金融危机对北京旅游业的影响分析

构建北京旅游本底趋势模型,从入境旅游、国内旅游两方面分析金融危机对北京旅游业的影响.研究表明:1)金融危机对北京入境游客规模与经济规模造成了严重的冲击,其中2008年与2009年的入境游客规模受到的影响最大(年客流损失率分别为15.91％与9.18％),2009年入境旅游经济规模的年收入损失率最大(8.35％),入境旅游客源空间2008年呈现萎缩状态,但2009年以后逐渐恢复.2)金融危机对北京国内旅游业的冲击和影响并不明显.3)受金融危机影响,2008年北京游客总量呈现明显下降趋势,损失客流量为1200万人次,至201 1年旅游人次开始回升;2008-2010年旅游经济规模受到金融危机的影响较小.     

Nutrient uptake requirements with increasing grain yield for rice in China

Improved estimates of nutrient requirements for rice（Oryza sativa L.）in China are essential to optimize fertilization regulation for increasing grain yields and reducing the potential of environmental negative influences,especially under high-yielding intensive systems.A database involving rice grain yields,nutrient concentrations and accumulations collected from on-field station experiments in the literatures published from 2000 to 2013 in China was developed to understand the relationships between grain yields and plant nutrient uptakes,and to quantify nutrient requirements for different yield levels.Considering all data sets,rice grain yield ranged from 1.4 to 15.2t ha^-1with the mean value of 7.84t ha^-1,and ca.10.4%of yield observations were higher than the yield barrier level of 10 t ha^-1.N requirement to produce one ton grain was 21.10 kg for the yield range<4.0t ha^-1with a high variation of 45.8%.Except of the yield range<4.0t ha^-1,the values of N requirement,firstly increased from 18.78 kg for yield range 4.0-5.5 t ha^-1to 20.62 kg for yield range 7.0-8.5 t ha^-1,then decreased slightly to 19.67 and19.17 kg for the yield range 8.5-10 and>10 t ha^-1,respectively.Phosphorus（P）and potassium（K）requirements showed increasing trends,from 3.51 and 19.87 kg per t grain for<4.0 t ha^-1yield range to 4.10 and 21.70 kg for>10.0t ha^-1range.In conclusion,nutrient requirement varied with increasement of grain yield,and N,P and K presented various response trends,increasing,declining or stagnating,which would be of great benefit for improving fertilizer strategies.     

植物营养学在经济林研究中的运用

植物营养学是研究植物对营养物质的吸收、运输、转化和利用规律及植物与外界环境之间营养物质和能量交换的学科,在农林生产中运用广泛.文中结合植物营养学科的研究概况及趋势,简要介绍其在经济林品种选育、营养诊断与施肥、树体调控及抗逆研究中的运用,并对今后经济林营养学的研究方向进行了探讨.     

Molecular Cloning,Sequence Analysis and Tissues Expression Profile of Part of Mink Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) Genes

The present study was aimed to explore the potential role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on the mink immunity, and accumulate alternative genetic material for the mink breeding for disease-resistant.Four pairs of primers were designed according to ferret TLR sequences in GenBank to obtain the sequences of TLR genes (TLR4, TLR6, TLR7 and TLR8) of mink and then performed bioinformatics analysis of these sequences.In addition, the expression of TLR4 and TLR7 genes in various tissues in young and adult minks were analyzed by RT-PCR. Sequence homology analysis showed that mink had higher homology with carnivora (ferrets, polar bear, panda, walrus, seals, dog, tiger and cat) which had the nearest perimeter in the phylogenetic tree.Tissue expression analysis showed that TLR4 and TLR7 were widely and differently expressed in variety tissues of mink.Interestingly, the expression of TLR4 and TLR7 in young mink were much higher than that in adult mink.     

洛阳地区园林常绿阔叶树种资源及其应用

为了对洛阳市的生态环境建设提供参考,对洛阳地区常绿阔叶树种进行了实地调查.结果表明,洛阳地区园林中应用的常绿阔叶树种共有58种,其中,乔木9种,灌木39种、藤本4种及竹类6种;野生常绿阔叶树种10余种.并针对应用中存在的问题,提出相应的发展对策.     

