感染松材线虫病松树滑刃目线虫调查

 本研究首次在全国范围内调查感染松材线虫病松树体内滑刃目线虫的种群组成,包括种类记述和数量组成分析。结果表明:在300份样品中共分离得到10种滑刃目线虫,隶属于3科、4属,其中有2个国内新记录种;它们是松材线虫、拟松材线虫、霍夫曼尼伞滑刃线虫、薄荷滑刃线虫、大核滑刃线虫、小麦长尾线虫(国内新记录种)、爱尔密那长尾线虫(国内新记录种)、李氏长尾线虫、吴氏长尾线虫和外滑刃科线虫一种;描述并且图示比较它们的形态特征。种群数量组成分析表明:松材线虫在感病松树体内占据绝对的优势,削弱了松树线虫群落组成的多样性,即线虫群落结构趋向单一化。研究还表明,利用长尾属线虫的捕食习性来控制中国松材线虫病的流行与危害值得进一步探索与研究。     

3种保藏方法对66种大型真菌活力影响

对斜面低温保藏法、胶塞封口保藏法和石蜡油保藏法在180 d里保藏50种野生大型真菌和16种栽培食用菌的效果进行评价,期间每隔45 d对菌丝活力进行检测。结果表明:胶塞封口保藏法对大部分保藏菌株的保藏效果都比较好,只有脐顶小皮伞保藏效果比较差。斜面低温保藏法比较适合短期1～2个月保藏菌株。石蜡油保藏法对菌丝活力有较大影响,但适合长时间保藏菌株。     

芋优异种质资源鉴定评价研究

对农业行业标准《农作物种质资源鉴定评价规范芋》编制的技术路线进行了分析研究,以期为芋优异种质资源的鉴定评价提供参考。     

Relationship between Th1/Th2 balance and CD28/CTLA-4 expression on peripheral blood T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

AIM: To investigate the pattern of Th1/Th2 balance in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) patients and the relationship between CD28/CTLA-4(cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4) molecule expression and Th1/Th2 balance.METHODS: Eighteen SLE patients met the ARA 1997 updated SLE criteria were selected in the study. According to Bombardier's SLEDAI criteria, all patients were classified into two groups: active group(12 cases) and static group(6 cases). Fourteen normal individuals, matched for age and sex of the patients, served as controls. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and cultured in RPMI-1640 culture medium. After treated with PMA(5 μg/L) and ionomycin(500 μg/L) for 72 h, the PBMCs were collected, the contents of IFN-γ and IL-10 in the supernatant of cultured PBMCs were detected using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The expression of CD28 and CTLA-4 molecules on T cells were detected by flow cytometric technique with double staining by FITC or PE labeled monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: The level of IL-10 was higher in the PBMCs of active and static SLE patients(351.29 ng/L±153.31 ng/L and 319.37 ng/L±153.39 ng/L) than that in controls(254.48 ng/L±120.69 ng/L), but the difference did not reach statistical significance(P>0.05). The level of IFN-γ was significantly lower in the PBMCs of active SLE patients(25.76 ng/L±16.09 ng/L) than that in controls(50.71 ng/L±27.92 ng/L, P＜0.05). The ratio of IL-10/IFN-γ was significantly higher in active SLE patients(18.74±13.77) than that in controls(6.66±4.95, P<0.05). Either before or after culture, the expression of CD28 molecule on CD3⁺and CD8⁺ T cells from all SLE patients was not remarkably different from that in the cells of controls. Before culture, the expression of CTLA-4 molecule on CD3⁺T cells of active SLE patients(0.79%+0.37%) was significantly lower than that in the cells of controls(1.31%+0.61%, P<0.05). After culture, the expression of CTLA-4 molecule on CD3⁺ T cells of SLE patients was still lower than that in the cells of normal controls without statistical significance(P＞0.05).The expression level of CD28 molecule on CD3⁺ or CD8⁺ T cells in active SLE patients and controls was not correlated with the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 in the supernatants(P＞0.05). The level of CTLA-4 molecule expression on CD3⁺ T cells of active SLE patients was positively correlated with IFN-γ level(r=0.681, P<0.05), while was negatively correlated with IL-10 levels(r=-0.624,P＜0.05) and the ratio of IL-10/IFN-γ(r=-0.738, P<0.01). The level of CTLA-4 molecule expression on CD3⁺ or CD8⁺ T cells of controls showed no correlation with IFN-γ levels, while showed negative correlations with IL-10 level(r=-0.587, P<0.05; r=-0.563, P<0.05, respectively).CONCLUSION: There is a bias in the differentiation of Th0 cells towards Th2 in SLE patients. CTLA-4 probably plays an important role in this mechanism through suppressing the signal transmitted by CD28.     

