生物炭对Bt Cry1Ac蛋白抗紫外能力影响

为了研究生物炭对紫外线的防护作用,以豆壳烧制的生物炭作为载体,研究生物炭对Bt Cry1Ac蛋白的吸附行为以及生物炭对Cry1Ac蛋白的紫外保护作用。使用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X-射线粉末衍射以及傅立叶红外光谱等手段对生物炭的形貌和结构进行表征。结果表明,生物炭是典型的多孔结构材料,表面具有丰富的官能团。Cry1Ac蛋白与生物炭吸附平衡时间为50 min,最合适的吸附浓度比（生物炭：蛋白）为1：100,二者吸附符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir模型。在UVB紫外照射4 h后,生物炭与Cry1Ac蛋白复合物对棉铃虫的生物活性是单纯蛋白的4.93倍,显示生物炭具有较好的紫外抵抗效果。研究结果初步表明,制备得到的生物炭能够显著提高Cry1Ac蛋白的抗紫外能力,为后续研发耐受紫外线的农药剂型提供新材料。     

Down-regulation of miR-153-3p attenuates H2O2-induced H9C2 cell injury by promoting Nrf2 expression

AIM To study the effect of microRNA-153-3p (miR-153-3p) knock-down on oxidative injury of H9C2 cells induced by H₂O₂ and its specific mechanism. METHODS The oxidative stress injury of H9C2 cell model was induced by H₂O₂, and then the cell viability and the expression of miR-153-3p were detected by MTT assay and RT-qPCR, respectively. The effects of miR-153-3p knock-down on the H9C2 cell injury under oxidative stress were studied by RNA interference technology. The targets of miR-153-3p were identified by Western blot and dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS MTT assay showed that the viability of H9C2 cells was decreased with the increase in H₂O₂ concentration (P<0.05). The results of RT-qPCR showed that the expression of miR-153-3p was increased with the increase in H₂O₂ concentration (P<0.05). Knock-down of miR-153-3p increased the viability of H9C2 cells under oxidative stress, decreased the cell apoptosis and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). The expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2（Nrf2） and antioxidant response element（ARE） activity were increased with the increase in H₂O₂ concentration (P<0.01). TargetScan analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that Nrf2 was one of the potential target genes of miR-153-3p. The results of Western blot further showed that over-expression of miR-153-3p inhibited the expression of Nrf2 (P<0.01), while down-regulation of miR-153-3p increased the expression of Nrf2 (P<0.01). Dual interference with Nrf2 and miR-153-3p significantly reduced H9C2 cell viability, promoted the apoptosis, increased MDA content, and decreased SOD activity in the presence of H₂O₂ (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Inhibition of miR-153-3p expression attenuates the injury of H9C2 cells induced by H₂O₂ through up-regulating Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.     

Effects and mechanisms of rural E-commerce clusters on households' entrepreneurship behavior in China

The vigorous development of rural E-commerce reveals a powerful pattern of economic clustering. Recently, many Taobao Villages have formed in more than 80% of the provinces in rural China, and increasingly households are using E-commerce for entrepreneurial innovation in Taobao Villages. However, the effect and mechanism of the Taobao Village model on households' entrepreneurship behavior remain unclear. Using survey data and structural equation modeling, we analyzed the factors of households' entrepreneurship behavior and investigated the mechanism of rural E-commerce clustering on the households' entrepreneurship behavior in Taobao Villages. The results show that: (1) rural E-commerce clusters stimulated entrepreneurial enthusiasm and increased entrepreneurial behavior; (2) local resource endowment, entrepreneurial atmosphere and culture, threshold for entrepreneurship, and demonstrative leadership had significant positive effects on households' entrepreneurship behavior; (3) external environmental support, including government, and external business environment support had significant positive effects on E-commerce development. All these results indicate that rural E-commerce clusters promote households' entrepreneurship behavior.     

绿肥翻压后减肥和基施控释肥对烟叶产质量和土壤肥力的影响

为研究绿肥（豌豆）翻压后合理施用肥料问题,采用田间小区试验,在翻压绿肥的基础上通过减少基肥用量和控释肥代替部分基肥,研究其对烟叶产量、产值和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,绿肥翻压可以提高低有机质土壤（有机质含量<10 g/kg）的有机质含量,对其他土壤化学性质无显著影响;绿肥翻压后将基肥减少15%和30%对烟叶产量、产值无显著影响,对烟叶化学成分无明显影响。在减少15%基肥后,将剩余基肥的50%以控释肥代替,可以显著提高烟叶产量和产值,提高烟叶钾含量和钾/氯比,改善烟叶品质。     

