苹果采摘机器人果实识别与定位方法

提出了利用归一化的红绿色差(R-G)/(R+G)分割苹果的方法.对不同光照情况下拍摄的苹果图像进行了识别,并对识别后的图像进行预处理后,获得苹果的轮廓图像.对轮廓图像采用随机圆环法进行果实圆心、半径提取.通过建立基于面积特征与极线几何相结合的匹配策略实现双目视觉下的果实定位,对于搜索区域内面积相似的果实,通过计算垂直投影的互相关函数最大值的方法,得到排序基准线,然后根据顺序一致性原则进行匹配.实验结果表明:识别算法可以较好地消除阴影、裸露土壤等影响,识别率达到92%.采用随机圆环法,可以准确地提取果实的圆心、半径.在60～150 cm的距离范围内,测量误差小于2 cm.     

应用灰色关联度分析法综合评价引进的爪哇稻资源

为了筛选到优异的种质资源用于水稻育种研究,对来自于不同国家和地区的95份爪哇稻分8期播种,考察了株高、穗长、单株穗数、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、千粒重、结实率和播始历期共8个农艺性状。以超级稻Y两优1号为模型构建的理想品种的农艺性状值为参考序列,利用灰色关联模型,求得理想品种与各爪哇稻的关联度系数,根据关联度系数大小对爪哇稻品种排序。结果表明,爪哇稻各农艺性状既受自身遗传背景的影响,也受外部环境因素的影响,但每个性状受环境因素影响的程度不同。爪哇稻各农艺性状间的密切程度不同,要想提高爪哇稻的结实率,应注重筛选每穗实粒数和单株穗数较高的品种。应用灰色关联度分析法筛选出LABELLE-2、IR71217-24-1-2、IAPAR9、MUAT MENIA 16238、C711098、IRAT 109、MD762、MD756、KIYALEH和PANTIA等综合性状较好的爪哇稻品种。     

非洲鸵鸟食管组织学观察

应用常规石蜡切片,H—E染色,对非洲鸵鸟食管组织结构进行观察并与家禽和哺乳动物的食管进行比较．结果表明：非洲鸵鸟食管黏膜上皮为复层扁平上皮,但角质化不明显,固有膜内食管腺丰富,由腺细胞围成的管泡状腺直接开口于黏膜上皮,分泌大量黏液．食管肌层非常发达,分为内环肌、中纵肌、外环肌3层,环肌很厚,与纵肌的比例约为3：1、外膜是一层薄的纤维膜,内含丰富的血管．淋巴组织和神经.     

龙眼肉中9种核苷类成分的高效液相色谱分析

利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法同时分离测定了龙眼肉中的9种核苷类成分(尿嘧啶、胞苷、尿苷、胸腺嘧啶、次黄嘌呤核苷、鸟苷、胸苷、腺嘌呤相对标准偏差和腺苷)。分离柱为Nucleosil C18反相柱(250 mm×4 mm),流动相为0.01 mol/L的KH2PO4和甲醇,梯度洗脱,流速1 mL/min,检测波长260 nm,柱温40℃。用外标法测定龙眼肉中9种核苷成分的含量。在供试条件下,选取9种核苷标准品的线性范围为0.05~3.20μg/mL,相关系数r=0.9999~1.0000;标准品在0~48 h内经多次测定,保留时间和峰面积的相对标准偏差分别为0.133%~1.156%和1.153%~3.023%;回收率和回收率相对标准偏差分别为98.79%~107.34%和1.411%~4.544%;仪器最低检出限分别为0.0035~0.0136μg/mL。     

烟草品种Coker176和Ti245抗TMV的遗传分析*

 以2个抗烟草花叶病毒（TMV）的烟草品种Coker176和Ti245及感TMV烟草品种K326为材料,经杂交、自交、回交建立F1,F2,BC1等世代群体。采用人工接种TMV的方法对各群体进行抗性鉴定,统计各世代抗感植株数;利用卡方测验对分离世代群体进行抗感分离比检测。结果表明,Coker176的TMV抗性由一对显性基因所控制,Ti245的TMV抗性由两对隐性基因所控制。最后对2个抗性亲本在抗TMV育种中的利用进行了探讨。     

重庆城郊草莓生产现状调查分析

为全面了解重庆城郊草莓生产现状,更好地为重庆草莓科研和生产服务,通过问卷调查、现场走访和电话问询等形式,对重庆城郊草莓种植分布、品种、生产成本与效益、生产特点与市场价格及存在的问题等方面进行了调查分析.根据调查结果,指出了重庆草莓产业的发展方向.     

Locomotion Score and Its Impacts on Production Performance and Blood Routine Indexes in Chinese Holstein

To investigate the influencing factors of locomotion score (LS) and its impacts on production performance and blood routine index in Holstein,body condition score (BCS),LS and DHI (dairy herd improvement) of 1 486 lactating cows from two dairy farms,and the blood routine indexes of 101 lactating cows from one farm in Beijing were measured.The fixed model was used to analyze the impacts of herd,parity and lactation stage on LS,and the impacts of LS and BCS on daily milk yield,somatic cell score,milk composition and blood routine indexes in dairy cows.The results showed that both parity and lactation stage had significant impacts on LS.The LS increased with the increase of parit,the LS increased by 0.71 from first lactation to fifth and above lactation.The LS of cow in lactation stage Ⅲ(100-199 d) and Ⅵ (after 350 d) were significantly higher than cow in stage Ⅱ (45-99 d)(P<0.05),and both were higher than 2.The LS had no significant impacts on daily milk yield,milk composition and somatic cell score (P>0.05).However,the milk yield of the cow with LS≥4 was the lowest,and a decrease of 2.29 kg was found compared with the cow with LS=1.Among the various blood routine indexes,LS had significant impacts on red blood cell count,hemoglobin content,mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and lymphocyte count (P<0.05),and had no significant impacts on white blood cell count (P>0.05).With the increase of LS,the red blood cell count,hemoglobin content,mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and lymphocyte count of cows decreased with different extents.There were some problems on the body immunity and hematopoiesis of cows with poor LS.In dairy farm,regular evaluation of LS could be used to find the management problems of feet and legs,which had a great significance to reduce the loss of production performance and early culling caused by hoof disease.     

杂交旱稻丰产节水栽培关键技术研究与集成应用

针对安徽沿淮地区气候特点,通过试验筛选出适宜沿淮地区旱种旱管栽培,丰产性和稳产性较好的旱稻品种5个,节水耐旱型水稻品种7个;明确了沿淮地区以旱优73为代表的杂交旱稻的丰产节水栽培技术:播种期6月5-12日,播种量2.0 kg/667 m~2左右,氮肥用量10~14 kg/667 m~2;在施肥过程中适当降低基蘖肥用量、增施穗粒肥,基、蘖、穗肥比例以4∶4∶2较好。     

小麦品种资源农艺性状鉴定与评价

通过对1 692份小麦品种资源农艺性状进行调查、鉴定与评价,结果表明:株高、穗长、穗粒数和千粒重的变异系数均大于14.7%,在综合鉴定和评价的基础上,筛选出早熟品种195份、矮秆品种66份、大穗品种36份、多粒品种22份和大粒品种44份。     

不同颜色防虫网覆盖栽培对豇豆生长发育的影响

研究了不同颜色（白色、黑色、红色、蓝色、绿色、银灰色）防虫网覆盖对栽培豇豆生长发育的影响。从豇豆的生育期、株高、茎粗、叶面积及叶绿素含量指数、产量和病虫害等方面综合考虑,在三亚地区绿色防虫网是较适合豇豆栽培的覆盖材料。