鸡与鸭饲料氨基酸消化率测定值比较

本研究应用排空强饲法及石岐杂公鸡、樱桃谷公鸭分别测定定了5种饲料氨基酸表观消化率和真消化率。结果表明：除玉米氨基酸表观消化率外,其余饲料的大多数氨基酸消化率在鸡和鸭之间都存在着明显差异;在32小时收粪时间里,鸭的内源氨基酸排出量明显比鸡多;内源氨基酸对鸡和鸭的饲料氨基酸真消化率都有影响,影响大小随蛋白质含量高低而异,一般饲料蛋白质含量越低的饲料两者相差越大。而内源氨基酸排出量对鸭饲料,尤其对低蛋白含量饲料的氨基酸真消化率的影响比鸡更明显。     

离体牛小肠细胞对β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素吸收的研究

用分离出的牛小肠细胞分别与含不同浓度的β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素培养液温育,结果小肠粘膜细胞对两种类胡萝卜素的吸收呈浓度依赖性,吸收率稳定,与浓度无关,且吸收不受培养温度的影响,因而推断牛小肠细胞对两种类胡萝卜素的吸收是一种被动扩散机制,培养液中聚环氧乙烷山梨糖醇单月桂酸脂(Tween 20)超过一定浓度则抑制类胡萝卜素进入肠细胞,其中对叶黄素抑制作用最大。     

反光膜对育肥羔羊生理指标和生长性能的影响

该研究对单彩钢屋顶外表面铺设反光膜,以解决实际生产中单彩钢屋顶育肥羊舍热应激严重的问题。选择两栋建筑结构相同的敞棚羊舍,其中一栋单彩钢屋顶外铺反光膜（铺膜舍）,另一栋单彩钢舍作为对照（对照舍）。利用红外热像仪对夏季（6－8月份）屋顶内表面温度进行阶段性（前期第1～7 天、中期第8～37天和后期第38～67天）热成像分析,同时计算各阶段屋顶内表面辐射热,并通过测定育肥羔羊生长性能和生理指标评价反光膜缓解育肥羔羊热应激的效果。结果表明：1）试验期间对照舍屋顶内表面温度、屋顶内表面辐射热均在11:30达到最高值,铺膜舍则在14:00达到峰值;整个试验期铺膜舍屋顶内表面温度较对照舍平均降低7.31 ℃,尤其每天9:00-16:30降低显著（P<0.05）,此外,铺膜舍屋顶内表面辐射热较对照舍降低8.85%。2）试验全期铺膜舍环境温度较对照舍平均降低0.55 ℃,尤其前期9:00-13:00显著降低,达1.78 ℃（P<0.05）。 另外,舍内环境温度与屋顶内表面温度、屋顶内表面辐射热均表现出显著线性正相关关系（P<0.01）;3）试验全期铺膜舍羔羊日均质量增加较对照舍显著提高10.97%（P<0.05）,试验中期和后期两舍育肥羔羊的饮水量存在显著差异（P<0.05）,分别较对照舍提高15.58%和12.66%;呼吸频率较对照舍降低5.31%（P<0.05）。可见,单彩钢屋顶外铺反光膜可有效改善屋顶的隔热性能,改善育肥羔羊的生理指标和生长性能,缓解其热应激。     

微藻生长参数指标与种间竞争能力的关系研究

采用中国淡水系统中常见的5种微藻为实验对象,通过获取各微藻的生长参数指标,并依据指标大小对其竞争能力进行预测,进而开展微藻竞争实验,记录微藻的种间竞争结果并与预测结果进行对比。结果表明：基于生长参数指标,预测各微藻的竞争能力从大到小依次为羊角月牙藻>集星藻>盘星藻>四尾栅藻>鼓藻。微藻的竞争表现也大多与预测结果相一致,如羊角月牙藻具有最强的竞争力,盘星藻和集星藻的竞争能力居中且较为接近。然而,鼓藻的竞争力并不总是最弱,表明微藻初始密度可能会对种间竞争结果产生一定的影响作用。     

饱水清代木材的构造腐朽程度及加固处理对其颜色的影响

以“小白礁I号”沉船主要用材为研究对象,系统研究了饱水考古木材构造特征、腐朽程度与加固剂种类对其加固处理颜色的影响。结果表明：加固剂可提高考古木材尺寸稳定性;坡垒（散孔材）比柚木（环孔材）的加固处理色差变化大;加固剂增重率和考古木材腐朽程度会影响其色差变化;加固剂分子量及其分子结构间差异是造成考古木材加固处理后各色度学参数变化规律不同的主要原因。     

寒冷地区草原有毒有害牧草监测与防治

草原是内蒙古地区草食畜牧养殖产业健康发展的基础,同时也是优质牧草的主要来源。有毒有害牧草生长扩散预示着草场退化,对当地草食畜牧养殖产业健康发展会造成毁灭性打击。有毒有害植物生长发育,不仅会危害牲畜健康且还会严重消耗土壤的水分和养分,妨碍优良牧草繁殖生长,使草场产量和质量显著下降。在长时间草场利用过程中,很多农牧民群众只注重索取,不注重生态环境保护,使草场生产能力和抵抗能力逐渐变差,给有毒有害牧草繁殖生长提供了条件。因此需要加强寒冷地区草原有毒有害牧草的监测,并采取针对性措施进行防控,降低发病率。该文主要探讨内蒙古呼伦贝尔市寒冷地区草原有毒有害牧草的种类,并提出相应的防治措施。     

