关于广东蚕业“十一五”发展规划的浅见

目前全国茧丝绸行业都在讨论研究行业“十一五”发展规划，本文就广东蚕业“十一五”发展规划提出一些浅见，供同行参考。     

不同体重阶段川藏黑猪和杜长大猪肌肉中氨基酸含量研究

为了研究不同猪种背最长肌中氨基酸沉积规律,试验采用高效液相色谱检测了不同体重梯度（90、110和130 kg）的川藏黑猪和杜长大（DLY）猪背最长肌中氨基酸含量。结果表明,谷氨酸在两猪种肌肉中含量最高,含硫氨基酸总量在90和130 kg体重梯度时表现为川藏黑猪显著高于DLY猪（P〈0.05）,110 kg体重梯度时极显著高于DLY猪（P〈0.01）,而同一猪种不同体重梯度间各种氨基酸组成差异均不显著（P〉0.05）,鲜味氨基酸占总氨基酸比例（FAA/TAA）在90 kg体重梯度表现为川藏黑猪极显著高于DLY猪（P〈0.01）,130 kg体重梯度时显著高于DLY猪（P〈0.05）。本研究说明川藏黑猪肌肉中与风味相关的氨基酸含量高于DLY猪,我们认为这也是川藏黑猪的肌肉风味比DLY猪更浓郁的重要原因之一。我们的研究初步揭示了不同猪种背最长肌中氨基酸的沉积规律及构成差异,为进一步研究猪肉风味形成机理提供数据。     

猪雌激素受体基因研究进展

雌激素受体(ESR)是一种核酸受体，具有转录调控蛋白质的功能，影响着雌激素基因在雌性脊椎动物组织的表达，从而对第二性征、繁殖周期、生殖力、妊娠维持等方面产生影响。本文对雌激素受体的分布、生物学作用、分子结构、基因定位、多态性及其与猪繁殖性能的关系等方面作一综述。     

Effects of Bacillus subtilis B10 spores on viability and biological functions of murine macrophages

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis B10 spores on the viability and biological functions of murine macrophage. RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated both with and without B. subtilis B10 spores for 12 h. Then cell viability was determined to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of B. subtilis B10 spores to the cells, and the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the production of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines were measured to analyze the functions of macrophages. The results showed that B. subtilis B10 spores were not harmful to RAW 264.7 cells and they also strongly enhanced the activities of ACP and LDH (P < 0.01), remarkably increased NO and iNOS production (P < 0.01), and significantly stimulated the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), IL‐6, IL‐8 and IL‐12 (P < 0.01) while they reduced anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 (P < 0.01). The outcomes suggest that B. subtilis B10 spores are not only safe for murine macrophages, but also can activate these cells and enhance their immune function. The above findings suggest that B. subtilis B10 spores are potentially probiotic.     

Immunopathogenic behaviors of canine transmissible venereal tumor in dogs following an immunotherapy using dendritic/tumor cell hybrid

Canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is a naturally occurring tumor that can be transmitted between dogs via live tumor cell inoculation. It is also a spontaneous self-regression tumor and its behavior is closely related to host immune responses. Since CTVT had been widely used for tumor models in canine cancers, whether this self-regression may overtake the immunity elicited from an exogenous tumor vaccine remains unclear and certainly worthwhile to be investigated. In this study, we used DCs/tumor hybrids as a tumor vaccine to evaluate the CTVT model. We prepared mature allogeneic dendritic cells from bone marrow and then assessed their phenotype (CD80, CD83, CD86, CD1a, CD11c, CD40 and MHC II), antigen uptake and presenting abilities. Fused dendritic cell/CTVT hybrids were then used as a vaccine, administered three times at two-week intervals via subcutaneous injection near the bilateral auxiliary and inguinal lymph nodes. In comparison with unvaccinated dogs (spontaneous regressed group), within a period of 2.5 months, the vaccinations substantially inhibited tumor progression (p<0.05) and accelerated the rate of regression by a mechanism involving amplification of the host tumor-specific adaptive immune responses and NK cytotoxicity (p<0.001). Pathologic examination revealed early massive lymphocyte infiltration resulting in final tumor necrosis. In addition, there are not any detectable effects on routine physical, body temperature or blood chemistry examinations. In conclusion, our data furnishes a reference value showing that CTVT is a model of potential use for the study of immunity elicited by vaccines against tumors, and also enable early-phase evaluation of the dendritic cell/tumor vaccine in terms of raising host immunity.     

