水稻幼苗根际联合固氮能力的QTL定位

以珍汕97明恢63杂交组合的重组自交系(RIL)群体的241个株系和高效固氮菌株W12以及固氮菌株FY为材料,在严格限菌条件下,利用改进的SpermosphereModel技术,测定RIL群体及其亲本与两个固氮菌株的联合固氮能力表型值。采用MAPMAKER/QTL软件对获得的表型性状进行QTL定位分析,在第2染色体上,检测到控制与W12联合固氮能力(W12.NFA)和与FY联合固氮能力(FY.NFA)的QTL各1个;前者位于标记区间RM208～RM207,后者位于标记区间R712～RM324。分别对这两个QTLs的等位标记RM208与R712作单因子方差分析,得W12.NFA在RM208不同标记基因型间差异的F值为8.28,达0.0044显著性水平;FY.NFA在等位R712不同标记基因型间差异的F值为13.81,达0.0003显著性水平。显然,本研究检出的控制固氮菌株W12和FY与水稻根际联合固氮能力的QTL是相互独立的。     

Nanocolloidal gold-based immunoassay for the detection of the N-methylcarbamate pesticide carbofuran

Nanocolloidal gold particles were prepared and labeled to an anti-carbofuran monoclonal antibody (Mab). This conjugate was dispensed on the conjugated pad of a porous glass fiber. Ovalbumin (OVA)-carbofuran and goat anti-mouse IgG were dispensed on the nitrocellulose (NC) membrane and served as the test line and control line, respectively. The carbofuran-containing sample migrated to the NC membrane and reacted with the anti-carbofuran Mab labeled with the colloidal gold. The mixture diffused along the membrane and passed through the OVA-carbofuran in the test line via capillary action. The more analyte present in the sample, the more effectively it will compete with the carbofuran immobilized on the test line for binding to the limited amount of antibody labeled with colloidal gold. An adequate amount of carbofuran could prevent attachment of the colored conjugate to the test line. The presence or absence of a colored band on the test line could indicate a negative or positive result, respectively. When measured to the water sample spiked with carbofuran, this was obtained at or above 0.25 mg/L of carbofuran. The major advantages of the one-step strip test are that the detection time needed was <10 min and all of the reagents are included in the test device.     

几株固氮芽孢杆菌的分离与鉴定

摘要： 从小麦（Triticum aestivum）、玉米（Zea mays）、黑麦草（Lolium sp.）和柳树（Salix sp.）的根际土壤中分离得到能在无氮培养基上生长的29株芽孢杆菌（Bacilli），通过固氮酶活的测定以及固氮酶结构基因 nifH 的PCR扩增得到7株固氮芽孢杆菌。对这7株固氮菌株进行了生理生化性状测定、16S rDNA序列分析(GenBank accession No. AY373358, AY373360,~AY373364和AY376876)、G+C mol%含量的测定及DNA-DNA杂交实验，结果表明，其中5株菌属于芽孢杆菌，另外2株菌属于类芽孢杆菌。在这7株被鉴定的菌株中，菌株T1被鉴定为Bacillus cereus；菌株G1、C4和C5被鉴定为B. megaterium；菌株W5的生理生化性状、16S rDNA和G+C mol%与Bacillus marisflavi 相近；G2的生理生化性状和16S rDNA 与Paenibacillus polymyxa 接近，但在基于16S rDNA的系统发育树中却与P. durus 聚在最小的分支内；T7可能是Paenibacillus属中的一个新种。     

淮河安徽段水环境污染现状与防治对策

淮河是中国七大水系中污染最严重的河流之一，水污染使水资源紧张状况更为严峻，制约了区域经济的可持续发展。近年来，淮河干流水质有所好转，尤其是高污染河段的状况改善明显，但淮河的治理任务仍然艰巨。本文着重从流域的角度分析了淮河安徽段水环境污染现状、淮河水环境污染的主要因素和原因，最后从产业结构优化、水资源重复利用、污水处理厂建设以及推行清洁生产等方面，探讨了应对淮河水环境污染的主要措施。     

Testing the Aluminium Toxicity Hypothesis: A Field Manipulation Experiment in Mature Spruce Forest in Norway