单核细胞增生性李斯特菌iap基因的原核表达

该研究利用自行设计的引物通过PCR方法扩增出单核细胞增生性李斯特菌 Listeria monocytogenes C5305 株的iap基因,在iap基因的5'端和3'端分别引入EcoR Ⅰ和Xho Ⅰ 2 个酶切位点并将其克隆到pET-28a表达载体上,经PCR鉴定、酶切鉴定和核苷酸序列测定后获得重组质粒 pET-28a-iap,将该重组质粒转化人大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3)pLysS,经1 mmol/LIPTG诱导4～6 h后,通过SDS-PAGE及Western-blotting鉴定,证明该基因得到表达,表达产物相对分子质量约为60 000,以可溶形式存在.     

山羊经济性状候选基因研究进展

通过对山羊经济性状候选基因和山羊经济性状的常用分子标记方法的研究,提出了小羊经济性状候选基因的研究意义,以亟利用这些信息选育产肉香、产毛好、产奶多的优良山羊新品种。     

氯磺隆与过氧化氢酶相互作用对其活性的影响

用油菜作为指示作物,采用高锰酸钾滴定法,通过水培试验研究了除草剂氯磺隆与过氧化氢酶相互作用对它们活性的相互影响。结果表明,除草剂氯磺隆与过氧化氢酶作用后,氯磺隆对过氧化氢酶的活性没有影响：而过氧化氢酶的存在使除草剂氯磺隆容易被植物体吸收,使氯磺隆与受体作用增强。     

猪粪沼液培养微藻系统中试试验

为实现猪粪沼液资源化的大规模应用,该研究以小球藻（Chlorella E2E）为试验藻种,开展了中试规模的\     

基于红光波段冠层SIF降尺度的小麦条锈病遥感监测

为减弱冠层几何结构等因素对传感器探测到的冠层日光诱导叶绿素荧光（Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence,SIF）的影响,探讨了条锈病胁迫下红光波段荧光（Red SIF,RSIF）的响应特性,并以RSIF为自变量构建了小麦条锈病遥感监测的线性回归（Simple linear regression,SLR）及非线性回归（Non-linear regression,NLR）模型。结果表明：叶片尺度RSIF在小麦条锈病遥感监测中具有较大优势,其与小麦条锈病病情严重度（Severity level,SL）间相关系数较远红光波段SIF（Far-red SIF,FRSIF）提高132%,以叶片尺度RSIF为自变量构建的SLR及NLR模型预测DSL与实测DSL之间R2较FRSIF分别增加9.8%、38.9%,RMSE分别降低23.1%、36.4%。此外,降尺度处理能够提高RSIF监测小麦条锈病的精度,叶片尺度RSIF与DSL之间R2较冠层尺度增加126.3%,以叶片尺度RSIF为自变量构建的SLR和NLR模型预测DSL与实测DSL间R2较冠层尺度分别提高114.3%和233.3%,RMSE分别降低16.7%、15.4%。本文提出方法可提高小麦条锈病遥感监测精度,同时对其它胁迫的遥感监测具有一定的参考价值。     

膳食纤维定义与来源科学共识(2021)

由于环境保护和成本控制的需要,植物性饲料原料在水产配合饲料中的用量越来越高。植物性原料中含有丰富的膳食纤维 (DFs),使许多商品饲料中的DFs达30%以上,但由此带来的对水产动物的生理影响仍鲜受关注。本文介绍了DFs的定义、分类、理化特性、可发酵性及常见植物性饲料原料中DFs的含量,重点介绍了作者及团队在鱼类DFs营养生理方面的研究发现。研究表明,黄颡鱼摄食含20%~30% DFs的饲料后会出现出血、白便、肠炎、腐皮、烂鳃、肝脂肪变性和纤维化、绿肝、白肝、胆囊肿大等症状及暴发性死亡。大口黑鲈和草鱼摄食高DFs饲料后也有相似症状。DFs的致病作用不仅与饲料中DFs含量有关,还与DFs种类有关,果胶对黄颡鱼的致病性比纤维素强得多。DFs的致病机制与其对胆汁酸 (BAs)稳态和肠道微生物稳态的干扰有关。因DFs具有结合BAs的特性,这会阻碍BAs对法尼醇X受体 (FXR)等BAs受体的激活,而FXR负反馈调控BAs的合成并抑制炎症反应,因此,大量DFs进入肠道后就会引起BAs合成亢进,提高组织中BAs水平及其疏水性并干扰BAs循环节律,再由BAs的细胞毒性引起炎症反应和组织坏死。DFs还具有可发酵性,引起肠道微生物结构改变,或由BAs的抗菌作用引起肠道微生物结构改变,进而加剧包括BAs在内的代谢紊乱。DFs的致病性与其他胁迫作用具有叠加效应,加重疾病症状和进展。从DFs的致病机制出发,通过控制DFs摄入种类和摄入量、向饲料中添加BAs及牛磺酸、防止DFs与其他胁迫因子的叠加效应等方式可防控DFs诱导的疾病。本研究首次阐述了DFs过量摄入对鱼类的致病性及其潜在机制,为植物性饲料原料的高值化利用及饲料配制技术优化提供了新视角,为鱼类病害防控提供了新途径。研究结果也提示未来应进一步阐明不同植物性原料中DFs的种类、含量和特性以及水产动物对DFs的耐受范围。