河北省舍饲绵羊的热应激评价及温湿参数与羊生理指标的相关性研究

本研究旨在评价河北省三大区域（冀北燕山、太行山区和冀中南平原）羊场夏季绵羊的热应激程度,并分析温热环境参数与绵羊个体生理指标的相关性,为改善羊舍环境提供理论依据。选择3个区域12个规模化羊场,自动检测并记录夏季羊舍的环境温度和相对湿度2个月,同时检测各场绵羊的直肠温度和呼吸频率。结果表明,冀北燕山、太行山区和冀中南平原的羊舍日均温度分别达24.3、28.5和28.7℃,温湿指数（THI）分别达72.40、79.91和79.47,冀北燕山区域绵羊正遭受轻度热应激,而太行山区和冀中南平原地区的绵羊遭受中度甚至重度热应激,可见,夏季河北省舍饲绵羊的热应激防控需要引起关注,加强夏季的防暑降温措施刻不容缓。从绵羊个体生理指标看,3个区域绵羊的直肠温度范围为39.1～39.8℃,呼吸频率为42～114次·min^-1,直肠温度与环境温度、THI之间均未表现出显著相关关系（P>0.05）,但与相对湿度间表现出显著的线性负相关关系（P<0.05,r=0.60）;呼吸频率与环境温度、THI之间表现出极显著正相关关系（P<0.01,r=0.84;P<0.01,r=0.87）,与相对湿度间未表现出显著相关关系（P>0.05）。因此,通过羊舍温湿参数和THI的测定可以推断绵羊的个体生理状况,对实际生产中舍饲羊热应激的预防及相关疾病的诊断提供依据。     

褐飞虱在华中地区不同主栽水稻品种上的生活史和种群动态

为明确褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens对华中地区不同主栽水稻品种的适合度,利用两性生命表分析华中地区的5个主栽水稻品种C两优、岳优、深两优、华两优和红良优对褐飞虱生活史参数的影响,并模拟取食5个水稻品种后褐飞虱的种群动态。结果表明:不同水稻品种对褐飞虱的生长发育和繁殖存在显著影响,取食华两优和红良优的褐飞虱雌成虫寿命分别为10.73 d和11.43 d,显著短于取食C两优(14.71 d)、岳优(15.34 d)和深两优(14.52 d)时;取食红良优的褐飞虱雌成虫产卵量为108.30粒,较取食C两优(237.90粒)、岳优(218.40粒)和深两优(179.60粒)显著减少。褐飞虱取食红良优后,其种群净增殖率和世代周期均显著低于取食C两优和岳优时;而其种群内禀增长率和周限增长率均显著低于取食岳优时。表明华中地区5个主栽水稻品种中红良优可显著降低褐飞虱的繁殖力和种群参数,褐飞虱对红良优的适合度最低,可作为华中地区主栽水稻来防控褐飞虱。     

广东省蚕学会评选优秀学术论文

为了繁荣科学技术事业,鼓励本会会员和蚕桑丝绸业界的广大科技工作者积极投身科学实践,促进科技人才的成长和科学技术进步,充分发挥科学技术是第一生产力的作用,省蚕学会决定评选优秀学术论文:每两年评选一次,评选范围限于在《广东蚕业》刊物上刊登的学术性论文。     

传统技术与现代分子生物学技术在瘤胃微生物多样性方面的研究

在反刍动物的瘤胃内存在着复杂、多样、非致病的各种微生物,包括瘤胃原虫、瘤胃细菌和厌氧真菌,还有少数噬菌体。从1843年Gubry和Delaford在反刍动物瘤胃内发现微生物起,到20世纪初,由于受到研究条件和技术的局限性,许多研究工作者主要对微生物的形态分类进行研究（Hungate,1966）。20世纪70年代以来,电子显微镜在微生物研究领域的应用使得人们对瘤胃微生物的研究除了可以进行形态观察外,还可对其生长所需的营养要求、环境条件和生长特性进行深入的研究。