黑龙江省早春野生花卉种质资源引种观察

引种驯化栽培早春野生花卉２９种,其中木本１４种,草本１５种。主要特点是耐寒性强,休眼期能耐－４０℃低温,幼芽萌动期耐－１０～－１５℃,花期耐０～－８℃,甚至花朵可迎雪盛开,寒冻红果不落。这些早春野生花卉从３月中旬开始陆续进入花期,花型多样,花色丰富,可作为城市、农村绿化的主体材料。     

利用隶属函数值法对玉米成熟期抗旱性的综合评价

以10个不同基因型玉米为试验材料,在宁夏中部干旱带,通过测定不同品种成熟期的K~+/Na~+、光合气体交换参数、农艺性状及产量性状等指标进行抗旱性鉴定,并利用主成分分析和隶属函数法对其抗旱性强弱进行综合评价。结果表明,干旱胁迫地和对照田中,各参试品种的光合特征参数、K~+/Na~+及形态性状等均有明显差异,且干旱胁迫条件下的净光合速率(P_n)、株高、产量均显著低于对照(P0.05)。同一品种不同器官的K~+/Na~+值表现为茎基茎叶根,表明植株体内的离子吸收和运输具有选择性,茎基具有贮存K~+的作用,根具有贮存Na~+的功能。不同基因型玉米品种的抗旱能力根据综合评价值(D值)大小,综合评价其抗旱性强弱顺序为A111-3/H242HoViY1北21/A58A3/A18高WY2宁3/1522H237/A18桂青贮1号H237/1506A3/A18。     

Improved genetic parameter estimations in zoysiagrass by implementing post hoc blocking

Randomized complete block (RCB) design is the most widely used experimental design in biological sciences. As number of treatments increases, the block size become larger and it looses the capacity to control the variance within block, which is its original purpose. A method known as post hoc blocking could be used in these cases to improve the genetic parameter estimation and thus obtain an unbiased assessment of the performance of a given treatment. In trufgrass breeding, as other breeding program, this is a common challenge. The goal of this study was to test the capacity of different post hoc blocking designs to improve the genetic parameter estimation of zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.). We evaluated two post hoc blocking designs; row–column (R–C) and incomplete block (IB) designs on five genotype trials located in Florida. The results showed that post hoc R–C design had superior model fitting than both the original RCB and the post hoc IB designs when studied at the single measurement level and at the site level. The narrow-sense heritability (0.24–0.40) and the genotype-by-measurement correlation (0.57–0.99) did not change significantly when R–C was compared to the original RCB design. The ranking of the top performing genotypes changed considerably when comparing RCB to R–C design, but the degree depended on the location analyzed. We conclude that the change in the ranking of the top (potentially select individuals) is coming from the better control of intra-block environmental variation, and this could potentially have a significant impact on the breeding selection process.     

核桃林下种植牡丹互作效应

以‘辽宁1号’‘香玲’核桃和‘凤丹’牡丹为试材,采用随机区组设计,研究了核桃间种牡丹相互对生长、产量和品质的影响,以期探索核桃与牡丹间作适宜的栽培模式。结果表明:核桃行间间种牡丹极显著影响核桃的生长和坚果质量,但能提早幼树结果期;核桃行间种植牡丹提高了丹皮产量,而牡丹结籽量和质量下降。核桃与牡丹间作可显著提高经济收益。     

北极村樟子松与落叶松林区空气负离子浓度及其与气象因子的关系

为了揭示空气负氧离子浓度与林种及相关气象条件之间的关系,笔者于2013年夏、秋两季对北极村地区选取的具有代表性的样地进行负氧离子浓度的观测及研究,通过时间尺度平均值及相关性分析的方法,对采集数据进行统计分析,并得出北极村地区负氧离子浓度的总体水平以及其与林种和气象因子之间的变化关系。结果表明:漠河北极村空气负离子浓度的总体水平处于548~1203个/cm~3,平均值为892个/cm~3,负氧离子浓度大体上与空气温度呈正相关、与空气湿度呈负相关。落叶松样地整体负氧离子水平高于樟子松样地,不同季节对负氧离子浓度也有较大影响。揭示出北极村地区负氧离子浓度与林种、季节以及气象因子之间的变化关系。     

灌溉和生草对猕猴桃园土壤质量的影响

为探明灌溉和生草对猕猴桃园土壤质量的影响,于2016—2017年在陕西省眉县猕猴桃园试验地分别布设地面灌溉+除草(Ⅰ)、地面灌溉+自然生草(Ⅱ)、滴灌+除草(Ⅲ)和滴灌+自然生草(Ⅳ)4种处理,对试验地0～50 cm土层的土壤机械组成、物理和化学性质进行了统计分析,并利用土壤质量综合指数对土壤质量进行了评价,结果表明:与其他处理相比,Ⅲ处理使0～30 cm土层土壤容重和砂粒质量分数分别降低了0.02～0.24g·cm~(-3)和0.36%～5.25%,使土壤孔隙度、田间持水量、黏粒质量分数和土壤粒径分形维数分别增大了0.17%～7.17%、0.59%～2.53%、0.99%～7.15%和0.01～0.13;Ⅳ处理在0～30 cm土层中的速效磷和碱解氮与Ⅰ、Ⅱ处理无差异,显著高于Ⅲ处理10.75～109.55 mg·kg~(-1)和20.74～78.91 mg·kg~(-1)(P0.05),可使0～50 cm土层的速效钾、速效磷和碱解氮分别达到猕猴桃施肥标准的丰富、中等及中等水平;与其他处理相比,Ⅳ处理可使0～50 cm土层土壤黏粒质量分数增加了1.21%～2.66%,土壤粉粒质量分数减少了0.81%～1.41%,使土壤分形维数显著增加(P0.05),土壤质量综合指数最大,达0.619。因此,滴灌+自然生草(Ⅳ)的管理方式是猕猴桃园土地可持续性利用的有效措施。     