大蒜根腐病根际土壤真菌群落结构及多样性分析

研究旨在解析根腐病发生时大蒜根际土壤真菌群落结构,明确大蒜根腐病与根际土壤真菌群落多样性变化的关系,探明根腐病发生的微生态机制,为病害的防控提供理论基础。以新疆连续3年的大蒜根腐病发病田的根际土壤为研究对象,采用高通量测序方法对大蒜根际土壤总DNA的真菌ITS区序列进行大规模测序分析。结果表明,与健康对照相比,在门的水平上,子囊菌门和接合菌门真菌是大蒜根腐病根际土壤的优势真菌类群,其中高水平的子囊菌门菌群与病害发生有着密切的关系。在属的水平上,注释获得137个属,其中19个属与大蒜根腐病有较大的相关性。镰刀菌属真菌数量在病土中高于健康对照。随着连作年限的延续,根腐病的发生愈发严重,土壤中真菌群落的Shannon指数、Simpson指数、真菌属的数量逐年降低,大蒜根腐病的发生与植株根际真菌群落组成及多样性密切相关,土壤真菌类群的平衡和多样性改变是根腐病发生的一大诱因。     

湖南省生姜资源主要农艺性状鉴定评价

研究旨在对湖南省47份生姜种质资源的15个数量性状和10个质量性状进行分析,以期探索湖南省各地生姜资源间的亲缘关系及变异特性,为湖南省生姜种质评价与新品种创制提供理论依据。用Excel及SPSS等对调查收集的农艺性状进行分析,结果表明,湖南省生姜资源具有丰富的遗传多样性,变异系数范围为13.22%~40.13%;聚类分析中,47份生姜资源分为2类4个亚组,其中第I类群的41份资源为密苗型资源,第II类群的6份资源为疏苗型资源,亚组I和亚组IV近似纺锤状;亚组II和亚组III近似灯泡状;主成分分析中,提取出的3个主成分累计贡献率达83.078%,分别命名为高产型形态因子、低产型形态因子和产量的叶部因子;相关性分析中,根状茎、株形、地上茎、子姜、叶部等形态因子与根状茎质量呈极显著正相关,分枝数和主茎叶数与根状茎质量呈极显著负相关,表明植株高大,分枝少,地上茎粗壮,根状茎、子姜粗长的品种单株根状茎质量相对更高;通径分析中,主茎叶数、分枝数对根状茎质量的直接通径系数为负,而根状茎、地上茎粗、子姜长、株高等对根状茎质量的直接通径系数为正,表明在一定范围内,生姜植株高大、地上茎秆粗壮、分枝少、叶片较少,根状茎粗长、子姜长的生姜品种具有高产潜力。该试验解析了湖南省生姜资源各主要农艺性状对根状茎质量形成的贡献大小,为更好地指导湖南省生姜生产提供了理论依据。     

在农业领域启动技术方法创新平台建设的思考

文章以贯彻国家大型设备开放共享精神为出发点,阐述了技术方法创新平台建设的背景,明确了该平台的基本工作任务,如提升设施运行效率、推进全面开放共享、完善均衡人员体系、支撑领域科技发展等,并提出了加强研究经费支持、推进运行绩效管理、探索人才引育模式、强化仪器配置管理等加强技术方法创新平台建设的建议。     

不同覆盖方式对河北平原春玉米产量形成和水分利用的影响

针对河北省地下水压采区水资源严重亏缺和区域春玉米如何高效用水的问题,研究了秋季实施不同覆盖方式对春玉米产量及周年水分利用的影响,以先玉335为材料,在大口期灌水75 mm(W)和雨养旱作(R) 2种条件下,设置土下无孔地膜覆盖(PM)、有孔土下地膜覆盖(P0M)、玉米秸秆覆盖(SM)、常规露地(NP)等处理,对春玉米生长发育状况、土壤耗水及产量形成进行了研究。结果表明:雨养旱作条件下,土下地膜覆盖产量较NP提高18.0%～24.9%,SM产量和NP差异不显著。在雨养旱作条件下,PM、P0M和SM生育期水分利用效率分别比NP提高了50.5%,41.0%,12.0%,而周年水分利用效率提高了63.2%,54.6%,19.1%;PM和P0M的节水效果显著好于SM,灌水条件下的结果与雨养旱作条件下相同。灌水增加产量的同时也相应增加了耗水量,覆盖下耗水增加的幅度大于增产的幅度。农田周年土下地膜覆盖可有效降低土壤水分蒸发,非生长季对土壤水分的蓄存,达到了"秋水春用"和提高水分利用效率的目的。