第一对真叶损伤对豇豆后期生长发育的影响

在豇豆第一对真叶充分平展后,分别剪去植株的1/2片、1片、2×1/2片、1＋1/2片、2片真叶,结果显示,豇豆植株的生育期、植物学性状、豆荚性状以及总产量都将受到影响,并且随着损伤程度的加大,影响逐渐变大。试验表明,第一对真叶在豇豆生长发育过程中有很重要的作用。     

化学杀虫剂对弱筋小麦籽粒安全性和品质的影响

为了探索弱筋小麦优质、高效、安全生产的杀虫剂使用方法,以扬麦13为材料,采用二因素随机区组设计,评价了三种化学杀虫剂在不同时期喷施对籽粒安全性和品质的影响。结果表明,三种化学杀虫剂在不同时期施用,均对小麦生长安全,不影响小麦的食用安全性。喷施化学杀虫剂后,显著降低籽粒蛋白质含量,显著提高淀粉含量,极显著提高蛋白质产量、淀粉产量和千粒重,RVA粘度特性大多数参数值上升,出粉率和弱化度显著提高,形成时间、稳定时间、评价值降低,而对拉伸仪参数无显著影响;吡虫啉和氧化乐果对品质改善的作用略大于毒死蜱。在抽穗开花期至花后7 d喷施,可获得较高的千粒重、蛋白质产量和淀粉产量,同时蛋白质含量较低,淀粉含量较高,粉质参数中形成时间、稳定时间较低,弱化度较高,更有利于弱筋小麦品质的形成;喷施时期对扬麦13直链淀粉含量、总淀粉含量和RVA粘度特性参数、拉伸仪参数的影响较小,均未达到显著水平。药剂和喷施时期之间互作不显著。     

“９０”后青年租购房选择及影响因素研究——基于合肥市在校生及毕业生问卷调查

将合肥市“９０后”青年分为在校生及毕业生为研究对象,从资本利得、住房消费观念、主观规范、社会 资源、市场环境等方面设计调查问卷,分析青年租购房选择及影响因素.结果发现:住房问题依然是 “９０后”青年需要解决的重要问题,购房存在较大的经济压力,有较多青年愿意选择租房来解决住房 问题.相对于注重资金流动性及租房灵活性的在校生,毕业生更注重买房稳定性;房价上涨是促使 “９０后”青年选择租房的一个重要因素,验证了“９０后不是不买房而是买不起”的观点;而“租售同权” 的社会资源、政府提供长期稳定的公租房以及房产开发商提供商业化租赁房的市场环境可显著影响 “９０后”青年租房选择.     

改性牛粪-树脂颗粒对水溶液中孔雀绿的吸附动力学研究

通过化学方法改性牛粪,并与树脂结合制得一种新型的吸附材料--改性牛粪-树脂颗粒.本研究通过静态实验方法检验所制备颗粒对水溶液中孔雀绿的吸附等温和吸附动力学过程,并利用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程以及准二级动力学方程和颗粒扩散模型对实验数据进行拟合.吸附等温实验结果表明,改性牛粪-树脂颗粒对水溶液中孔雀绿的吸附等温过程符合Langmuir方程,颗粒直径对最大吸附量产生一定影响,颗粒直径大于2 mm、1～2 mm和小于1 mm时的最大吸附量分别为158.73、185.19和128.21 mg·g-1.吸附动力学实验结果表明,颗粒扩散模型能够更好地描述改性牛粪-树脂颗粒对水溶液中孔雀绿的吸附过程(r2>0.98).在吸附动力学实验中,随着染料的初始浓度由40mg·L-1增加到150mg·L-1,扩散速率参数K从0.675 3 mg·g-1·min-1增加到1.644 0 mg·g-1·min-1;当牛粪-树脂颗粒的量从2.000 0 g增加到10.000 0 g时,扩散速率从1.603 3 mg·g-1·min-1下降到0.893 7mg·g-1·min-1;当搅拌速度从100 r·min-1增加到300 r·min-1时,扩散速率从1.176 8 mg·g-1·min一.增加到1.4174mg.g-1.min-1.在实验采用的3个粒径情况下,1～2mm粒径时扩散速率最高(1.569 8mg·g-1·min-1).     