Revelation of Rural System of Medical Services in BRICS to China

In recent years, the great achievements of basic medical and healthcare services of BRICS have gained great attention and acknowledgement from the whole world. In their medical system reform, India, Br...     

基于支持向量机的农机装备水平差异分类研究

针对黑龙江垦区各农场农机装备水平不平衡差异问题,采用支持向量机多类分类和主成分分析相结合的方法进行研究。将农机装备水平分为3个等级水平,从总量、速度和均量3方面选取10个评价指标;采用主成分分析法确定5个主要合成指标;建立多类分类支持向量机新模型,把新模型转化成一个互补问题,利用Lagrangian隐函数进一步转化成一个强凸的无约束优化问题,采取快速牛顿算法进行求解;利用实证调研数据,从发展差异度的角度对黑龙江垦区98个农场农机装备水平的差异进行多指标分析,在分类的准确度和训练速度方面都有很好的表现。     

饲粮中添加杜仲叶粉对肥育猪生长和胴体肉质影响的研究

研究测定了杜仲叶粉营养成分含量并以3%和4%杜仲叶粉替代饲粮中相同量的小麦次粉对长大二元肥育猪生长性能和胴体肉质进行测定。结果表明:杜仲叶粉中含粗蛋白质10.46%,粗脂肪4.10%,高于一般谷物籽实,维生素C和核黄素含量丰富。从杜仲叶粉中分离和提取出17种氨基酸,其中谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸和亮氨酸含量较高。饲粮中添加3%和4%杜仲叶粉对肥育猪的日增重无促进作用,但3%杜仲叶粉组对提高屠宰率和改善肉质方面效果明显,能明显增大眼肌面积,降低滴水损失,提高肌肉嫩度,增加干物质和肌内脂肪含量。3%优于4%杜仲叶粉添加量。     

不同日龄滩羊皮肤组织化学特征比较

为比较2、35日龄滩羊皮肤毛囊的发育特点与血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor，VEGF）和血管内皮生长因子受体2（vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2，VEGFR2）的分布特征，探究出生后滩羊被毛生长发育的变化特点，试验应用常规HE染色及改良Masson胶原纤维染色、Gomori银氨法染色、磷钨酸染色等特殊染色观察2与35日龄滩羊皮肤组织结构特点；应用免疫组织化学法结合免疫荧光染色法观察VEGF及VEGFR2在2与35日龄滩羊皮肤组织中的分布定位，并用IPP图像分析软件进行定量分析。结果显示：与2日龄滩羊皮肤组织比较，35日龄滩羊表皮与真皮间界限更加清晰，毛囊结构发育完整；毛囊密度显著降低（P<0.05）；胶原纤维与弹性纤维含量增加，形成网格状分布。免疫组化及免疫荧光结果显示，VEGF及VEGFR2在滩羊皮肤表皮及毛囊外根鞘、皮脂腺上均有表达。统计表明，VEGF及VEGFR2在2日龄滩羊皮肤组织中的表达量均显著高于35日龄（P<0.05）。综合上述结果，滩羊毛囊发育过程中，胶原纤维和弹性纤维增加明显；VEGF与VEGFR2通路在毛囊角质形成中起直接调节作用。     

萎凋过程鲜叶理化特性变化及其调控技术研究进展

萎凋是红茶、乌龙茶等发酵茶加工的重要工序之一,对茶叶感官品质影响明显。萎凋过程中,随着水分的不断散失,鲜叶的呼吸作用持续进行,内质成分发生剧烈变化,促使萎凋叶物理特性发生改变,为后续工序和品质形成提供特定的物质和叶形基础。文章对萎凋过程中鲜叶的物理特性和生化成分变化规律,以及目前萎凋工艺关键参数的调控技术等进行了系统综述。可精准调控环境温度、湿度、光照、通气状况等参数的设施萎凋技术是今后萎凋技术发展的重要方向。