日粮硒水平对虹鳟肌肉蛋白质自噬性降解的影响

为了探究日粮硒水平对虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)肌肉生长和肌肉蛋白质自噬性降解的影响, 以酵母硒为硒源, 配制 3 种硒水平的日粮: 缺硒(DSe, 0 mg/kg)、足量硒(ASe, 4.0 mg/kg)、过量硒(ESe, 16.0 mg/kg), 对虹鳟进行 10 周的养殖实验。结果表明, DSe 和 ESe 组虹鳟的增重率、肌纤维直径与肌肉蛋白质含量显著低于 ASe 组(P＜0.05)。 此外, DSe 和 ESe 组虹鳟肌肉中自噬相关基因(Atg4b、Atg12l、LC3B、Atg13、Atg7、Atg5)的表达量显著高于 ASe 组(P＜0.05); 并且其自噬标志物肌肉微管相关蛋白轻链 3-II (LC3-II)的水平相对于 ASe 组显著升高, 而 P62 的含量显著降低(P＜0.05)。同时对自噬的上游调节通路蛋白激酶 B-雷帕霉素靶蛋白(Akt-TOR)通路进行了检测, 发现日粮硒的缺乏和过量均显著抑制了虹鳟肌肉中 Akt 和 TOR 的磷酸化水平, 降低了 Akt-TOR 通路的活性。对腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶 α(AMPKα)的磷酸化分析也表明, DSe 和 ESe 组虹鳟肌肉的 AMPK 活性显著升高。在对虹鳟肌肉氧化状态的分析中也发现 DSe和 ESe组的虹鳟肌肉中丙二醛(MDA)和脂质过氧化物(LPO)的含量显著增加, 表明其肌肉氧化应激加剧, 这可能是日粮硒影响 Akt-TOR 和 AMPK 通路的一种途径。综上所述, 日粮硒的缺乏和过量通过抑制 Akt-TOR 的活性, 激活 AMPK 通路, 促进了虹鳟肌肉蛋白质的自噬性降解, 本研究结果为进一步研究硒对鱼类肌肉生长的调控机制奠定了基础。     

白鹭大肠埃希菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验

对3份白鹭新鲜粪便进行细菌分离纯化、染色镜检和生化鉴定,并用Kirby-Bauer法对分离细菌用30种抗菌药进行了耐药性试验。结果表明,分离到3株革兰阴性小杆菌为大肠埃希菌,分别编号为E1、E2和E3。3株白鹭大肠埃希菌都对青霉素G、阿莫西林、万古霉素和洁霉素耐药,对常用广谱抗菌药物有2重以上耐药性,但对试验用的氨基苷类抗生素、喹诺酮类药物和复方新诺明高度敏感。     

北京市批发市场农产品来源地分析

北京是中国最大的销地市场,外地农产品供应北京市的比例较高,而各省市农产品的供应比例还没有确切的说法。对北京市7个批发市场的农产品来源地比例数据进行算数平均,河北省、山东省、天津市是北京市蔬菜、肉禽和淡水鱼的主要供应地,不同的品种产地有一定的差异。加强重点地区和区域的农产品监测,加强与产地市场的联系,对保障北京市农产品市场供应,稳定北京市农产品市场价格具有重要的作用。     

稻田甲烷排放与减排的研究进展

水稻作为最主要的粮食作物之一,对保证粮食供应和社会稳定起十分积极的作用。但稻田也是农田甲烷排放的主要来源,对全球温室效应有重要作用。从稻田甲烷排放机理、影响稻田甲烷排放的因素以及稻田甲烷减排的技术措施等方面综述了稻田甲烷的研究进展,并提出了未来开展稻田甲烷的研究方向,以期为进一步控制稻田甲烷排放提供一定参考。     

蔬菜钾素营养的研究现状与展望

概述了目前国内外钾素在蔬菜作物栽培上的研究概况,从钾的植物生理学研究、钾对蔬菜作物产量、品质、抗逆性以及氮钾元素相互作用等方面作了比较详细的总结。钾几乎影响植物体内所有的代谢过程,包括光合作用、同化产物运转和分配、能量代谢、水分代谢、氮素代谢等许多方面。由于钾素影响了植株的代谢过程,从而对作物生长和产量形成具有积极作用,同时钾作为品质元素,可以提高果实的品质,但也有相反的报道。在总结前人研究的基础上对今后蔬菜钾素营养的研究提出了一些建议。随着蔬菜保护地的日益发展,科学地施用钾肥,明确钾及氮钾互作在蔬菜生理上的作用以及根据土壤和植株指标对土壤钾素盈亏进行诊断应是今后研究的主要方向。     

