不同供磷水平对胡麻磷素养分转运分配及其磷肥效率的影响简

 以“坝选３号”胡麻为材料，研究了不施磷、低磷、中磷和高磷４ 个不同施磷（Ｐ_２Ｏ_５）水平（０，３５，７０ 和１０５ｋｇ／ｈｍ^２）对胡麻植株中磷素累积、转运、分配和磷肥利用效率的影响。结果表明，低磷、中磷和高磷水平时，胡麻各器官不同生育阶段磷素养分吸收和累积量的基本趋势一致，但其变化量与施磷量有极大关系。胡麻地上茎、叶、非籽粒和籽粒中，磷素的日增量增幅因器官而异；胡麻只有叶片中有磷素转移，中磷处理比低磷和高磷处理磷转移量增加５４．９３％～７３．８３％和８．１９％～１０．００％（P＜０．０５），籽粒中２０．４６％～３５．９３％ 的磷素是靠叶片转运而来。胡麻植株磷素累积主要在生殖生长阶段，占整个生育期总累积量的７９．０２％～９２．１７％。施磷（Ｐ_２Ｏ_５）量为７０ｋｇ／ｈｍ^２时磷肥表观利用率和农学效率最高，分别为２０．２２％～２０．５３％和７．３０～７．４４ｋｇ／ｋｇ。胡麻产量随施磷量增加而增加，增幅最高达２８．９６％～３１．４６％。结合产量与磷肥表观利用率和农学效率，本实验区同等肥力土壤条件下，以施磷（Ｐ_２Ｏ_５）量为７０ｋｇ／ｈｍ^２（中磷）为宜。     

Cultivation Influences on Soil Organic Carbon Associated with Texture in Seasonally Frozen Zones

[Objective] This study aimed to examine indicative roles of texture representing soil organic carbon presence and variability subsequent to cultivation under cold temperate climates with seasonal freeze-thaw events.[Method] Three chronosequences were selected for paired comparisons.Soil samples were collected at six depths with a 10 cm increment.Analysis of variance with general linear model and regression was performed for statistical analysis.[Result] In seasonally frozen soils where fragmentation of macroaggregates was stimulated,soil organic carbon level was positively associated with clay ＋ silt proportion due to a wider textural range,better than sole clay content.Exponential function better fitted the experimental data to present progressively increased effectiveness of clay ＋ silt content in maintaining carbon.Clay content explained 12％-41％ and 14％-43％ of variation via linear and exponential functions,respectively.Accordingly,clay ＋ silt content explained 47％-65％ and 46％-70％.[Conclusion] Texture reflected soil organic carbon occurrence as consequences of reclamation.For seasonally frozen soils with wider textural ranges,it is robust to adapt clay ＋ silt content as dependent variable and exponential function.The generated algorithms provided an available pathway to estimate soil organic carbon losses following cultivation and to evaluate soil fertility.     

我国蔬菜肥料利用率现状与提高对策

我国露地蔬菜种植和设施蔬菜种植养分用量均超过蔬菜生长所需,导致土壤次生盐渍化、肥料利用率低,增加了面源污染风险,在分析这些现状的基础上,对造成蔬菜种植中氮、磷、钾肥料利用率低下的原因进行了分析,如有机肥与化肥施用配比随意性强,搭配不合理;氮、磷、钾肥配施比例不合理;大量元素与中微量元素配合施用不合理;肥料总施用量过大;土壤自身的原因等。并提出了提高肥料利用率的测土与科学配方施肥、有机肥与无机肥合理配合施用、采用水肥一体化技术和土壤调理剂等措施,有望提高我国蔬菜肥料利用率,节约资源,防止面源污染,实现蔬菜生产的可持续绿色发展。     

果蔬籽油生物活性研究进展

果蔬籽油是由果蔬籽经压榨或萃取工艺制得的植物油脂。果蔬籽油含有丰富的维生素、多不饱和脂肪酸、有机酸等活性成分,这些成分赋予了果蔬籽油抗氧化、抗癌、调节血脂和调节免疫系统等生物活性。本文综述了果蔬籽油生物活性的研究进展,旨在为果蔬籽油的综合开发和利用提供理论依据和指导。     

紫薇栽培管理技术

指出了紫薇作为城乡绿化的重要树种，适宜于庭院、园路两侧、池畔河边栽植。结合栽培管理实践，系统地总结了紫薇树的育苗、修剪和病虫害防治技术。     

关税和补贴对国企国有股份最优占比的影响——基于混合寡占理论分析

通过建立理论模型，并用2014年湖南省5县区20个城乡社区的调查数据，从家务劳动时间的视角分析湖南劳动力市场的性别工资差异及其影响因素。结果发现，家务劳动时间是影响湖南劳动力市场性别工资差异的重要因素，同时其他影响因素还有月工资收入、受教育程度、行业等，但职务职称对性别工资差异的影响存在不确定性。因此，政府应大力发展家庭服务业，建立健全覆盖城乡的家庭服务体系，基本满足家庭的服务需求，使女性从家务劳动中解脱出来，同时应通过政策倾斜确保女性培训比例，增强就业竞争实力；规范劳动合同，维护私有及民营企业女性从业者在劳动就业、社会保障等方面的合法权益。     

