以四倍体桑为亲本选育高产杂交组合的研究

以人工创造的四倍体桑为亲本,以2n×4n、4n×2n、4n×4n形式配成三倍体杂交组合和四倍体杂交组合共219个,以沙2×伦109为对照建立试验圃进行品种比较试验。结果有37个三倍体杂交组合和26个四倍体杂交组合产叶量比对照增产10％以上,其中增产20％以上的组合有32个。初步育成“特优1号”、“特优2号”、“特优3号”等优良三倍体杂交组合。     

话说香鱼

香鱼是一种名贵鱼类，盛产于日本、朝鲜等地，我国自辽宁到福建沿海都有分布，其中辽宁的碧流河产量较大。香鱼因其肉味鲜美且具有特殊风味而驰名中外。浙江的火焙香鱼干、日本的盐渍烤香鱼都是驰名的美味佳肴。香鱼在日本是一种名贵鱼类食品及观赏游钓对象。日本香鱼的商品规格一般为50～150克，有的可达400克，价格约在1000～3000日元／公斤，与鳗鲡价格基本相同。     

推进农业产业化对策初探

近年来,各地围绕全面建设小康社会的目标,积极推进农业产业化进程,在支柱产业选择、龙头企业培植、生产基地建立和农产品增值加工等方面都取得了一定的成效。本文以邵武市为例,概述了邵武市农业产业化已取得的成效,对进一步推进农业产业化提出若干建议。     

白跗平腹小蜂对主要森林害虫抑制力研究

１９８７～１９９２年连续６年研究结果表明，白跗平腹小蜂Ａｎａｓｔａｔｕｓａｌｂｉｔａｒｓｉｓ对马尾松毛虫Ｄｅｎｄｒｏｌｉｍｕｓｐｕｎｃｔａｔｕｓ、柳杉毛虫Ｄｅｎｄｒｏｌｉｍｕｓｌａｔｉｐｅｎｎｉｓ、水青蛾Ａｃｔｉａｓｓｅｔｅｎｅｎｉｎｇｐｏａｎａ等１３种主要森林害虫卵有较明显的抑制作用。在林间，该蜂对马尾松毛虫第１、２代卵的自然抑制力分别力１６．５５％和２２．２９％，对柳杉毛虫越冬代卵的自然抑制力为２３．４５％；对水青蛾第１、２代卵的抑制力分别力５．４９％和２．６３％；在林间，人为释放白跗平腹小蜂对第１代马尾松毛虫卵的校正抑制力为３３．５％，在室内１２．３～２８℃范围内，每头雌峰对马尾松毛虫、水青蛾和柞蚕剖腹卵的日破坏数（寄生数）分别力１５、１８和２６粒，一生破坏数分别为５６、９１和２０８粒。即使虫卵即将孵化，该峰同样亦能寄生，并羽化出正常的子代白跗平腹小蜂。     

雄蚕杂交种的应用研究

总结了4年8个蚕期利用家蚕性连锁平衡致死第转育改良组配成的7对雄蚕杂交组合的饲养试验。结果表明雄蚕杂交种具有食桑省、叶丝转化率高、能够大幅度提高蚕出丝率、茧丝质量优异等优点，具有广阔的推广应用前景，对于改造提升传统蚕丝业具有重要意义。     

添加物对精子体外获能的影响及其分子机制

获能是哺乳动物精子的成熟过程和受精的必要前提,获能液中添加物从不同方面影响精子获能;本文阐述了肝素、Ca2 载体A23187、葡萄糖、孕酮、咖啡因等添加物对精子体外获能的影响及其作用机制。     

深水区大型抗风浪网箱配套设施系统

本文分析深水抗风浪网箱的发展现状,阐述网箱配套设施的基本工作原理,并提出装备网箱配套设施的必要性.为使深水抗风浪网箱养殖业稳步、持续发展,必须加大科研投入,尽快开展网箱配套设施的研究,研发一批实用性强、生产效率高、节省劳力和减轻劳动强度的设备.     

