几种班克木属植物种子生物学特性及其育苗技术研究

3种班克木属树种的种子生物学特性测定结果表明,种子的种间特征差异较大,吸水能力均较强,全缘班克木、剑班克木和生日蜡烛班克木种子50 d的发芽率分别为71.2％、32.8％和33.5％.播种育苗试验结果显示,4个班克木属树种苗期生长出现根茎纤弱、怕水渍和生长缓慢的特性;而基质通过添加石灰和微量元素可显著促进索发针班克木小苗的生长,要培育壮苗必须控制育苗基质呈弱酸性至中性状态,同时苗床要干爽.     

滇西保山地区的假松茸产量与生境关系研究

确定了云南省保山地区松茸的分类地位,系与松茸同属不同种的Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｌｏｍａ ｂａｋａ－ｍａｔ－ｓｕｔａｋｅ,俗称假松茸或青冈松茸;研究了它的周年发生规律及产量分布状况。７月中旬为松茸始发期,８月下旬为子实体发生的高峰,１０月下旬基本结束;以８月上旬至９月上旬为主产期,其产量占全年产量的６９．９％。此外还探讨了假松茸发生的生态条件,以及松茸可持续发展研究的初步结果。     

Distribution and migration of Japanese common squid, Todarodes pacificus, in the southwestern part of the East (Japan) Sea

Data on squid catches of Korean and Japan, water temperatures at depth of 100 m, and night-visible images of fishing boats collected in the East (Japan) Sea from 1970 to 1999 were analyzed to examine the distribution and migration of the Japanese common squid, Todarodes pacificus, in the southwestern part of the East (Japan) Sea. The main fishing grounds detected from squid catch in each grid (0.5° latitude × 0.5° longitude) by Korean squid fishery and night-visible images provided by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS) were situated in the southwestern part of the East (Japan) Sea. The distribution and migration route was illustrated from squid catch in each grid and DMSP OLS image. In years of high catches, the fishing grounds were situated mainly between Ulleung Island and the eastern coastal waters of Korea, while in years of low catches they were situated between Ulleung Island and the Yamato Bank in the central East (Japan) Sea. The center of fishing activity began moving northward from around the Korea/Tsushima strait to the northern boundary of the Tsushima Warm Current in March, reaching into the Yamato Bank in September, and then returning to the strait by February. The northward and southward migration routes differed; the northward migration route occurred closer to the mainland coast of Korea than the southward migration route did. This work suggests T. pacificus begin their northward migration almost 2 months earlier than previously suggested.     

不同植物配置模式对人工边坡减流减沙效益的影响

[目的] 探讨不同植物模式（混草、花草、灌草、乔草）及配置比例对生产建设项目人工边坡水土流失的影响,为人工边坡植被恢复提供参考。[方法] 采用径流小区定位观测法,记录2019年1—12月自然降雨,研究4种植物模式的产流产沙特点,揭示4种植物模式的减流减沙效益。[结果] ①观测期内总降雨量为1 052.73 mm,总降雨历时为845.1 h,7月降雨量最大,2月降雨历时最长,降雨集中在1—7月,以中雨、大雨、暴雨为主。②每场降雨产流差异大,产流月季差异大,集中在2—4月及7月,多发生在中雨、大雨和暴雨情况。③每场降雨及月、季降雨之间产沙差异大,3月产沙最大,产沙集中在2—4月及7月,多发生中雨、大雨和暴雨。④以花草模式为对照,每场降雨条件下灌草模式的减流率最大,乔草模式的减沙率最大,月降雨累计条件下,混草模式减流率最大,乔草模式减沙率最大,不同降雨等级累积和全年累积条件下,乔草模式的减流减沙率最大。[结论] 植被恢复初期,受植被覆盖度差异影响,乔草模式、混草模式的减流减沙率较大,具有较好的固土保持效益。     

“太湖1号”杂交青虾规模化繁育技术研究

利用53hm2标准化鱼池,采用雌雄亲虾同池的放养模式与集中投放抱卵虾孵化培育模式2种模式进行“太湖1号”杂交青虾的规模化繁殖试验。结果显示,本期共繁殖生产虾苗33533．86万尾,31878．33kg。雌雄亲虾同池培育的产苗量比集中投放抱卵青虾培育的产苗量要低36．49～69．26kg／hm2,或132．85万。143．607万尾／hm2,苗种规格大小差异大。雌雄亲虾同池培育的捕苗时间从7月18日到8月25日,共计38d,集中投放抱卵亲虾培育池的苗规格较一致,捕苗时间为期25d,捕捞时间缩短了13d。这表明,集中投放抱卵虾孵化培育模式可作为青虾规模化繁殖生产的优选方式。     

NO3--N/NH4+-N配比对小白菜生长及硝酸盐含量的影响

利用NO3^--N/NH4^＋-N不同配比的营养液对11个小白菜品种进行水培试验。结果表明,不同的NO3^--N/NH4^＋-N配比对不同品种小白菜生长和的硝酸盐含量有着显著的影响,同一氮源培养下不同的小白菜品种间表现出显著的差异,在5.0∶5.0（B）处理条件下,各品种小白菜表现良好;供试的小白菜品种的硝酸盐积累量随着铵态氮比例的增加而下降,表明适当地配施铵态氮较纯硝态氮营养液培养小白菜能获得较低的硝酸盐积累量,但不影响生长。     

