Cu~(2+)胁迫对花椰菜种子的萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响

以花椰菜为试材,用不同浓度Cu~(2+)(12.5、25.0、50.0、100.0mg·L-1)处理花椰菜种子,研究Cu~(2+)胁迫对花椰菜种子的萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响。结果表明:随Cu~(2+)浓度增加,花椰菜植物种子的萌发受到抑制;对根的生长发育影响较大,叶片内叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量呈下降趋势;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性总体上升,丙二醛(MDA)及脯氨酸(Pro)含量呈先升后降的趋势。     

槐叶萍生物体微量元素含量特征研究

为了解京杭运河台儿庄段槐叶萍生物体中微量元素的含量特征,运用非色散原子荧光光度计和火焰原子吸收分光光度计测定了槐叶萍生物体不同部位中微量元素的含量。结果显示:Fe、Mn、Zn、Ni、Cu、Se 6种微量元素在槐叶萍花芽、叶、根与茎中含量差异极显著(P≤0.01),其中槐叶萍中微量元素Fe含量最高,Se的含量最低;与同科植物体比较,京杭运河台儿庄段槐叶萍生物体中微量元素Fe、Mn含量处于中等水平,Zn、Cu含量处于下游水平。     

基于GIS的猕猴桃电商精准营销智能分析

旨在解决传统农产品营销模式中的种植计划粗放、营销市场针对性不足、无法充分挖掘市场等问题,实现猕猴桃电商精准营销.通过互联网等途径采集历年猕猴桃电商营销情况相关数据并建立猕猴桃地理信息数据库,结合GIS的地理数据空间分析与可视化技术,对猕猴桃营销大数据进行智能分析与深度挖掘.可以实现详细的数据统计、分析与总览等,对各地区...     

月季花瓣衰老过程中可溶性蛋白的SDS—PAGE分析

对月季花瓣衰老过程中可溶性蛋白的ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ进行了分析,结果表明,蛋白条带变化表现出３种情况：（１）从瓶插开始到结束蛋白条带基本保持稳定;（２）随花瓣衰老,蛋白条带逐渐减弱、消失;（３）随着花的衰老,有新的蛋白条带出现。对花进行ＡＢＡ或乙烯促衰处理,也导致相应的某些蛋白条带的变化,说明这些蛋白的变化可能与衰老有关。     

Selection of Tolerant Plants and Their Arrangement to Restore a Forest Ecosystem Damaged by Air Pollution

Plants tolerant to polluted environments were selected, based on several criteria, to restore a coastal forest ecosystem severely damaged by air pollutants discharged from an industrial complex. In addition, a restoration plan was prepared synthesizing these results and the diagnostic ecological indicators in the area for which restoration is required. Pollution-tolerant plants of 11 tree and subtree species, 10 herb species and one shrub species were selected from field surveys in the vicinity of two representative industrial complexes in Korea, Ulsan and Yeocheon. Nine species were selected for tolerance to SO₂ fumigation and six species were selected for tolerance to Al³⁺. Growth and photosynthetic responses of sample plants transplanted into polluted and unpolluted sites showed that 15 species out of the 26 sample plants showed a disposition for tolerance. Most of these are endemic plants and they are composed of diverse species in structure and function. This result implies that these tolerant species could play important roles in the restoration of the study area, which has several specific features. On the other hand, results from transplant tests indicate that a field survey is the most reasonable method for selection of tolerant plants to restore a pollution-damaged ecosystem, as was shown in another restoration program. Results of ecological analysis on vegetation map indicate that the spatial range within the first ridge is the sector for which restoration is required. This sector was classified into four zones on the basis of topographic conditions: lower and upper slopes of both slopes facing and opposite the pollution source. Guidelines for soil amelioration and arrangement of tolerant plants were prepared considering the degree of vegetation degradation, leaf damage of major plant species and soil pollution in each zone under the restoration plan.     

玉米秸秆腐解规律及土壤微生物功能多样性研究

试验以玉米长期连作和玉米—小麦轮作土壤为研究对象,采用网袋法设定秸秆覆盖和深埋2个还田处理,间隔不同时间取样,分析秸秆腐解特征及土壤微生物群落功能多样性。结果表明,针对不同土壤来说,玉米—小麦轮作土壤中2种秸秆还田方式下(T1和T2),玉米秸秆腐解速率、养分(N、P和K)释放率均高于玉米长期连作土壤(CT1和CT2);不同秸秆腐解时间下,土壤微生物群落功能多样性各处理表现不同。总的来说,T1和T2处理的微生物群落平均颜色变化率、丰富度指数、优势度指数和均匀度指数均高于CT1和CT2。在玉米长期连作种植区,秸秆深埋比秸秆覆盖能更有效提高玉米秸秆腐解率和改善土壤微生物群落结构的功能多样性。     