皖西白鹅羽区皮肤组织结构的研究及其绒被分析

本试验针对皖西白鹅绒皮制裘生产中的问题，观察研究了１２０、１５０、２００、２４０、３６０、５４０六个日龄组计４８只皖西白鹅绒皮的组织结构。结果表明，各日龄组皮肤结构差异不甚明显。其真皮内羽肌发达，羽囊粗大，脂肪组织含量多，纤维层薄，纤维成分少，排列疏松。２４０日龄以后纤维层增厚。     

‘Plantibodies’: a flexible approach to design resistance against pathogens

Engineering resistance against various diseases and pests is hampered by the lack of suitable genes. To overcome this problem we started a research program aimed at obtaining resistance by transfecting plants with genes encoding monoclonal antibodies against pathogen specific proteins. The idea is that monoclonal antibodies will inhibit the biological activity of molecules that are essential for the pathogenesis. Potato cyst nematodes are chosen as a model and it is thought that monoclonal antibodies are able to block the function of the saliva proteins of this parasite. These proteins are, among others, responsible for the induction of multinucleate transfer cells upon which the nematode feeds. It is well documented that the ability of antibodies to bind molecules is sufficient to inactivate the function of an antigen and in view of the potential of animals to synthesize antibodies to almost any molecular structure, this strategy should be feasible for a wide range of diseases and pests.Antibodies have several desirable features with regard to protein engineering. The antibody (IgG) is a Y-shaped molecule, in which the domains forming the tips of the arms bind to antigen and those forming the stem are responsible for triggering effector functions (Fc fragments) that eliminate the antigen from the animal. Domains carrying the antigen-binding loops (Fv and Fab fragments) can be used separately from the Fc fragments without loss of affinity. The antigen-binding domains can also be endowed with new properties by fusing them to toxins or enzymes. Antibody engineering is also facilitated by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A systematic comparison of the nucleotide sequence of more than 100 antibodies revealed that not only the 3′-ends, but also the 5′-ends of the antibody genes are relatively conserved. We were able to design a small set of primers with restriction sites for forced cloning, which allowed the amplification of genes encoding antibodies specific for the saliva proteins ofGlobodera rostochiensis. Complete heavy and light chain genes as well as single chain Fv fragments (scFv), in which the variable parts of the light (V_L) and heavy chain (V_H) are linked by a peptide, will be transferred to potato plants. A major challenge will be to establish a correct expression of the antibody genes with regard to three dimensional folding, assembly and intracellular location.     

Ovipositor length of threeApocrypta species: Effect on oviposition behavior and correlation with syconial thickness

We investigated oviposition behavior in three non-pollinating fig wasps: the sympatric speciesApocrypta bakeri Joseph onFicus hispida L.,A. westwoodi Grandi onF. racemosa L., andApocrypta sp. onF. semicordata Buch.-Ham. The oviposition behavior differs significantly between one pair of species (A. bakeri andA. westwoodi) and the other species (Apocrypta sp. onF. semicordata).A. bakeri andA. westwoodi were similar in the following aspects: the posture of the abdomen and the action of the hind legs before penetration, and the bending ovipositor sheath during penetration. In contrast, the oviposition behavior ofApocrypta sp. is quite different. This difference can be explained by the significant correlation between ovipositor length and syconial thickness.Apocrypta sp. has a shorter ovipositor than the two other species, which correlates with the thinner syconial wall of its host figF. semicordata. It is deduced that the ovipositor length adapts to the syconial thickness and induces the oviposition behavior in the different species to diverge. For all threeApocrypta species, the midleg length and hindleg length are significantly correlated with their ovipositor lengths. This may be explained as due to the fact that body movement adjusting the hindlegs and midlegs up and down, or forward and backward, is also influenced by the ovipositor length.