金合欢醇和烟碱对苹果黄蚜联合毒杀作用

以苹果黄蚜Aphis citricolavander Goot为试虫,对金合欢醇和烟碱的联合杀蚜活性进行了测定,以期为开发植物源杀蚜剂产品奠定基础。室内毒力测定采用微量点滴法;田间药效试验参照国家标准进行。金合欢醇和烟碱混用具有明显的杀蚜增效作用,在最佳质量配比（金合欢醇:烟碱=4.82:1）下,共毒系数（CTC）达151.63;经过对溶剂、表面活性剂等助剂的筛选,研制出6%烟碱·金合欢醇可溶液剂,配方为金合欢醇（5%）、烟碱（1%）、表面活性剂（10%）、溶剂（84%）,质量检测符合可溶液剂国家质量标准;田间药效试验表明,以126.0 g a.i./hm²常量喷雾,药后7 d对小麦上的麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae Fabricius和麦二叉蚜Schizaphis graminum（Rondani）混合种群的防效达87.80%,以115.5 g a.i./hm²常量喷雾,药后7 d对苹果黄蚜的防效在81%以上。可见,金合欢醇和烟碱复配具有显著的杀蚜增效作用,具有进一步开发潜力。     

Regulatory effect of astragaloside IV on SDF-1α/CXCR4 in EPCs

AIM: To investigate the effects of astragaloside IV (AS-IV) on chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and its mechanism. METHODS: Rat bone marrow-derived EPCs were cultured in vitro. The proliferation, adhesion, migration, apoptosis and tube formation capacity of EPCs treated with AS-IV and AMD3100, a specific blocker of CXCR4, were observed. The effects of AS-IV on the expression of SDF-1α/CXCR4 at mRNA and protein levels and the protein level of p-CXCR4 in the EPCs were determined. RESULTS: AS-IV significantly enhanced the proliferation, adhesion, migration and tube formation abilities of EPCs, reduced the apoptosis of EPCs, and up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of SDF-1α and CXCR4 and the p-CXCR4 protein level in the EPCs. On the other hand, AMD3100 blocked the up-regulating effect of AS-IV on the mRNA and protein expression of CXCR4 and the p-CXCR4 protein level in the EPCs, but did not affect the effect of AS-IV on the expression of SDF-1α. CONCLUSION: AS-IV might enhance the biological function of EPCs by regulating the expression of SDF-1α/CXCR in EPCs.     

花前施用6-BA对抗寒无核葡萄胚挽救效果的影响

在花前14 d,分别对4个抗寒无核葡萄杂交组合‘火焰无核’×00-1-5、‘秦红10号’×00-1-5、‘秦红2号’ב木星’和‘红宝石无核’×00-1-5的母本花序施用不同浓度6-BA,以MM3固液双相培养基作为胚发育培养基,WPM固体培养基作为胚萌发培养基进行胚挽救,研究花前施用6-BA对胚挽救效果的影响。结果表明:花前施用6-BA对胚的发育起促进作用,但不同浓度6-BA对不同杂交组合的胚挽救效果不同,其中‘秦红10号’×00-1-5、‘秦红2号’ב木星’和‘红宝石无核’×00-1-5在6-BA浓度为50mg/L时,胚发育率、萌发率和成苗率最高;而‘火焰无核’×00-1-5在6-BA浓度为30 mg/L时,胚发育率、萌发率和成苗率最高。无核品种‘秦红2号’‘红宝石无核’最适宜作母本,‘火焰无核’胚挽救效果较差。     

捆草机电气控制系统的设计研究——基于MCGS与单片机技术

以呼伦贝尔市蒙拓农机科技股份有限公司生产的9YG-1.3型圆草捆打捆机为样机,针对其控制部分存在自动化程度低、草捆边缘布网太松、操作繁琐及需人工手动计数等问题,运用昆仑通态MCGS编程软件和Keil u Vision4软件,设计了一款以单片机系统为控制核心,以MCGS触摸屏为人机界面,配备各种相应传感器和控制输出硬件的自动控制系统。该系统通过人机监控界面,实现了对捆草机运行状况的实时监控。试验结果表明:本控制系统有效地解决了捆草机的灵活布网问题与计数问题,并可以实时进行停车、开仓门、关仓门与报警声亮提示,提高了捆草机的工作效率和自动化水平。