Study on Liver-protective Effect of Chinese Herbal Compound Probiotics on Acute Liver Injury Layers

This experiment was conducted to investigate the liver-protective effect of Chinese herbal compound probiotics (CHCP) on acute liver injury layers.One hundred and eight 1 day old hens were divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 9 layers per replicate in trial 1.The layers in model groups Ⅰ to Ⅲ were gavaged with 10% (V/V) soybean oil solution of carbon tetrachloride (SCCl₄) according to 1,2 and 4 mL/(kg·BW) at 14,28 and 35 d,respectively.The layers in control group were gavaged with 2 mL/(kg·BW) soybean oil.In trial 2,sixty 1 d layers were divided into 5 groups:Control group (soybean oil),model control group(SCCl₄)and low-dose,middle-dose and high-dose CHCP group (SCCl₄+1‰ CHCP,SCCl₄+2‰ CHCP and SCCl₄+4‰ CHCP respectively).CHCP were used by drinking water since 7 days.SCCl₄ were gavaged according to 2 mL/(kg·BW) at 14 and 28 d.The results showed as follows:The model of layers liver damage could be built by intragastric administration of 2 mL/(kg·BW) 10%(V/V) SCCl₄ at 14,28 d respectively,with the signs of hepatic steatosis,severe vacuolar degeneration,nuclear condensation and necrosis.Compared to the model control group,the serum AST levels in low,medium and high dose CHCP groups were decreased by 4.35% (P > 0.05),7.57% (P > 0.05) and 9.79% (P < 0.05),the serum ALT levels in medium and high dose CHCP groups were decreased by 34.92% (P < 0.01),36.51% (P < 0.01),the serum total bilirubin content in medium and high dose CHCP groups were decreased by 25.49% (P < 0.01),27.45% (P < 0.01).The liver cell congestion was reduced to varying degrees in different dose CHCP groups,and the liver cell had no vacuoles,arranged in neat rows,abundant cytoplasm and uniform in different dose CHCP groups.In conclusion,2‰,4‰ CHCP could reduce hepatocyte necrosis,decrease the serum activities of ALT,AST and total bilirubin levels,and had protective effect on hepatic injury induced by SCCl₄.     

亮斑扁角水虻形态观察及诱产卵菌的筛选

【目的】 研究引进亮斑扁角水虻在室内饲喂条件下的生活史、成虫种群雌雄比例变化规律,对其卵表及幼虫肠道中诱成虫产卵菌进行筛选和鉴定,为亮斑扁角水虻在本地区的规模养殖和综合利用提供理论依据。【方法】 引进亮斑扁角水虻,在室内光照条件下饲喂4代,用直接观察法记录亮斑扁角水虻在不同饲喂条件下的生活史和生活习性,显微拍照记录水虻各龄期的形态特征;用稀释涂布平板及平板划线的方法,对亮斑扁角水虻卵携带菌及其幼虫肠道菌进行分离纯化,筛选可诱导产卵的菌株,并鉴定。【结果】 与内地相比,亮斑扁角水虻在新疆饲养周期稍有延长,但其发育完好,能够在本地区进行世代饲养;观察并记录了其卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫及其其生殖器形态;筛选到对亮斑扁角水虻雌性成虫有诱导产卵效果的两株菌e1、Y3,其发酵液处理组平均产卵量分别为对照组的6.26和7.40倍,两株菌皆为革兰氏阳性菌,16S RNA测序初步鉴定e1为暹罗芽孢秆菌,Y3为节杆菌属,且Y3为1种潜在的新菌。【结论】 引进亮斑扁角水虻在新疆能够周年循环养殖,具有规模生产及综合开发利用潜力。     

Periplaneta americana peptide decreases apoptosis of pig-ovary granulosa cells induced by H2O2 through FoxO1

Oxidative stress can induce apoptosis of granulosa cells and lead to follicular atresia, thereby reducing the number of pigs giving birth. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Periplaneta americana peptide (PAP) on the apoptosis of the granulosa cells of pig ovaries (PGCs) induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) via FoxO1. PGCs were treated with H₂O₂ to establish a cell apoptosis model. Cell viability was measured using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level and nitric oxide (NO) content were detected to reflect the oxidative stress. Western blotting, qRT-PCR and overexpression were undertaken to determine the expression of FoxO1 and caspase-3, and immunofluorescence was used to detect FoxO1 in the nucleus and cytoplasm. PGCs were treated with 100 μM H₂O₂ for 6 hr, which resulted in oxidative damage and apoptosis and an apoptosis rate for PGCs of 32.95%. Next, PGCs were treated with 400 μg/ml PAP for 24 hr to repair the apoptosis induced by H₂O₂. PAP improved cell viability in H₂O₂-stimulated PGCs, the increased MDA level and NO content caused by H₂O₂ stimulation were reversed and the apoptotic rate of PGCs was reduced. The qRT-PCR and Western blotting results indicated that PAP decreased the H₂O₂-induced apoptosis and the expression of FoxO1 and caspase-3 in PGCs. The effect of PAP was the same following FoxO1 overexpression. FoxO1 was expressed in the nucleus when stimulated by H₂O₂ or overexpression; however, it migrated to the cytoplasm following PAP treatment. PAP decreased the apoptosis of PGCs induced by H₂O₂ by regulating FoxO1 expression and nuclear translocation.