Aluminium (Al) has been considered to be a central element for risk evaluation of forest damage due to acidification. It has been hypothesized that Al reduces root growth, nutrient uptake and forest vitality. However, forest monitoring studies fail to show correlations between soil acidification and forest health. In general, no direct relation between Al concentration and forest health has been established. Here, Al concentrations in soil solution were manipulated by weekly additions of dilute AlCl₃ to levels that are believed to be unfavorable for plant growth. Four treatments (in triplicate), including a reference and three Al addition levels, were established. Effects of enhanced Al concentrations on fine root growth, nutrient uptake and crown condition in a mature Norway spruce forest in Norway were tested (1996–1999). After three years of manipulation, crown condition, tree growth and fine root growth were not affected by potentially toxic Al concentrations. However, the Mg content in current year's needles decreased at the highest Al addition treatment. The Mg/Al ratio of fine roots of the same treatment had declined too, which suggests that Al blocked Mg uptake at the root surface. The manipulation will be continued for two more years.     

复合微生物拮抗菌剂的研制及其在大棚甜瓜生产中的应用

从甜瓜大棚土壤中筛选出菌株FP2,它可有效抑制甜瓜白粉病病原菌、甜瓜枯萎病病原菌、甜瓜疫病病原菌和甜瓜霜霉病病原菌的生长,通过形态学、生理生化和分子生物学研究,FP2被鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌。为增强该菌株的拮抗能力,用He-Ne激光诱变FP2,得到拮抗活性强且传代最稳定的突变株FP27和FP29,经发酵后将其按1∶1的比例制备成复合接抗菌剂。将复合拮抗菌剂和实验室前期生产的生化黄腐酸菌肥进行复配,首次研发出大棚甜瓜专用的生化黄腐酸复合微生物菌肥。将该菌肥应用于大棚甜瓜的生物防治,结果表明,该菌肥可有效防治大棚甜瓜各类病害的发生,甜瓜长势良好,含糖量高,具有显著的社会效益和经济效益。     

广州市蔬菜质量安全监管与追溯平台构建

农产品质量安全事件频繁发生,给人们的人身安全构成了较大的危害.针对广州市蔬菜农产品质量安全问题,构建了蔬菜农产品监管与追溯体系.从政府监管角度出发,研究分析了农产品信息采集、产品检测、数据传输等关键技术,在此基础上研发了广州市蔬菜农产品质量安全监管与追溯平台.该平台在广州市农产品质量安全监管部门及生产企业进行应用示范,结果表明监管与追溯平台的构建能有效地管理生产企业及其相关产品信息并保障农产品的质量安全.     

水稻花药培养技术及其育种应用的研究进展

从材料基因型、取材时期与预处理、培养基种类、激素配比、碳源和其他添加剂等方面综述了水稻花药培养技术的研究进展.大多研究表明,花培是稳定水稻亚种间籼粳杂交后代遗传性状的有效方法,但目前花培的株产率仍很低,在4％以下,且籼稻的株产率显著低于粳稻,主要原因是籼稻的基因亲和力低及其花药褐化和幼苗白化现象严重.同时,从改善培养条件(取材时期、预处理、培养基、激素、添加剂等)、建立花药离体培养体系、结合转基因和分子标记技术等方面提出了加快花药育种进程的建议.     

水系标志在大兴安岭中生代火山岩识别中的应用

水系类型、发育程度及组合状态可以直观反映一定的岩石类型与地质构造特点。基于大兴安岭研究区数字高程模型(DEM)数据通过D8算法对该地区水系进行提取,并经过与1∶50 000遥感影像叠加对比,结果表明基本吻合,提取效果理想,水系级别达到五级以及对1∶50 000遥感影像水系提取可以利用同区DEM代替。通过分析判断水系形式的发育特征,对区内岩石类型的划分和构造进行了准确的解译,取得显著且准确的成果。     

P群种质在玉米杂种优势利用和种质创新中的作用及展望

通过分析P群种质选育的品种,结合育种实践,认为P群种质是不同于我国原有4大杂种优势类群的一个相对独立的新的优势群.总结出P群种质的主要杂种优势模式,即P群×Reid类群、P群×塘四平头类群、P群×旅大红骨类群和P群×其它种质类群.提出了P群种质在今后玉米育种和种质扩增中存在的问题和利用思路。