四川不同产区烟叶脂氧合酶活性及基因表达水平的差异

为烟叶香气物质形成机制的研究提供参考,以云烟87和红花大金元2个烤烟品种为试验材料,在四川6个产区采用田间试验研究烤烟旺长期、现蕾期和成熟期烟叶的脂氧合酶活性、基因表达量差异及其相关性。结果表明:在四川6个产区2个烤烟品种不同生育期的脂氧合酶活性及其基因相对表达量存在差异,但变化趋势相同,并多在现蕾期达最高,且各产区云烟87和红花大金元烤烟不同生育期烟叶的LOX酶活性差异多达显著水平。在旺长期和现蕾期云烟87烟叶LOX基因的相对表达量与LOX酶活性呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.96和0.97;在成熟期呈不显著正相关,相关系数为0.14。在旺长期、现蕾期和成熟期红花大金元烟叶的LOX基因相对表达量与LOX酶活性均呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.98、0.95和0.97。烟叶脂氧合酶活性与其基因相对表达量呈正相关关系,且在旺长期、现蕾期和成熟期其相关性均达到极显著水平。     

两系法杂交稻安全制种的低温防御灌水理论与技术

 归纳了中国南方稻区8月中下旬低温的发生频率、强度和持续时间。明确了保证两系法杂交稻制种纯度的灌水增温幅度以2℃为宜。测定了培矮64S育性敏感期的幼穗高度和冠层结构特征，分析了灌水后冠层增温的空间和时间规律。结果表明，灌水的有效增温高度在株高40 cm以内，以20 cm处最为显著，平均可达3.1℃。提出防御低温的灌水技术为：15～20 cm的灌水深度；流动灌水；晴（昙）天17时灌水，次日10时排水，阴（雨）天24 h灌水；田块比较大时，适当增加入水口和出水口数量。通过不育系花粉育性和自交结实率的观测，证实了该技术的有效性。     

螯合剂对Ni污染土壤中紫花苜蓿生长和土壤酶活性的影响

通过盆栽紫花苜蓿实验,考察EDTA和柠檬酸(CA)对供试土壤中Ni各个形态分布、紫花苜蓿生理指标和土壤酶活性变化的影响。结果表明,供试土壤中施加EDTA/CA浓度为5.0/2.5 mmol·kg-1时,对土壤中Ni的活化效果较好,其水溶态含量是对照组的48.2倍,紫花苜蓿中丙二醛(MDA)含量提高了232.0%;施加EDTA/CA浓度为2.5/5.0 mmol·kg-1时,紫花苜蓿转运系数最大,是对照组的194.3%;紫花苜蓿细胞通透性随螯合剂总添加量的增大而增大,施加EDTA/CA浓度为5.0/10.0 mmol·kg-1时最大,比对照组增大206.3%;施加EDTA/CA对土壤过氧化氢酶均有不同程度的抑制作用。土壤蔗糖酶酶的激活率与CA施加量显著相关(P0.01)。研究认为,将EDTA/CA适当配比后施加,既可以减少螯合剂的用量,又可以较好地提高紫花苜蓿富集土壤中重金属Ni的效果。     

5—氮胞苷介导的转基因cry1Ab的阶段复活及其对水稻的生物学效应

用不同浓度的和5－氮胞苷溶液配合不同时间处理了发生的在转录水平的转基因cry1Ab沉默水稻。结果表明，5－氮胞苷处理能使8％－30％转基因水稻植株的转基因cry1Ab恢复表达活性，复活性基因表达的Cry1Ab蛋白含量可达0.147％，45mg/L5-氮胞苷处理1d可使转基因cry1Ab的复活率及Cry1Ab蛋白含量达最高。同时，5－氮胞苷处理使转基因水稻植株出现矮化，分蘖数、单株粒重下降，穗长减小及开花期延迟等发育异常现象。5－氮胞苷作为一种弱诱变剂在克服转基因沉默及创造具优良农艺性状的转基因植物中具有一定的应用价值。     

Experimental Researches on Carcinogenesis or Tumorigenicity of MDCK Canine Kidney Cell(CKC) Lines and Analysis of Their Chromosome Karyotypes

