棉籽油制备生物柴油的生物降解性能

以棉籽油甲酯、乙酯生物柴油及其与石化柴油形成的调和油为研究对象,采用改进的Sturm试验方法,考察了生物柴油及其调和油的生物降解特点。研究表明：在有氧的水环境中生物降解28 d,棉籽乙酯生物柴油与甲酯生物柴油生物降解率分别达99.7%和99.1%;对甲酯生物柴油而言,生物柴油体积分数为50%和20%的调和油的28 d生物降解率分别为93.8%和80.8%,而乙酯生物柴油体积分数为50%和20%的调和油的28 d生物降解率分别95.7%和81.9%,但在相同条件下,0#柴油生物降解率仅49.9%;生物柴油在调和油中体积比越大,调和油的生物降解速度越快,生物柴油对石化柴油的生物降解具有促进作用。该文对认识棉籽油生物柴油在环境中的消解规律,控制环境污染具有一定的意义。     

万亩农田节水灌溉综合开发区的规划与效果

通过对开发区农田生态系统的综合论证,提出研究目标、技术决策和规划原则,采用水利、农业相结合的节水技术体系,运用汇水、输水、调水、配水相结合的方式,联合调用地表、地下水资源,提高水的利用率,为中低产贫水区大面积推广综合节水灌溉提供可行的技术模式。     

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for deoxynivalenol in corn and wheat

The availability of antibody against deoxynivalenol (DON) triacetate (Tri-Ac-DON) has enabled development of a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an indirect ELISA for DON in corn and wheat. In both assays, DON is extracted from the sample with acetonitrile-water, reacted with acetic anhydride to form Tri-Ac-DON, and diluted in phosphate buffer for analysis. Direct ELISA was found to be the more sensitive procedure. Fewer interferences are evidenced, and the assay is less time consuming than is indirect ELISA. For direct ELISA, recovery of 10-1000 ppb DON added to corn and wheat was 100% (SD 15, CV 15%) and 102.1% (SD 12.2, CV 11.9%), respectively. For indirect ELISA, overall recovery of 10-1000 ppb DON added to wheat was 121.5% (SD 39.5, CV 32.5%); in the higher concentration range (500-1000 ppb), recovery was 105% (SD 18, CV 17%). The minimal detection level for DON was around 10 ppb. Analysis of 7 naturally contaminated samples for DON showed that the ELISA results agreed well with those obtained by radioimmunoassay and thin-layer chromatography.     

Numerical analysis of injection molding for the Syringe Barrel with optimum design and processing condition

The numerical analysis was performed to predict the potential problem, often occurring during the manufacturing process of the disposable medical device of a great volume. The cavity filling analyses were performed for the new design of the 3cc Syringe Barrel using polypropylene(PP1), and a new nucleated polypropylene(PP2) material for better clarity. These analyses have been performed for different processing conditions as well as various wall thickness designs for both materials. With the nucleated material, only the original wall thickness design has been studied at two different processing conditions for comparison purpose. This study was conducted to investigate the optimum part design and processing condition for two different materials. The most desirable design was selected with Design 3 for material utilization and reduced flow stresses by comparing the field results. The new nucleated polypropylene provided slightly better product quality and processing.     

植物-植食性昆虫互作关系中早期信号事件研究进展

诱导防御反应的产生取决于植物对植食性昆虫相关信号迅速和准确地识别。在植物与植食性昆虫互作过程中,早期信号事件是负责植物识别和触发下游信号转导途径的最早反应,它们发生在植物防御相关基因表达和防御相关代谢物产生之前,对植物的防御过程至关重要。本文将植物与植食性昆虫互作的早期事件,包括植物对植食性昆虫的感知、电信号和Ca~(2+)信号的产生和转导,活性氧的迸发以及促细胞分裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号级联途径等研究进展进行了综述,并提出今后的研究重点与方向,促进对植物诱导防御反应调控网络的研究,以期为改进农业害虫的治理提供重要的理论和技术支撑。     

