施肥对贵南县轻度退化草甸植被特征的影响

草地退化已严重影响青藏高原高寒牧区畜牧业的发展,施肥是改良轻度退化草地的常用措施。2011-2012年,本研究以贵南县轻度退化草地为研究对象,2011年施加不同氮肥量（0,60,105,150,195和240 kg·hm^-2）和菌肥（45 m³·hm^-2）,探讨施肥在退化草地治理过程中对草地群落盖度、高度和地上生物量的影响。结果表明：施肥处理能够有效提高轻度退化草地植被群落的盖度、高度和总地上生物量,且施肥后次年轻度退化草地群落的盖度、高度和总地上生物量显著（P<0.05）优于当年。45 m³·hm^-2菌肥处理在当年的效果较好,195 kg·hm^-2氮肥处理在次年更佳,2012年7-10月地上总生物量均为最高,分别比不施肥处理分别高出44.3%,97.1%,123.0%和135.4%。不同草种对施肥的响应也不同,195 kg·hm^-2氮肥处理下,2011年禾草地上生物量较高,2012年莎草生物量高于禾草。综上,195 kg·hm^-2尿素施用量配合围栏封育的措施可用于贵南县轻度退化草地的植被恢复。     

Effects of dietary lysozyme levels on growth performance,intestinal morphology,non‐specific immunity and mRNA expression in weanling piglets

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of dietary lysozyme levels on growth performance, gut health and non‐specific immunity of weanling piglets. A total of 150 weanling piglets were allocated to six treatments. The piglets were fed the same basel diet supplemented with 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg/kg lysozyme as well as antibiotics for 28 days. From day 14 to day 28 of dietary treatment, piglets fed 90 mg/kg lysozyme had greater average daily gain than piglets fed control diet. During the whole experimental period, piglets fed 120 mg/kg lysozyme tended to have greater average daily gain than piglets fed control diet. Compared with piglets fed control diet, piglets fed diets containing antibiotics and 90 mg/kg lysozyme had greater villus height to crypt depth ratio in duodenum and jejunum. Additionally, dietary supplementation of 60 and 90 mg/kg lysozyme as well as antibiotics enhanced the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages in piglets. In conclusion, dietary lysozyme can accelerate the growth of weanling piglets by improving gut health and non‐specific immunity and supplementing 90 mg/kg lysozyme is as effective as antibiotics (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate + 50 mg/kg kitasamycin) in improving the growth performance of weanling piglets.     

胶合板剪切强度试件的力学分析

通过对胶合板剪切强度试件的力学分析,表明试验机的夹头应采取上下可移动、左右固定法。在测试时,应注意取样方法,试验用水、加荷速度、计算公式和试验的判定。     

Characterization of MC1R and KIT Genotypes in Luchuan Pig Population

In order to assess the purity of Luchuan pig populations, four South Chinese local pig breeds including Putian Black pig, Yuedong Black pig, Dahuabai pig, Bama miniature pig and three foreign pig breeds including Duroc pig, Yorkshire pig and Landrace pig were studied as controls by sequencing of PCR products, MC1R and KIT genotypes in 56 Luchuan pigs were analyzed in this study. Sequencing results indicated that a splicing mutation (G>A) was presented in the first base in intron 17 of KIT gene in both Yorkshire pig and Landrace pig, in contrast, the wildtype GG of KIT gene was presented in Luchuan pig, four south Chinese local pig breeds and Duroc pig.Compared with Hainan wild boar, South Chinese local pig breeds had two missense mutations 95Val > Met and 102Leu > Pro in the coding region of MC1R gene;Compared with Yorkshire pig, Landrace pig and Duroc pig, South Chinese local pig breeds had 5 to 6 SNPs in MC1R gene 5'UTR, and in addtion, an A base deletion in MC1R gene 3'UTR. Furthermore, we found one litter of Luchuan pig with abnormal coat color.The results showed that the presentation of two distinct MC1R genotypes E^D1 and E^p in both litters and the sow,but only E^D1 in the boar. Considering E^p was derived from Pietrain pig, we preliminarily considered that the genome of the sow might be infiltrated with foreign pig breeds. In summary, we detected the genotypes of the coat color genes KIT and MC1R in eight pig breeds, confirmed the molecular differences of coat color between Chinese local pig breeds and foreign pig breeds, which could be useful for the further investigation of the molecular mechanism of pig coat color.     

棉隆熏蒸加短期轮作葱对平邑甜茶幼苗生长及其生理的影响

以盆栽平邑甜茶幼苗为试材,连续2年研究了老龄苹果园土壤经棉隆熏蒸后轮作一茬葱对再植平邑甜茶植株生理特征的影响,为其减轻苹果连作障碍提供理论依据。结果表明：老龄苹果园土壤轮作葱、棉隆熏蒸、棉隆熏蒸后短期轮作葱均能显著促进连作土壤再植平邑甜茶幼苗的生长,其中以棉隆熏蒸后短期轮作葱处理效果最佳。与棉隆熏蒸相比,棉隆熏蒸加短期轮作葱处理的平邑甜茶株高、地径、鲜质量、干质量、根系呼吸速率在2016年7月分别提高了34.5%、19.5%、30.0%、22.6%、21.3%,2017年7月,上述指标分别提高了29.9%、28.4%、35.0%、34.4%、26.5%;棉隆熏蒸后短期轮作葱还显著降低了根系及叶片中MDA含量,提高了根系抗氧化酶（SOD、POD、CAT）活性,两者联用处理的平邑甜茶幼苗净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间CO2浓度（Gi）等较棉隆熏蒸也有显著提高。因此,棉隆熏蒸后短期轮作葱能有效防控苹果连作障碍。     

