内型ν-异莰烷基醇的乙酸酯的合成

以内型ν－异莰烷基醇与乙酸酐反应合成了６种内型ν－异莰烷基醇的乙酸酯，产品纯化后进行了ＩＲ、１ＨＮＭＲ与ＭＳ分析     

林龄、叶龄对亚热带杉木人工林碳氮稳定同位素组成的影响

[目的]研究5个不同林龄(3,8,14,21,46年)、不同叶龄(当年生、1年生、2年生、3年生)杉木人工林叶片的碳、氮稳定同位素组成,并根据它们对氮循环等过程的指示作用来探索不同林龄、叶龄杉木人工林氮循环过程及氮饱和程度的差异,从而为不同生长阶段杉木人工林制定施肥措施提供科学依据.[方法]以福建南平峡阳林场5块相互毗邻的不同林龄杉木人工林为研究对象,在每个林龄的林分内分别设置4个20 m ×20 m的试验小区.分别采集不同林龄杉木活叶并根据“主干法”将采集的杉叶分为不同叶龄,然后在每个小区内采集0 ～ 10 cm深度土层的土样,用同位素质谱仪测定它们的碳、氮稳定同位素组成(δ13C,δ15N),用碳氮元素分析仪测定叶片氮含量,叶片15N富集指数由叶片δ15N值减去相应的土壤δ15N得到.[结果]叶片δ15N值的变化范围为-2.52‰～2.81‰,叶片氮含量的变化范围为7.72％～13.5％,二者在不同林龄间均具有极显著差异,并均呈现出幼林和老林较高、处于速生期的林分较低的趋势,且叶片δ15N值与叶片氮含量之间存在显著的相关性,但不同叶龄叶片δ15N值间则不具有显著差异;不同林龄叶片的15N富集指数存在显著差异,呈现出幼林与老林叶片15N富集指数较接近于0的趋势;叶片δ13C的变化范围为-29.93‰～-27.88‰,不同林龄间差异不显著,但同一林龄不同叶龄叶片的δ13C则有显著差异,且有随着叶龄增大而减小的趋势.[结论]不同林龄叶片δ13C差异不显著但呈现幼年较低的趋势,可能是不同树高导致不同林龄杉木水分利用效率间的差异所致,而同一林龄不同叶龄杉木δ13C间的显著差异则可能是光合作用效率不同造成的.不同林龄在叶片δ15N、叶片氮含量、叶片15N富集指数间的显著差异均指示出处于速生期的林分氮饱和程度显著低于幼林和老林,这说明虽然我国亚热带地区氮沉降现象严重,但氮素仍是限制处于速生期杉木人工林生长的因素.     

福建省尤溪九阜山省级自然保护区山茶科植物资源调查

为合理开发利用九阜山省级自然保护区山茶科植物资源,对该区山茶科植物资源进行调查,结果表明该区山茶科植物共有7属28种(包括变种)。对其种类占全国与福建省的比例、属的分布区类型、优势属、生活型与生态环境条件、数量以及应用途径进行了分析,并提出保护与开发利用建议。     

金平县林业产业发展现状及对策

指出了金平县是一个典型的山区林业大县,山区面积占全县总面积的98.7％.林业产业是同时兼有生态、经济和社会三大效益的特殊产业,在促进经济社会可持续发展中,具有其它行业不可替代的重要作用.近年来随着财政投入的增大和各族群众意识的增强,鼓励发展经济林、野生观赏苗木、用材林、商品林(杉木)和林下经济作物等林业产业,充分开发利用荒山荒地资源,发展绿色无公害林业产业,不仅可以增加农民经济收入,还可有效维持金平山绿水清,山有多高水有多清的天然资源环境.因此,发展林业产业,对全县经济建设和生态文明建设具有重要的双重意义.     

Insights into the differences in leaf functional traits of heterophyllous Syringa oblata under different light intensities

Many plants exhibit heterophylly; the spatially and temporally remarkable ontogenetic differences in leaf morphology may play an adaptative role in their success under diverse habitats. Thus, this stud...     