除草用四足机器人稳定性的判定与分析

针对除草用四足机器人在不规则农田地面行走稳定性难以评定的问题,在力–角稳定性度量法的基础上,提出了三棱锥法,根据对其角点倾翻角和轴线倾翻角的推导,得到用最小稳定角作稳定性的评判标准。引入倾翻性能系数综合评价四足机器人的静态和动态稳定性,并通过数值模拟,讨论在不规则农田里的地面倾角、外载荷及外力矩对机器人稳定性的影响。使用由舵机驱动的8自由度,尺寸为170 mm×130 mm×140 mm的机器人物理样机在0°~45°的不规则玉米地上进行试验,测量最小稳定角。结果表明:合外力与地面倾角对机器人稳定性影响显著,地面倾角对其影响接近线性单调,试验所测最小稳定角度值与预测结果相比,平均相对误差为9.46%,相关系数为0.979 6。     

三种植物精油对致倦库蚊成蚊的熏蒸活性及其混配增效作用

研究了香樟叶、香樟果实、天竺桂叶的水蒸气蒸馏精油对致倦库蚊Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus成蚊的熏蒸活性及其混配增效作用。结果表明:用香樟叶、香樟果实和天竺桂叶精油对致倦库蚊熏蒸20 min后,其24 h的LC50值分别为7.47、4.92和5.70μg/cm3;在设定的熏蒸剂量下,3种精油的半数击倒时间(KT50值)分别为16.62、15.91和16.98 min。将香樟叶精油与天竺桂叶精油以体积比1∶9、3∶7和5∶5混配,其共毒系数分别为152.09、158.20和152.86;将香樟果实精油与天竺桂叶精油以体积比1∶9、5∶5和7:3混配,其共毒系数分别为145.73、146.30和139.79。表明3种植物精油均对致倦库蚊成蚊具有显著的熏蒸活性,将其以适当比例混配后具有增效作用。     

Influence of murine cytomegalovirus infection on the differentiation and the differentiation genes expression in neural stem cells

AIM: The influence of MCMV infection on differentiation and differentiation gene expression in neural stem cells(NSCs) in vitro were investigated for studying the mechanisms of brain abnormalities caused by congenital cytomegalovirus infection.METHODS: NSCs were separated from fetal BALB/C mouse, and cultured and identified in vitro. The differentiation potency of NSCs was observed by immunofluorescence. The NSCs infected by MCMV at dosage of MOI(multiplicity of infection) equaled to 5, 1 and 0.1,respectively, were cultured in differentiation medium. The morphological changes of infected cells were observed under inverted microscope. The ratios of NSCs and its differentiated cells were detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of nestin, GFAP and NSE, markers of NSCs and its differentiated cells, were studied by immunofluorescence(MOI=1). The expression of early antigen(EA) of MCMV was detected to observe the infection process. Real-time RT-PCR method was employed to measure the expression levels of the key genes Neurog2, Myc and Ccnd1 in Wnt signal pathway of NSCs at early stage of differentiation culture.RESULTS: NSCs isolated from embryonic mouse brains proliferated to form neurospheres, strongly expressed nestin and differentiated into NF-200 positive neurons or GFAP positive astrocytes. The infected NSCs did not adhere to the wall and appeared differentiation growths, but showed swollen gradually after differentiation culture. The nestin expression in the infected cells downregulated slowly and was higher than that in control groups(P<0.05). The GFAP and NSE expressions of the infected cells were lower than those in control groups(P<0.05). The early antigen(EA) of MCMV was always detected in the cells in infected groups. The ratios of nestin positive cells in infected groups were higher than those in control groups, but the ratios of GFAP and NSE positive cells of former were lower than that of the latter from 3rd to 9th d after differentiation culture(P<0.05). The levels of Neurog2 mRNA and Myc mRNA in infected groups were markedly lower than those in normal control groups on 1st d and from 1st to 4th d after differentiation culture, respectively(P<0.05). The levels of Ccnd1 mRNA of infected groups were obviously lower than those in normal control groups from 12th h to 1st d(P<0.05). These changes in infected groups became more obvious as MCMV MOI increased.CONCLUSION: MCMV significantly inhibits differentiation of NSCs to neurons and astrocytes, and leads to the decrease in differentiated cells. MCMV inhibits or interferes with the gene expression of Neurog2, Myc and Ccnd1 in Wnt signal pathway of NSCs. The effect that MCMV inhibits the expressions of differentiation and the differentiation genes in NSCs shows dose-dependent with MCMV MOI. The inhibitory effect of MCMV on the differentiation of NSCs might be induced by interfering with the expression of differentiation gene in NSCs, which is possibly the one of primary causes of brain development disorders induced by congenital CMV infection.     

水稻插秧机移箱机构的发展研究

移箱机构是水稻插秧机的重要部件,它担负着纵、横向送秧的工作,对插秧机的取秧量和工作可靠性有直接影响。随着机械插秧向高速化方向发展,对移箱机构也提出了更高的要求。为此,研究了国内外移箱机构的工作原理和结构特点,提出了移箱机构设计和制造的发展趋势。     

常数约束二次函数的代数寻优法

对一类二次函数寻优问题推导出代数解。给出了相应的计算机算法,并对其进行了计算复杂度分析。所述算法为一个指数时间算法,特别适合于小规模问题。