for particular populations. Countries bordering the Mekong River formed a network in 2011 to co‐ordinate the management of invasive species such as M. micrantha. Expanding such a collaborative approach to other regions could further reduce populations of M. micrantha and limit its spread.     

用二步法生产天然食用栀子蓝色素

采用微生物发酵和酶促反应分开的方法（二步法）制得色泽鲜明的栀子蓝色素。结果表明，栀子果粉中与京尼平甙共存的α－藏花素是影响色素色泽的主要因素之一。用一种大网孔树脂栀子水浸液过柱吸附，可将京尼平甙与藏花素分离。氨基酸种类对二步法形成色素的色泽影响甚大。其中亮氨酸，精氨酸和苯丙氨酸所形成色素的色泽最佳，呈美丽蓝色。     

浙江省农民专业合作社的投资风险与控制研究

以浙江省农民专业合作社为研究对象,通过实地调查问卷、走访的方式,研究分析了其投资方面存在的风险,并根据现状提出了几点相应的控制措施。研究工作从浙江省农民专业合作社的特点及其财务管理的环境出发,概括出浙江省农民专业合作社投资的现状,揭示浙江省农民专业合作社投资方面存在的风险,结合问卷调查的数据结果重点分析投资的现状及成因,进而针对问题提出风险控制的思路与具体措施。     

用发酵酸法提取营养酸模叶蛋白的工艺

分别用德氏乳杆菌发酵淀粉糖化液和泡菜水作为母酸,对营养酸模榨汁液进行发酵制备发酵酸,用来沉淀叶蛋白。用由德氏乳杆菌制成的发酵酸沉淀叶蛋白,其粗蛋白的质量分数为59．22％～61．25％,提取率为35．3％～43．5％;用由泡菜水制成的发酵酸沉淀叶蛋白,其粗蛋白的质量分数为56．32％～59．48％,提取率为40．00％～44．97％。     

弗吉尼亚霉素促进肉鸡生长的研究

本试验应用5mg·kg~(-1)(Ⅰ)、10mg·kg~(-1)(Ⅱ)和20mg·kg~(-1)(Ⅲ)3个剂量的弗吉尼亚霉素,并设20mg·kg~(-1)杆菌肽锌(Ⅳ)组和空白对照(Ⅴ)组,对900只 AA 肉鸡进行对比饲养试验。在整个试验期间,与空白对照组比较,试验Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ和Ⅳ组肉鸡的增重分别提高了2.23%,5.42%,5.15%和2.52%;饲料/增重分别降低了1.30%,4.35%,4.35%和1.30%;肉鸡的死亡率分别下降了0%,2.22%,1.67%和0.55%;经济效益分别提高了3.39%,11.445,9.11%和3.81%。并且试验Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组肉鸡的增重、饲料转化率和经济效益均明显(P<0.05)高于试验Ⅳ组。试验各组的屠宰指标无明显差异(P>0.05)。从上所述,肉鸡饲料中添加弗吉尼亚霉素或杆菌肽锌均能降低肉鸡死亡率,提高肉鸡增重、饲料转化率和经济效益,其中10mg·kg~(-1)和20mg·kg~(-1)弗吉尼亚霉素组的效果优于其它各组。建议在肉鸡生产中使用弗吉尼亚霉素的推荐剂量为10～20mg·kg~(-1)。     

出口盐渍茄子品种比较试验

通过对3个盐渍茄子品种的比较试验,结果表明,＂千两＂品种表现出单果较重、产量较高等特点。但＂仙台＂品种肉质嫩,口感显著好于＂真仙＂和＂千两＂2个品种,且一级品率较高,在收获期枯萎病和绵疫病发病率较＂真仙＂和＂千两＂2个品种低。因此,仙台品种可作为盐渍茄子的主栽品种,但需进一步试种,以保证其可靠性。     

散叶莴苣灰霉病药剂筛选试验

为筛选出散叶莴苣灰霉病防治药剂,本文进行了10%多抗霉素可湿性粉剂、45%异菌腺悬浮剂、20%丁子香酚水乳剂、50%啜酰菌胺水分散粒剂不同浓度对散叶莴苣的田间药效试验。结果表明,于莴苣灰霉病发生初期连续防治2次,药后7、14d45%异菌腺悬浮剂、50%喘酰菌胺水分散粒剂效果表现优越,最终病指防效均达80%以上,且对莴苣生长安全,无残留。     

文丘里差压式喷灌施肥装置的性能研究

本文主要介绍100PS－1型文丘里差压式施肥装置的工作原理、水力学性能、施肥罐内肥料浓度的变化规律及施肥均匀度的试验数据。通过对试验结果的研究分析,我们认为采用这种形式施肥装置是完全符合喷灌系统对施肥的要求的。