微波无极紫外光助Fenton处理农药废水

研究了微波无极紫外(MWEUV)光助Fenton法对有机农药废水的强化降解作用,比较了单独MW、单独Fenton、紫外汞灯光助Fenton(UV/Fenton)和MWEUV光助Fenton(MWEUV/Fenton)4种体系的处理效果,考察了初始pH、H2O2投加量和Fe2+投加量对COD降解率的影响。结果表明,MWEUV比紫外汞灯具有更高的强化降解作用。在H2O2投加量为60 mmol/L,Fe2+投加量为0.5 mmol/L,初始pH为2~5的条件下,有机农药废水可被完全降解。     

基于RS和GIS帽儿山土地利用适宜性评价

在RS和GIS的支持下,以2004年林相分布图、Landsat TM遥感数据为主要数据源,基于景观格局分析,采用多因子加权叠加法对研究区域的土地利用生态适宜性进行评价;并根据综合评价结果对研究区域的土地利用进行分类.在此基础上,在空间分布上对评价结果进行定量化分析.结果表明:适宜用地、基本适宜用地、基本不适宜用地、不适宜用地和不可用地所占的比例分别为:2.286%,41.256%,27.310%,26.195和2.954%;适宜区域和基本适宜区域用地的百分比为43.542%,占据较大的比例,土地生态适宜性较高;不适宜用地和不可用地占29.149%,占据较小的比例.分析认为对土地的利用要遵循一定的原则,因地制宜地合理利用土地资源.     

Role of nitrogen supplementation in alleviating drought‐associated growth and metabolic impairments in Phoebe zhennan seedlings

Drought is one of the major environmental stresses altering forest productivity. However, nutrient availability can modulate drought resistance. Phoebe zhennan (gold Phoebe) is a high‐quality timber‐producing but threatened tree species in China, facing serious anthropogenic disturbances and abiotic constraints that restrict its growth and development. However, little attention has been given to designing adaptive strategies for its management by evaluating the possible role of major nutrients, particularly nitrogen (N), on its morphological and physio‐biochemical responses under water stress. To evaluate these responses, a complete randomized design was followed to investigate the effects of two irrigation levels (well‐watered and drought‐stressed conditions) and N fertilization treatments (with and without N). Drought stress significantly affected the growth of seedlings, as indicated by impaired photosynthesis, pigment degradation, disrupted N metabolism, over‐production of reactive oxygen species and enhanced lipid peroxidation. Nitrogen supplementation under drought stress had remarkable positive effects on the growth through physio‐biochemical adjustments as shown by higher level of nitrogenous compounds and up‐regulation of N‐associated metabolic enzymes activities which might be due to N‐mediated improved leaf relative water contents and photosynthetic efficiency. In addition, N application reduced oxidative stress and membrane damage, and maintained a high accumulation of osmolytes. However, in well‐watered seedlings N fertilization significantly improved root biomass and net CO₂ assimilation rate suggesting high N‐use efficiency of the seedlings. These findings reveal that drought significantly affects the growth of P. zhennan, while N fertilization plays a crucial role in alleviating water stress damage by improving its drought tolerance potential at low metabolic costs. Therefore, N fertilization could be considered as an effective strategy for the conservation and management of P. zhennan in the face of future climate change.     

Increased degradation of phenanthrene in soil by Pseudomonas sp. GF3 in the presence of wheat

A phenanthrene-degrading bacterial strain Pseudomonas sp. GF3 was examined for plant-growth promoting effects and phenanthrene removal in soil artificially contaminated with low and high levels of phenanthrene (0, 100 and 200 mg kg⁻¹) in pot experiments. Low and high phenanthrene treatments significantly decreased the growth of wheat. Inoculation with bacterial strain Pseudomonas sp. GF3 was found to increase root and shoot growth of wheat. Strain GF3 was able to degrade phenanthrene effectively in the unplanted and planted soils. Over a period of 80 days the concentration of phenanthrene in soil in which wheat was grown was significantly lower than in unplanted soil (p<0.05). At the end of the 80-d experiments, 62.2% and 42.3% of phenanthrene had disappeared from planted soils without Pseudomonas sp. GF3 when the phenanthrene was added at 100 and 200 mg kg⁻¹ soil, respectively, but 84.8% and 70.2% of phenanthrene had disappeared from planted soils with the bacterial inoculation. The presence of vegetation significantly enhances the dissipation of phenanthrene in the soil. There was no significant difference in soil polyphenol oxidase activities among the applications of 0, 100 and 200 mg kg⁻¹ of phenanthrene. However, the enzyme activities in planted and unplanted soils inoculated with the strain Pseudomonas sp. GF3 were significantly higher than those of non-inoculation controls. The bacterial isolate was also able to colonize and develop in the rhizosphere soil of wheat after inoculation.