外源褪黑素和脱落酸对干旱胁迫下葡萄生理特性的影响

为了探讨褪黑素(MT)和脱落酸(ABA)两者混合施用对植物响应干旱胁迫的综合效应,以盆栽‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄为材料,通过根灌100μmol·L^-1的MT溶液和叶面喷施50μmol·L^-1的ABA溶液及二者组合处理,研究MT和ABA对干旱胁迫下葡萄生理特性的影响。结果表明,与干旱对照组(D_ck)相比,MT处理导致葡萄叶片MDA、H₂O₂含量和相对电导率分别降低了14.42%、44.11%和21.26%,叶片相对含水量提高了1.12%,同时SOD和POD酶活性分别提高了14.00%和3.01%。这些均表明MT处理有效缓解了干旱胁迫对植株造成的损伤。50μmol·L^-1 的ABA处理组叶片MDA含量和相对电导率较干旱对照组提高了9.43%和17.25%,表明ABA处理没有缓解植株的胁迫状态。MT和ABA组合处理具有和MT处理类似的效果。结果表明,褪黑素可以通过减轻膜脂过氧化程度,增强抗氧化系统能力,从而缓解干旱胁迫对葡萄的氧化损伤,提高抗旱性;同时削弱ABA带来的负...     

服务国家农业重大需求，打好农业领域关键技术攻坚战以中国农业科学院为例

2020年我国农业科技进步贡献率已经超过60%,农业科技的影响度和引领度位居全球第一。然而,我国农业科技的一些重点领域仍存在制约农业农村现代化发展的关键瓶颈,部分关键核心技术尚未攻克,阻碍农业产业迈向中高端和国际竞争力的提升。文章分析了开展农业领域关键核心技术攻关的迫切需求,围绕粮食作物、经济作物、畜禽种业、动植物疫病防控、农业绿色发展、农机装备、食品制造与营养健康、农业大数据与人工智能等农业重点领域梳理科学问题和任务清单,系统剖析了中国农业科学院开展关键核心技术攻关工作的相关举措,并提出了相关意见和建议,以期为突破农业领域关键技术路径提供参考和借鉴。     

春秋季节不同品种茶鲜叶芳香物质成分分析

首次使用顶空固相微萃取/气象色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPME/GC-MS)技术分析了10个不同品种春茶及秋茶鲜叶中的芳香物质组分及含量。结果表明,在10个不同品种的春、秋茶鲜叶中均检测出70余种挥发性化合物,主要包含酯类、醇类、烯类、烷烃类、酮类、醛类,其中酯类及醇类为主要物质。同时对春、秋茶鲜叶中主要芳香物质成分及含量做了比较,酯类及醇类(芳樟醇)是茶鲜叶香气成分的主要来源,且春茶鲜叶中具有花香的芳香物质含量要比秋茶中的含量高。     

Molecular Markers for Leaf Rust Resistance Gene Lr45 in Wheat Based on AFLP Analysis

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was carried out in Thatcher, near isogenic lines (NILs) carrying different genes conferring resistance against wheat leaf rust, and TcLr45 x Thatcher F₂ progenies were used to develop markers for Lr45 gene. Sixty AFLP primer combinations were screened and most of them provided clear amplification products, 31 primer combinations displayed polymorphism of TcLr45 in 23 NILs. Two AFLP markers closely linked to the gene Lr45 were acquired: P-AGG/M-GAG_{261 bp}, which was found closely linked to the Lr45 locus at a distance of 0.6 cM on one side, and P-ACA/M-GGT_{105 bp}, which was found at a distance of 1.3 cM on the other side. The specific bands were cloned and subsequently sequenced. The 261-bp fragment produced by P-AGG/M-GAG showed 86% similarity with the sequence of Vulgare Hart I gene; the 105-bp fragment produced by P-ACA/M-GGT showed 96% similarity with the phosphatidylserine decarboxylase gene of the Triticum monococcum. Both included an open reading frame (ORF).     