基于改进SSD卷积神经网络的苹果定位与分级方法

为实现苹果果径与果形快速准确自动化分级,提出了基于改进型SSD卷积神经网络的苹果定位与分级算法。深度图像与两通道图像融合提高苹果分级效率,即对从顶部获取的苹果RGB图像进行通道分离,并提取分离通道中影响苹果识别精度最大的两个通道与基于ZED双目立体相机从苹果顶部获取的苹果部分深度图像进行融合,在融合图像中计算苹果的纵径相关信息,实现了基于顶部融合图像的多个苹果果形分级和信息输出;使用深度可分离卷积模块替换原SSD网络主干特征提取网络中部分标准卷积,实现了网络的轻量化。经过训练的算法在验证集下的识别召回率、精确率、mAP和F1值分别为93.68%、94.89%、98.37%和94.25%。通过对比分析了4种输入层识别精确率的差异,实验结果表明输入层的图像通道组合为DGB时对苹果的识别与分级mAP最高。在使用相同输入层的情况下,比较原SSD、Faster R-CNN与YOLO v5算法在不同果实数目下对苹果的实际识别定位与分级效果,并以mAP为评估值,实验结果表明改进型SSD在密集苹果的mAP与原SSD相当,比Faster R-CNN高1.33个百分点,比YOLO v5高14.23个百分点...     

Detection of castor contamination by real-time polymerase chain reaction

Due to the potential for intentional contamination of food with crude preparations containing ricin, a real-time PCR method was developed for the detection of castor plant material in ground beef. One primer pair was identified and confirmed to be castor-specific and efficient for amplification of ricin in DNA extracts from castor or beef matrices. Of three different DNA extraction protocols compared, the hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method yielded the highest quality of DNA for QPCR assay. The detection limit for castor contamination in ground beef samples was <0.001% (<10 microg of castor acetone powder per gram of beef, corresponding to 0.5 microg of ricin), indicating excellent sensitivity for the assay, well below the threshold for oral toxicity.     

Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of pentachloronitrobenzene residues in environmental samples

A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB), a fungicide and chemical intermediate, was developed using a polyclonal antiserum produced against a hapten-protein conjugate of pentachlorophenoxypropionic acid-bovine serum albumin (BSA). An indirect competitive ELISA of PCNB showed an IC50 of 37 ng/mL and a limit of detection (LOD) of 7 ng/mL. The ELISA can tolerate up to 10% (v/v) methanol, 5% (v/v) acetonitrile, or 5% (v/v) acetone without significant fluctuation of Amax and IC50. The assay sensitivity showed little change in a range of pH from 6 to 8 and concentrations of 0.05-0.2 M NaCl in the assay buffer. Very low cross-reactivities were observed for some structurally related compounds except for hexachlorobenzene (12%). The average recoveries of PCNB from fortified well water, river water, and soil samples were in ranges of 88-94, 80-91, and 70-81%, respectively. The correlations between the gas chromatographic and ELISA results were excellent (r 2 >or= 0.97, slopes from 0.86 to 1.10) for those fortified samples. The ELISA is a good alternative tool for monitoring PCNB residues in environmental samples.     

Improvement of texture properties and flavor of frozen dough by carrot (Daucus carota) antifreeze protein supplementation

The effects of concentrated carrot protein (CCP) containing 15.4% (w/w) carrot (Daucus carota) antifreeze protein on texture properties of frozen dough and volatile compounds of crumb were studied. CCP supplementation lowered the freezable water content of the dough, resulting in some beneficial effects including holding loaf volume steadily and making the dough softer and steadier during frozen storage. Furthermore, SPME-GC-MS analysis showed CCP supplementation did not give any negative influences on volatile compounds of crumb and gave a pleasant aroma felt like Michelia alba DC from trans-caryophyllene simultaneously. Combining our previous results that CCP supplementation improves the fermentation capacity of the frozen dough, CCP could be used as a beneficial additive for frozen dough processing.