冻融循环下冷冻非发酵面团品质的变化及机理

为了探讨储运销售过程引起的冻融循环对冷冻非发酵面团品质的影响,利用低场核磁共振分析仪（LF-NMR）、质构仪与流变仪等对样品面团水分与蛋白质组分、质构与流变特性进行测定,研究冻融循环下冷冻非发酵面团品质变化。结果表明：5次冻融交替中,失水率显著上升,达至3.14%;总水分中半结合水含量在 F1后整体呈下降趋势,表明冻融循环过程中,半结合水不断散失;至第5次冻融时,醇溶蛋白含量显著下降（P＜0.05）,谷蛋白与谷蛋白大分子聚合物（GMP）含量至第4次冻融后均显著下降（P＜0.05）,分别降至2.26%与0.70%;生面坯剪切力显著上升,强韧性则与之相反;熟面坯硬度呈上升再下降趋势,黏性基本呈上升,弹性呈下降趋势;弹性模量G'与黏性模量G'均呈下降趋势,且在第4次时,tanδ（tanδ=G'/G'）至最大,表明G'的变化程度比G'大。由此可见,冻融循环致使冷冻非发酵面团品质有所下降。总而言之,冻融循环对冷冻非发酵面团的品质下降产生一定的负面影响。     

Powdery Mildew Resistance in a Collection of Chinese Barley Varieties

One hundred and forty-seven Chinese barley varieties maintained at the Gene Bank of the National Barley Improvement Centre, Zhejiang, and 84 progenies from these varieties were tested at the seedling stage for their reaction to 32 selected pathotypes of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Eighteen resistance spectra were identified comprising single or combined resistances from eight known (Ml(Bw), Ml(Ch), Mla7, Mla8, Mla9, Mla13, MlaRu4 and Mlg) and six unknown resistance genes. The most frequent gene was Ml(Bw), which was found in 69 varieties and previously detected in only a few European winter barley varieties. The genes Mla8 and Ml(Ch) were also often present, but other resistance genes were rare. After inoculation, considerably fewer pathogen colonies were observed in ‘Aiganqi’ and one line of ‘Tong5’. Twenty varieties were composed of lines with different resistance genes. China is likely to be a region of origin of the genes Ml(Bw), Mla7, as well as three unknown genes found in original landraces and perhaps another three unknown genes detected in cultivars bred in China. The resistances of varieties from the Zhejiang province and those originating from 11 other Chinese provinces were quite different. Unfortunately, none of the varieties are promising sources of resistance to powdery mildew and China does not seem to be a region suitable for identifying such sources.     

Cation exchange capacity of density fractions from paired conifer/grassland soils

The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of a soil depends on the type and amount of both mineral and organic surfaces. Previous studies that have sought to determine the relative contribution of organic matter to total soil CEC have not addressed differences in soil organic matter (SOM) composition that could lead to differences in CEC. The objectives of this study were (1) to compare the CEC of two distinct SOM pools, the “light fraction (LF)” composed of particulate plant, animal, and microbial debris, and the “heavy fraction (HF)” composed of mineral-bound organic matter; and (2) to examine the effects of differences in aboveground vegetation on CEC. Soil samples were collected from four paired grassland/conifer sites within a single forested area and density fractionated. LF CEC was higher in conifer soils than in grassland soils, but there was no evidence of an effect of vegetation on CEC for the HF or bulk soil. LF CEC (but not HF CEC) correlated well with the C concentration in the fraction. The mean CEC of both fractions (per kg fraction) exceeded that of the bulk soil; thus, when the LF and HF CEC were combined mathematically by weighting values for each fraction in proportion to dry mass, the resulting value was nearly twice the measured CEC of bulk soil. On a whole soil basis, the HF contributed on average 97% of the CEC of the whole soil, although this conclusion must be tempered given the inflation of CEC values by the density fractionation procedure.     

Long-term effect of chemical fertilizer,straw, and manure on labile organic matter fractions in a paddy soil

To assess the effect of long-term fertilization on labile organic matter fractions, we analyzed the C and N mineralization and C and N content in soil, particulate organic matter (POM), light fraction organic matter (LFOM), and microbial biomass. Results showed that fertilizer N decreased or did not affect the C and N amounts in soil fractions, except N mineralization and soil total N. The C and N amounts in soil and its fractions increased with the application of fertilizer PK and rice straw. Generally, there was no significant difference between fertilizer PK and rice straw. Furthermore, application of manure was most effective in maintaining soil organic matter and labile organic matter fractions. Soils treated with manure alone had the highest microbial biomass C and C and N mineralization. A significant correlation was observed between the C content and N content in soil, POM, LFOM, microbial biomass, or the readily mineralized organic matter. The amounts of POM–N, LFOM–N, POM–C, and LFOM–C closely correlated with soil organic C or total N content. Microbial biomass N was closely related to the amounts of POM–N, LFOM–N, POM–C, and LFOM–C, while microbial biomass C was closely related to the amounts of POM–N, POM–C, and soil total N. These results suggested that microbial biomass C and N closely correlated with POM rather than SOM. Carbon mineralization was closely related to the amounts of POM–N, POM–C, microbial biomass C, and soil organic C, but no significant correlation was detected between N mineralization with C or N amounts in soil and its fractions.