The chromosomal number variations & structural aberrations of the MDCK cell line, primary feline or canine kidney cell(FKC or CKC) and Hela cell line were investigated and their karyotypes of conventional chromosome bands were analyzed. The carcinogenesis or tumorigenicity testing of these cell lines in about 232 nude mice and for colony formation in soft agarose and for haemagglutination under different concentration of plant lectins of these cells were carried out. Under the prerequisite that the incidence of cancer or tumor in negative-control nude mice inoculated subcutaneously with primary feline or canine kidney cell cultures purified in vitro at passage 3 was 0 (0/22) and 0 (0/10), respectively. The incidence of the progressively-growing malignant tumor(MT) in positive-control nude mice inoculated subcutaneously with Hela cell cultures of KB, X, or NM20/X strain was 10/10, 25/25 and 5/51, respectively. The results showed that the incidence of tumor in nude mice with tetrapioid YA strain of MDCK cell during 20 - 45 passages, with hypodiploid JB strain of MDCK cell on passage 25, with di-and hypoploid JC strain of MDCK cell during 2 - 15passages or with hypoploid M strain of MDCK cell during 9 - 27 passages was 28/58, 1/5, 4/18 and 0/31,respectively. The chromosomal analysis results showed that the ratio of difference in the rate of modal chromosome number between high (mcs + n) and lowest (mcs)passages was not more than 5 % - 15 % and the structure aberrations was generally 0 - 3%. These results proved that the genetic characteristics of chromosomal number of cell lines determines their tumorigenicity, but it is species-specific. MDCK line has tumorigenicity no matter what its chromosome karyotype is, at least it has very low tumorigenicity even when its modal chromosome number is hypoploid. The repeatedly frozen, thawed and split controls of tumorigenicity-positive cell lines(X strain of Hela, M strain of BHK-21, JA strain of Vero, YA strain of MDCK) have much lower tumorigenicity or are even non-carcinogenesis, and the repeatedly frozen, thawed and split controls of very low tumorigenicity cell lines (M or JC strain of MDCK) are certainly non-carcinogenic and never have increased tumorigenicity.It is thus evident that MDCK cell of M, JB or JC strain can be approved as substrate for the preparation of attenuated viral vaccines, but MDCK cell of YA strain can not be approved as substrate for the preparation of comattenuated viral vaccines. In summary, all strains of MDCK cell line have tunorigenicity, at least have low tumorigencity, never have non-cancinogenic MDCK, but very low tumorigenicity MDCK cell strains can certainly be used for the approval production of canine viral vaccines if the DNA content in viral cell cultures was remarkably decreased through conventional means in manufacturing process. Therefore, the master cell stock and working cell bank of MDCK line used for vaccine manufacture were established in China, which are free of infectious agents, and described with respect to cytogenetic characteristics and tumorigenicity. Tests showed that there were correlations among cell line chromosome number variations, anchorage independence in soft agarose, haemagglutination under plant lectins, and tumor-forming ability in nude mice, thus all the in vitro tests are economic, simple and reliable means for monitoring the tumor-forming ability of MDCK line in nude mice.     

扬稻6号差异表达基因与杂种优势关系分析

为探讨扬稻6号的杂种优势分子机理,以扬稻6号、特膏和明恢63配制的强、中、弱优势组合及其亲本为材料,利用DD-PCR技术。分析剑叶和幼穗的基因差异表达类型与主要农艺性状的杂种表现及杂种优势的关系。结果表明：千粒重与剑叶的DMP2（F1和父本表达的条带）和幼穗的UNP1（母本特异表达的条带）、UMONO（F1和双亲都沉默的条带）呈显著正相关,而与幼穗的UNF1（F1特异表达的条带）和MONO（F1和双亲都表达的条带）呈显著负相关。在超亲优势方面千粒重与幼穗的UNF1呈显著负相关。推测杂种优势可能受父本基因型影响较大。此外,分别克隆强、弱优势F1闻差异表达的条带,反Southem鉴定出40个差异表达基因。涉及光合作用、生物运输、逆境应答、转录调控、信号转导、糖代谢、氨基酸代谢等。