环境应激对肉鸡的影响和对策

在规模化养殖模式下,肉鸡不可避免地受到不同环境因子的影响而产生应激,环境应激直接影响肉鸡养殖的生产性能和产品质量.本文总结了几种常见环境应激因子对肉鸡健康状况、生产性能、免疫性能、血液生理生化指标、肉品质和机体器官等的影响以及降低肉鸡环境应激的主要技术措施,为有效降低环境应激、提高肉鸡养殖效益提供参考.     

Effects of synthetic kainic acid on microfilament expression and gap junction in astrocytes

AIM：To study the effects of synthetic kainic acid (SKA) and 1-heptanol (1-Hep), a gap junction blocker, on the cytoskeletal filament expression in the astrocytes. METHODS：The neonatal rat brain was obtained from the Wistar rats (1 day old) and primary purified astrocytes were obtained by differential attachment for removing filamentoblasts and orbital shaker for removing the oligodendrocytes. The effects of SKA and other interventions on the morphologic changes and expression levels of skeleton protein filamentous actin (F-actin) were observed in the astrocytes after 24 h of the exposures by laser scanning confocal microscopy. The effect of 1-Hep on the expression of F-actin was also explored. RESULTS：Compared with control group, the fluorescence intensities in KCl group and KCl+SKA group were increased, and highly increased in KCl+SKA group. The F-actin filaments in the above 2 groups were more intensive, thickened and concentrated than those in control group, and more obvious in KCl+SKA group. l-Hep significantly decreased the expression of F-actin in KCl group and KCl+SKA group as compared with control group, and parts of the filamentous fracture were seen in the astrocytes in all 1-Hep-treated groups, in which some of the filamentous lines were crosscut. CONCLUSION：Increase in the expression of F-actin in the astrocytes affects the structure and function of the intercellular gap junctions, which may be involved in the mechanism of SKA-induced epilepsy.     

地理标志产品“马家沟芹菜”品牌的形成与发展

“马家沟芹菜”作为蔬菜类地理标志农产品的典型代表,经过多年的培育,已经成为我国知名的品牌。本文从“马家沟芹菜”的历史形成、品牌培育以及发展和保护等方面进行系统阐述。     

Effect of idazoxan on permeability of blood-brain barrier and expression of MMP-9/TIMP-1 in mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

AIM：To study the effect of idazoxan (IDA) on the permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) in mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).METHODS：Female C57BL/6 mice (n=36) were randomly divided into control group, EAE group and IDA group, with 12 mice in each group. EAE was induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 (MOG35-55). IDA (2 mg/kg, ip, bid) was administered for 15 d after immunization. The neurological defects of the mice were observed daily and scored. The pathological changes were observed under microscope with HE staining and LFB myelin staining. The BBB permeability was detected by Evans blue extravasation. The expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the brain of EAE mice was determined by Western blotting.RESULTS：Compared with EAE group, the score of neurological defects in IDA group was decreased, the inflammation was relieved, the BBB permeability was reduced, and the expression MMP-9 and the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1 were decreased (P<0.05).CONCLUSION：The neuroprotective effect of IDA on mouse EAE might be related to the down-regulation of MMP-9 and the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1, thus reducing the degradation of BBB and the permeability of BBB, and ameliorating the pathologic process of EAE.     

厚皮甜瓜新品种敦蜜1 号的选育

敦蜜1 号是以自交系ML29 为母本,以自交系ML20 为父本配制而成的厚皮甜瓜一代杂种。中早熟,露地栽培生育
期87 d（天）左右。果实发育期40 d（天）左右。植株生长势强,叶色深绿。果实椭圆形,果形指数1.4,果皮纯白色带网纹,
果肉浅绿色,肉厚3.4 cm,中心可溶性固形物含量16.4%,耐贮运。单瓜质量1.5 kg 左右,每667 m² 产量2 260 kg 左右。抗
甜瓜蔓枯病、霜霉病、白粉病。适宜于酒泉市及类似区域大田地膜覆盖种植。     

菠菜遗传育种研究进展

菠菜营养丰富,耐寒性强,生产周期短,复种指数高,在我国南北各地普遍栽培,是春、秋、冬季的主要绿叶蔬菜
之一,也是我国主要出口蔬菜之一。随着生活水平的提高,对菠菜品种的种性提出了更高的要求,菠菜优良品种的选育亦引
起高度重视。本文从菠菜种质资源的收集鉴定、性状遗传规律、育种技术研究及新品种选育等方面,综述了菠菜遗传育种的
研究进展,并对我国菠菜育种面临的问题和未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

春季栽培甜玉米品种鄂甜玉6号的种植密度筛选试验

为了研究春季栽培时,不同定植密度对甜玉米品种鄂甜玉6号主要农艺性状、产量及品质的影响,对2800、3200、3500、4000株／667m^2 4个种植密度进行了比较试验,结果显示,春季栽培时3200～3500株／667m^2为鄂甜玉6号最适宜的种植密度．其产量较高。     

功能性堆肥及其浸提液在设施温室甜瓜栽培上的应用研究

以甜瓜蜜世界为试材,采用单因素完全随机设计,研究了功能性堆肥及其浸提液对甜瓜生长指标、叶绿素荧光参数、品质、单果质量及产量的影响,探讨堆肥及其浸提液在设施温室甜瓜栽培上的应用效果．为其在植物生产上的应用提供依据。结果表明,堆肥及其浸提液促进根系发育,有利于甜瓜叶面积、茎粗和株高的增加及叶片叶绿素的累积;显著提高qP,对Fv／Fm影响不显著;促进果实营养物质的累积,提高产量且改善品质;使甜瓜提前上市5-6d;降低施肥量63．28％以上,进而减少肥料成本42．86％。     

蜡样芽孢杆菌芽孢萌发及其对常规灭菌方法抵抗力的研究简

芽孢杆菌属细菌在芽孢状态下,对外界环境及理化因素具有高度抵抗力。适宜的温度、湿度及营养条件能促进芽孢萌发,影响其对常规灭菌方法的抵抗力。本试验选取蜡样芽孢杆菌作为研究对象,在适宜培养条件下使其形成芽孢,通过研究萌发后芽孢对温度、H₂O₂及含氯消毒剂等条件的抵抗力,证实了适当的条件（温度37 ℃、湿度40%、pH 7.4、30 min）能有效促进蜡样芽孢杆菌芽孢萌发,致使芽孢对高温（80 ℃、2 h）、H₂O₂（1.5 mol/L、2 h）及含氯消毒剂（有效氯含量约800 mg/L、2 h）等常规灭菌方法抵抗力明显降低,并能被有效杀灭和灭活,相对有效杀灭率分别达98.4%、98.9%及99.1%,有效杀灭率分别为88.3%、88.7%及88.9%,这对进一步研究芽孢杆菌属细菌的杀菌消毒条件具有重要参考意义。     

Development of Real-time Quantitative PCR Method for Rapid Detection of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157∶H7

A Real-time quantitative PCR method was developed for the rapid detection of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli （EHEC） O157∶H7 based on the primers and TaqMan probes which were designed for the conservative domain of rfbE gene of EHEC O157∶H7.The results showed that the sensitivity of Real-time PCR was 7.3 CFU/mL.20 from 310 samples of meat,egg,milk and its products,animal diarrhea materials and artificial contamination samples were positive detected by Real-time PCR assay,which was in accordance with the testing result according to AOAC standard.The results indicated that Real-time PCR assay was a sensitive,rapid and simple tool.