牛蒡上发生的根结线虫种类鉴定

2007～2009年,对我国牛蒡主产区的牛蒡及其根际土壤中的植物寄生线虫进行调查研究,发现根结线虫危害最为严重。根据根结线虫的形态学特征和分子生物学检测方法对其进行鉴定,结果表明,我国牛蒡主产区根结线虫种类为北方根结线虫(Meloidogyne hapla)。     

油菜素内酯和脱落酸调控葡萄果实花色苷合成的研究

【目的】为研究2,4-表油菜素内酯(2,4-epibrassinolide,EBR)和脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)处理对葡萄花色苷合成与可溶性固形物含量、果皮苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和类黄酮糖基转移酶(UFGT)活性以及果实内源ABA含量的影响,探索油菜素内酯调控葡萄果实成熟及花色苷合成的机理。【方法】以酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’(Cabernet Sauvignon)和‘烟73’(Yan 73)为试材,在葡萄转色前分别用0.1、0.4、0.8 mg.L-1EBR,1mg.L-1Brz(brassinazole,BR生物合成抑制剂)和200 mg.L-1ABA,均匀喷施于葡萄果实,在葡萄成熟过程中测定葡萄果皮花色苷含量及PAL和UFGT酶活性,同时测定果实ABA和可溶性固形物含量。【结果】在果实着色初期,‘赤霞珠’和‘烟73’葡萄果皮PAL和UFGT活性及果实内源ABA含量均逐渐升高,当果实接近成熟花色苷含量基本稳定时ABA含量开始降低。与对照相比,0.4mg.L-1EBR和200 mg.L-1ABA处理显著增加了果实内源ABA含量,提高了果皮PAL和UFGT活性,促进了果皮花色苷的合成和果实可溶性固形物的积累。0.1 mg.L-1和0.8 mg.L-1EBR处理总体增加了果实内源ABA含量,促进了花色苷的合成和可溶性固形物的积累,并提高了UFGT和PAL酶活性,但比0.4 mg.L-1EBR处理提高的幅度小,且差异显著。1 mg.L-1Brz处理使果实ABA的合成推迟,果实可溶性固形物含量、果皮PAL和UFGT活性以及花色苷含量均低于对照,但差异不显著。【结论】外源EBR和ABA处理促进了葡萄成熟和花色苷合成,在不同浓度EBR处理中,以0.4 mg.L-1处理效果较好;内源ABA可能参与了EBR对葡萄成熟和花色苷合成的调控。     

菊花绿变病植原体在中国的发生及分子鉴定

对内蒙古农业大学校园内表现花器绿变症状的菊花样品进行采集和DNA提取,应用植原体16S rRNA基因和rp基因的引物进行巢式PCR扩增,从感病样品中分别扩增得到了长度均约为1.2 kb的片段。序列一致性分析表明,菊花绿变植原体16S rRNA基因与翠菊黄化植原体匈牙利风信子株系(GenBank登录号MN080271)、印度玉米株系(KY565571)、印度繁缕株系(KC623537)和印度马铃薯株系(KC312703)的核酸一致性最高,为99.9%,rp基因序列与翠菊黄化植原体立陶宛洋葱株系(GU228514)的核酸一致性最高,为99.8%。基于16S rRNA基因和rp基因构建系统进化树时发现,菊花绿变植原体均与16SrI-B亚组成员聚为一起。16S rRNA基因相似性系数分析表明,菊花绿变植原体与洋葱黄化植原体(AP006628)的相似性系数最高为1.00,洋葱黄化植原体(AP006628)在分类上属于16SrI-B亚组。因此,我们可以确定该菊花绿变植原体属于16SrI-B亚组。这是我国首次报道菊花绿变病的发生。     

进口SPF鼠调整隔离期检疫风险分析

[目的]探讨缩短隔离期的可行性,以促进SPF鼠尽早用于科研。[方法 ]重点分析了境外环节SPF小鼠/大鼠的饲养设施、饲养管理、卫生控制、病原检测、官方监管及运输条件,研究了SPF鼠进境后的运输车辆、隔离设施、地方监管要求及历年进口发生问题的几率,比较了11个国家进口SPF鼠的隔离检疫政策。[结果 ]进口SPF鼠传入相关疫病的风险低、进境后暴露发生疫病的风险低,相关国家官方不进行强制隔离检疫。[结论 ]考虑到我国目前对活动物的隔离检疫政策和生命科学领域特殊需求,综合《进境动物检疫疫病名录》相关鼠病和国标《实验动物微生物学等级及监测》相关检测要求,建议在符合相应要求的条件下,调整进境SPF鼠隔离期为14天。