基于有机质诊断指数的土壤镉含量反演方法研究

自20世纪20年代以来,随着工业化发展进程的加快,土壤重金属污染日趋严重,镉(Cd)因其不易分解被土壤中的有机质吸附在土壤中富集,它不仅影响作物的生长发育[1],而且Cd通过作物的吸收富集于果实中,从而通过食物链危害人体健康[2,3]。传统的土壤Cd含量测定方法是系统采集土壤表层样品,然后采用室内化学分析方法[4]。这些方法存在费钱、费时等缺陷,不能满足快速有效监测土壤Cd含量的需要。80年代后高光谱遥感技术的出现,为土壤理化性质的监测提供了新的技术手段。高光谱遥感技术利用土壤反射光谱获取土壤理化成分。土壤实验室反射光谱已成功用来预测具有光谱特征的成分,如氮含量[5]、铁氧化物[6]、碳酸盐[     

安徽省美好乡村建设中的环境对策

安徽省农村环境治理和保护,不仅是农村“宜居”的前提,也是农民“兴业”与“文明”的载体。安徽省农村环保难的主要原因体现在“四重”、“四轻”的制度缺失。因此,安徽省美好乡村建设中的环境对策,必须以维护农民根本利益为出发点,从农民最想解决的垃圾、道路、农村绿化等环境问题入手,通过加强顶层设计、建设农村环保队伍、健全农村生活垃圾处理机制、控制农业面源污染和促进农民环保自治等方面建立起相应的制度保障。     

杀青程度对炒青茶品质的影响

[目的]选择较优的茶叶杀青程度,以指导茶叶生产。[方法]采用不同的杀青程度对炒青茶进行处理,分析处理后的茶中化学成分含量及感官品质。[结果]重杀青处理的茶样外形、汤色、叶底、香气、滋味等均呈现更好的品质,内含物质较多,氨基酸总量和氨基酸组分均较多。[结论]重杀青有利于茶叶品质的提升。     

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection induces apoptosis through FasL- and mitochondria-mediated pathways

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) has been reported to induce apoptosis in swine testis (ST) cells. However, the mechanisms underlying TGEV-induced apoptosis are still unclear. In this study we observed that TGEV infection induced apoptosis in porcine kidney (PK-15) cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. TGEV infection up-regulated FasL, activated FasL-mediated apoptotic pathway, leading to activation of caspase-8 and cleavage of Bid. In addition, TGEV infection down-regulated Bcl-2, up-regulated Bax expression, promoted translocation of Bax to mitochondria, activated mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway, which in turn caused the release of cytochrome c and the activation of caspase-9. Both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways activated downstream effector caspase-3, followed by the cleavage of PARP, resulting in cell apoptosis. Moreover, TGEV infection did not induce significant DNA fragmentation in ammonium chloride (NH(4)Cl) pretreated PK-15 cells or cells infected with UV-inactivated TGEV. In turn, block of caspases activation also did not affect TGEV replication. Taken together, this study demonstrates that TGEV-induced apoptosis is dependent on viral replication in PK-15 cells and occurs through activation of FasL- and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathways.     

水稻种质资源光合与水分利用特性比较及聚类分析

探讨水稻种资源的光合特性,并筛选出高光效水稻资源,为水稻种质资源遗传改良提供参考。对58份来自不同国家和地区的水稻种质资源的光合特性、水分利用效率(WUE)及叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)进行比较及聚类分析。结果表明,不同稻种资源间的光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(C)和蒸腾速率(E)存在极显著差异,水分利用效率存在显著差异。光合特征前3个主成分的方差累计贡献率达95.31%。C、Pn、E为第1主成分主导因子,WUE和Pn为第2主成分主导因子,第3主成分主要由SPAD构成。聚类分析将58份稻种资源划分为7个类群,筛选获得第1、6类群9个高光合速率、高水分利用效率以及较高叶绿素相对含量种质资源,作为水稻高光效育种、抗逆育种的中间材料或配组亲本材料加以利用。