油菜钵苗开沟槽水平推苗栽植机构设计与试验

为了提高油菜钵苗移栽效率与质量,设计了一种适合厢面开沟槽水平推苗移栽的栽植机构。为了分析和优化该机构的结构参数,建立了数学模型和运动学方程,并编写了基于Matlab的人机交互式程序。结合油菜钵苗水平推苗移栽的农艺要求,探讨了栽植机构运动轨迹与幼苗移栽直立度合格率的关系。研究了水平推苗移栽的运动机理,优选了栽植机构杆件长度、安装位置和初始角度等参数,并根据该参数设计了油菜钵苗幼苗移栽试验装置。进行了栽植机构运动静、动轨迹验证试验和栽苗试验,轨迹验证试验表明,样机实际运动规律符合仿真设计要求,栽苗试验表明,在行驶速度0. 4～0. 6 m/s、栽植机构循环频率在1～1. 5 Hz之间,移栽株距0. 2～0. 3 m,移栽深度0. 04～0. 06 m时,水平推苗栽植合格率不低于90%,说明水平推苗移栽满足油菜钵苗移栽要求。     

丹参开花与繁育特性研究

 通过田间观察和人工授粉等方法, 对丹参( Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. ) 的开花生物学和繁育特性进行了初步研究。结果表明: 丹参为无限开花植物, 总状花序上通常有两性花近50朵, 单花花期5～7d, 从花前2 d到开花6 h花粉活力和柱头可授性都较大, 两者有效可遇期约为1.5 d, 可同花自交; 丹参自交结实和自然结实主要是通过同株异花传粉获得; 结合花粉/胚珠比、杂交指数以及繁育处理的结果认为,丹参不存在无融合生殖, 繁育类型为兼性异交, 自交亲和, 需要传粉者; 传粉媒介主要是蜂类。初步推断丹参为常异花授粉植物, 并对丹参育种中适宜采用的杂交方法及育种途径进行了探讨。     

Effect of atorvastatin on neointimal hyperplasia of venous autografts in rats

AIM: To investigate the effect of atorvastatin on neointimal hyperplasia of autogenous vein graft in rats. METHODS: The model of autogenous vein graft was prepared by transplanting the external jugular vein into aorta in Wistar rats. The rats were divided into three groups: sham operation group, graft control group and graft experimental group. From three days after transplantation, the rats of autograft experimental group were treated by atorvastatin at a dosage of 5 mg·kg-1·d-1. Four weeks after treatment, venous autografts were removed at autopsy and cut into 4 μm sections. Histopathological examination was carried out to analysis the neointimal hyperplasia of grafted veins. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to evaluate SMα-actin and PCNA expression of neointimal cells in venous autografts. RESULTS: In venous autograft control and experimental groups, SMα-actin-positive smooth muscle cells were proliferated and accumulated excessively in venous autografts, which resulted in significant neointimal formation and vascular lumen narrowing. Neointima quantitative assay revealed that the neointimal hyperplasia of venous autografts was suppressed obviously in graft experimental group, and its neointimal area and NIA/MA ratio of venous autografts were significantly lower than those in graft control group (P<0.01). Immunohistochemical assay indicated that the PCNA labeling index of neointimal cells was significantly lower in graft experimental group than that in graft control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Atorvastatin significantly inhibits the proliferation of neointimal smooth muscle cells and the development of neointimal hyperplasia of venous autografts in rats. Atorvastatin is a powerful inhibitor of restenosis after vascular reconstructive operation with a potential for therapeutic use.     

Functions of wild stathmin 1 and the C terminal mutant

AIM: To illustrate the effects of overexpression of stathmin 1 on melanocyte growth and the relationship between C terminal motif and stathmin 1 function.METHODS: The overexpression vector and C terminal mutant coding vector were constructed. The vectors were transfected into melanocytes by Lipofectamine 2000. MTT and FCM were used to inspect the cell growth, Western blotting was a tool in caspase-3 measurement, and spectrophotography was used to detect the melanin products and tyrosinase activity.RESULTS: The vectors of overexpression and mutation were constructed and transfected into melanocytes successfully. Both of them inhibited the melanocyte growth, induced apoptosis, and decreased the melanin products and tyrosinase activity.CONCLUSION: Overexpression of stathmin 1 inhibits melanocyte growth, melanin products and tyrosinase activity. The change of C terminal motif could not affect the role of stathmin 1 in melanocyte markedly.     

新疆龙蒿开花习性及花芽分化研究

通过对新疆龙蒿整个生长周期的动态观测,发现新疆龙蒿在5月下旬～7月初进行花芽分化,其过程可分为花轴分化期、花序分化期和花器官分化期;顶生花芽和侧生花芽均由营养锥分化而成;舌状花为雌花,管状花为两性花.     

甘蓝小孢子植株倍性简易鉴定方法研究

以编号为12、22的甘蓝材料（F1）经小孢子培养得到的植株为试材,先利用流式细胞仪对供试材料进行倍性鉴定,再利用普通光学显微镜观察已通过倍性鉴定的双单倍体与单倍体的气孔保卫细胞,以测定其大小与叶绿体数。结果表明：气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数与甘蓝倍性高低呈正比关系,甘蓝双单倍体气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数变异幅度为12~17,单倍体气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数的变异幅度为6~10;同一材料双单倍体与单倍体气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数的比值≈2,两者数值差异非常显著直观,易于辨别。因此观测气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数是鉴定甘蓝小孢子植株倍性的简易有效手段。     

大蒜高产栽培技术及病虫害防治

大蒜为百合科葱属植物蒜的鳞茎。大蒜的幼苗、花茎、鳞茎均为广大群众所喜食,不仅可以生食和做成调味品,还可以做成糖醋蒜、罐头和大蒜油等产品出口创汇。大蒜栽培历史有2000多年,大蒜是人们日常生活不可缺少的辛香类蔬菜。大蒜含有丰富的糖类、蛋白质、脂肪、粗纤维,数量元素、维生素和大蒜素,营养与保健价值极高,被誉为“天然广谱杀菌素”。     

攀西地区番石榴引种观察

番石榴（Psidium guajavaLinn）别名番稔、芭乐、鸡屎果,是亚热带名优水果之一,生长快、产量高。现台湾、广东、广西、福建、江西等省均有栽培,其果实含有丰富的维生素,铁、钙、磷的含量也极高,适合鲜食、加工,便于贮藏和运输。其果肉具有降压、祛痰润肺、消食解酒、降火利尿等作用,中外民间医药多有采用番石榴果实及其叶子治疗糖尿病。番石榴营养丰富,维生素C含量高。