气爆式核桃破壳试验研究

利用核桃本身气密性,在核桃壳体上钻一个小孔,从孔向核桃内部加载高压气体载荷,在一瞬间核桃内部、外部形成较大的压差,当气压差产生的压力大于壳体的许用应力时,壳体爆开破裂,利用气爆原理完成核桃脱壳的试验研究。本文通过正交试验分析影响核桃脱壳性能的主要因素,分析总结出当气体压强P为0.75MPa,孔位置K在结蒂时,锯口位置S在长轴方向时气爆式核桃破壳的破壳率最高,核桃碎仁率最低,破壳效果最佳。     

Evaluating and Comparing the Natural Cell Structure and Dimensions of Honey Bee Comb Cells of Chinese Bee,Apis cerana cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Italian Bee,Apis mellifera ligustica (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

The hexagonal structure of the honey bee comb cell has been the source of many studies attempting to understand its structure and function. In the storage area of the comb, only honey is stored and no brood is reared. We predicted that honey bees may construct different hexagonal cells for brood rearing and honey storage. We used quantitative analyses to evaluate the structure and function of the natural comb cell in the Chinese bee, Apis cerana cerana and the Italian bee, A. mellifera ligustica. We made cell molds using a crystal glue solution and measured the structure and inclination of cells. We found that the comb cells of A. c. cerana had both upward-sloping and downward-sloping cells; while the A. m. ligustica cells all tilted upwards. Interestingly, the cells did not conform to the regular hexagonal prism structure and showed irregular diameter sizes. In both species, comb cells also were differentiated into worker, drone and honey cells, differing in their diameter and depth. This study revealed unique differences in the structure and function of comb cells and showed that honey bees design their cells with precise engineering to increase storage capacity, and to create adequate growing room for their brood.     

Inhibition of porcine circovirus type 1 and type 2 production in PK-15 cells by small interfering RNAs targeting the Rep gene

Porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) and type 2 (PCV2) are two genotypes of porcine circovirus. Both of them are presumed to be widespread in the swine population. Currently, there is no specific treatment for their infections. RNA interference (RNAi) is a sequence-specific RNA degradation mechanism mediated by small interfering RNA (siRNA), which represents a possible therapeutic application for the treatment of viral infections. In this study, three siRNA expression plasmids (pS-RepA, pS-RepB and pS-RepC) were generated to target three different coding regions of the Rep protein (Rep) of PCV. These siRNAs were used to inhibit PCV production in a porcine kidney cell line, PK-15 cells. Our results revealed that Rep gene expression was inhibited by pS-RepA, pS-RepB and pS-RepC to different degrees. Moreover, our study also showed that the production of PCV1 and PCV2 was reduced by these siRNAs. pS-RepC, which targets the middle region of Rep gene, proved to be the most efficient siRNA for inhibition of Rep expression and viral production. Taken together, our data suggest that RNAi could be investigated as a potential treatment for PCV infection.     

Stepwise in-straw dilution and direct transfer using open pulled straws (OPS) in the mouse: a potential model for field manipulation of vitrified embryos

In the present study, mouse blastocysts were employed to investigate the feasibility and efficiency of stepwise in-straw dilution and direct transfer using the open pulled straw (OPS) method. In experiment I, the effects of various vitrification solutions (VS) on embryo survival were examined. After thawing, the expanded blastocyst rates (97.59 and 95.05%) and hatching rates (80.48 and 78.95%) achieved in the EDFS30 [15% ethylene glycol (EG), 15% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Ficoll, and sucrose] and EFS40 [40% EG, Ficoll, and sucrose] groups were no different from those (96.15% and 83.33%) of the control group. However, the rates in the EFS30 [30% EG, Ficoll, and sucrose] (87.80 and 55.43%) and EDFS40 [20% EG, 20% DMSO, Ficoll, and sucrose] (95.69 and 70.97%) groups were significantly lower than those (96.15 and 83.33%) of the control group (P<0.05). In the experiment II, the effects of the volume of VS in the OPS on the survival of embryos after in-straw thawing were investigated. When the length of the VS in the column was less than 1 cm, the in vitro viability of embryos thawed by stepwise in-straw dilution was no different among the experimental and control groups. The embryos could be successfully thawed by immersing the OPS in 0.5 M sucrose for 3 min and then 0.25 M sucrose for 2 min. In experiment III, the effect of immersion time of the OPS in diluent (PBS) on the viability of vitrified embryos was investigated. After in-straw thawing, OPSs were immersed immediately in 1 ml PBS for 0 to 30 min. When the immersion time of the OPSs in PBS was less than 12 min, in vitro development of the in-straw thawed embryos was no different from that of the controls. In experiment IV, in-straw thawed blastocysts were directly transferred to pseudopregnant mice to examine their in vivo developmental viability. The pregnancy (91.67%) and birth rates (42.42%) of embryos in-straw thawed and directly transferred were no different from those of the unvitrified controls (90.90 and 40%) and embryos thawed by the conventional method (84.61 and 46.94%). These results demonstrate that mouse embryos vitrified with OPS could be successfully thawed by stepwise in-straw dilution and transferred directly to a recipient and that this method might be a model for field manipulation of vitrified embryos in farm animals.