菌丝营养钵栽培对烤烟根系生长的影响

[目的]针对攀枝花烟区烤烟移栽伸根期干旱、烟苗发育迟缓等问题,研究菌丝营养钵对烤烟根区微生态水肥环境和烟苗生长的影响.[方法]将玉米秸秆切碎后隧道式微波灭菌,利用灰管层孔菌(Fomes lignosus)的速生、菌丝扭结力强、快速腐解纤维素等特点,通过菌丝缠绕玉米秸秆制作成自然降解的圆锥型杯状烟苗移栽营养钵.将菌丝营养...     

濒危东乡野生稻遗传多样性及其生态保护学研究进展

东乡野生稻蕴含大量优异性状和有利基因,是栽培稻遗传改良重要的种质资源。然而“东野”正面临着急剧减少甚至是灭绝的威胁,为此评价并保护现存“东野”的遗传多样性刻不容缓。同时“东野”的多样性研究对解析其遗传进化机理以及在水稻育种上的利用有着重要意义。为此,综述了近年来不同保存方式、不同年份、不同世代以及与其他生态类型野生稻和栽培稻等多个角度有关“东野”遗传多样性及其保护研究成果。通过对存在的相关问题分析,笔者认为应该建立科学统一的遗传多样性评价体系,并提出了“东野”遗传多样性研究前景和生态保护建议。     

光伏提水技术在西藏的推广前景

为了西藏能源短缺的农牧区发展光伏提水技术提供科学依据,本研究介绍了太阳能光伏提水技术的发展现状,分析了西藏地区的太阳能资源储量,以及光伏提水技术在西藏地区的推广应用优势及潜力,并对其进行了经济评价。     

广东陈香茶特征香气物质研究

为研究广东陈香茶特征香气物质,采用顶空固相微萃取方法(HS-SPME)结合气质联用技术(GC-MS)鉴定了9个广东陈香茶样品中的香气物质种类及其含量。结果表明:共鉴定出醇类、酮类、杂氧化合物、醛类和烯类等50多种香气化合物;具有木香、药香和"陈香"特征的呈香物质比对照显著增加,主要包括雪松醇、雪松烯、β-愈创烯、α-紫罗酮、β-紫罗酮、二氢猕猴桃内酯、乙酸苯甲酯、苯甲酸苯甲酯等;而具有花香的物质如芳樟醇、水杨酸甲酯、壬醛等明显减少。推测广东陈香茶的特征香气物质主要为上述具有愉快木香、药香气味的芳香物质。     

牧草柳枝稷种子破休眠技术的研究

柳枝稷switchgrass (panicum virgatum)的种子属深度休眠。本文探索了后熟化(干藏),冷冻层化(湿润冷藏),磨擦,浸泡,以及植物生长调节剂GA和ABA对破除种子休眠的影响。     

The Effect of Spraying Concentrated Biogas on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Cotton Seedling

[Objective] The effect of concentrated biogas slurry on growth and physiological characteristics of cotton seedlings was studied in this experiment, and theoretical basis for the rational application of concentrated biogas slurry was provided. [Method] Potted cotton seedlings was sprayed by five different dosages of concentrated biogas slurry, the impact of different spraying quantity (163 mL·hm^－2, 326 mL·hm^－2, 489 mL·hm^－2, 668 mL·hm^－2, 815 mL·hm^－2) after spraying time (after spraying 2nd day, 4th day, 6th day) on cotton seedlings growth and physiological indexes were studied. [Results] The results showed that the suitable quantity of spraying of concentrated biogas slurry had promoting effect to the cotton growth and development, the excess concentrated biogas slurry could inhibit the growth of cotton seedlings. The plant height, dry weight per plant and leaf area of spraying 489 mL·hm^－2 processing are the highest, the average of two batches on the 6th day after spraying are 21.15%, 35.95%, 18.84% higher than CK, respectively. Spraying concentrated biogas slurry can improve cotton seedlings chlorophyll content, soluble sugar contents, soluble protein content. Spraying 489 mL·hm^－2 processing is the highest in both batches, the average of two batches is 18.84%, 24.03%, 3.16% higher than CK, respectively. The result of concentrated biogas slurry onseedlings leaves took effect quickly, especially in 0～4th days. [Conclusion] It is concluded that the suitable amount of concentrated biogas slurry has a positive effect on the growth and physiological characteristics of cotton seedlings, which is beneficial to the formation of strong seedlings of cotton and provides the basis for the later growth of cotton.