稻虾共作模式氮和磷循环特征及平衡状况

稻虾共作模式是我国长江中下游地区一种新兴的稻田复合种养生态模式,研究稻虾共作系统中氮（N）和磷（P）的循环特征及盈亏状况,对合理调控稻虾共作系统养分循环和平衡,指导系统N和P优化管理具有重要的意义。本文通过田间试验,采用投入产出法,以中稻单作模式作为对照,研究了稻虾共作模式下N和P的循环特征及平衡状况。结果表明：克氏原螯虾子系统N和P的输出/输入比分别为0.62和0.44,且子系统中N和P以饲料输入最大,占总输入的92.9%和96.4%,以成虾N和P输出最大,分别占总输出的53.3%和59.5%;在目前投入水平下,两种模式土壤子系统中N和P表观平衡均出现盈余,且稻虾共作模式土壤子系统N的盈余量高于中稻单作模式,而P的盈余量则低于中稻单作模式;稻虾共作模式和中稻单作模式的N和P输出/输入比均小于1,且稻虾共作模式的N和P输出/输入比均小于中稻单作模式;稻虾共作模式增加了土壤截存的N和P量,其土壤截存的N和P量较中稻单作模式分别提高49.2 kg·hm^-2和9.1 kg·hm^-2;稻虾共作模式提高了系统N和P表观损失量,其系统N和P表观损失量较中稻单作模式分别提高10.2 kg·hm^-2和1.0 kg·hm^-2。可见稻虾共作模式降低了N和P输出/输入比,促进了土壤中N和P的累积,但增加了系统N和P表观损失量。     

基于Logit模型下农民加入专业合作社的意愿分析

以河南省为例,利用二元因变量模型对农民参与专业合作社的预期影响因素进行分析.研究表明,文化程度较高的农民或具有干部身份的农民更倾向于参与专业合作社.     

WebGIS客户端实现技术的比较研究及应用

WebGIS(网络地理信息系统)是当前GIS业内最热门的话题之一.WebGIS的开发技术和工具也越来越多.为此,在介绍Applet、栅格图形、VML等几种WebGIS开发的客户端实现技术的同时,对其优缺点进行了比较;分析了目前WebGIS混合实现技术存在的缺陷,并采用其中比较优秀的VML技术,针对环境地理信息进行了试验;最后,对这种VML技术结合与WebGIS的前景进行了讨论,指出了VML技术将在WebGIS的发展过程中起到相当大的作用.     

微生物发酵技术在干红葡萄酒泥饲料化中的应用研究进展

介绍了我国干红葡萄酒泥的资源现状和在饲料化利用中存在的主要问题;综述了国内外干红葡萄酒泥中主要抗营养因子微生物降解的最新进展,展望了干红葡萄酒泥饲料化在饲料业的发展前景。     

转Bt基因棉对棉铃虫抗性的时空动态

在室内研究了转Ｂｔ基因棉对棉铃虫抗性的时空动态及对棉铃虫幼虫取食行为的影响,结果表明,整个棉花生长期,棉花不同器官随着时间的变化其抗性有较大的差异,如７月以后,棉叶对棉铃虫幼虫的抗性明显下降,由６月下旬的１００％下降到８月初的６２．５％,然后抗性又逐渐回升,但仍为下降的趋势;从空间抗性来看,营养器官的抗性高于繁殖器官,接虫２４ｈ后,棉铃虫幼虫在转基因棉繁殖器官上分布数量较多;转基因棉对棉铃虫幼虫取食行为有较大的影响,和常规棉相比,在转基因棉上取食时间减少５７．６％,吐丝下垂、爬行和静息的时间分别延长３９６．１％、２２．４％和４．０％。     

棉花RNA的快速提取方法

目前已发展的从植物中提取RNA的方法有多种.但由于棉花中次生物质含量较高,因此有些方法并不适合于棉花RNA的提取.本文介绍经过反复实验后改进的棉花RNA的提取方法,它具有快速、简单等特点.     

杂交棉标杂A1和石杂2号超高产冠层特性及其与群体光合生产的关系

在田间自然条件下, 以标杂A₁、石杂2号为材料, 研究了超高产(3 500 kg hm^-2以上)杂交棉冠层的叶面积配置、叶倾角和光分布等冠层特性的变化及与群体光合生产的关系。结果表明, 超高产条件下杂交棉叶面积指数高且持续期长, 群体叶面积配置与光分布较均匀, 花铃期冠层中部有较好的透光性, 吐絮期底部漏光损失较小, 整个冠层仍保持较高的光吸收率。超高产杂交棉不仅群体光合速率峰值高, 而且高值持续时间长, 生育后期非叶器官仍维持较高的光合能力, 特别是茎的光合贡献率为常规高产棉花的1.6~4.9倍, 这是杂交棉在生育后期能保证群体光合优势的一个重要原因。超高产杂交棉的棉铃干物质空间分布与叶分布、光分布和冠层光合分布的比例吻合程度较高, 保证了光能的有效利用, 促进同化物及时向棉铃转运, 有利于挖掘杂交棉品种的增产潜力。     

秸秆旋埋还田后空间分布效果仿真与试验

对传统旋耕机(TR)、秸秆旋埋还田机(SR)和深松+秸秆旋埋还田机(SSR)进行了秸秆还田离散元仿真和田间试验对比。通过设计的秸秆三维坐标测量装置对秸秆在土壤中的空间坐标进行了测量,并在三维绘图软件中还原了秸秆在土壤中的空间状态,及秸秆在三维图中量化及可视化显示。对取样立方体进行分层、横向及纵向划分等探究了秸秆在土壤中垂直分布及水平分布的均匀性。利用离散元软件建立了相应的仿真模型,并与田间试验设定了相同的作业参数,在仿真作业完成后,通过设置不同尺寸的Geometry Bin计算区域内秸秆数量,并分别对应实际田间作业的分层、横向和纵向划分。在分层处理中,仿真与实测结果表明,SR和SSR埋入土壤中的秸秆量都明显大于TR,尤其是埋入土壤下层的秸秆量均是TR的数倍。TR、SR和SSR作业后各层秸秆占比仿真值和实测值的变异系数均呈递减趋势,其中SSR的变异系数最小,分别为28. 8%和28. 7%。3种耕作装备下仿真值与实测值的变异系数相差不大,平均误差为9. 6%。横向和纵向划分中,TR、SR和SSR的各区域秸秆占比仿真值和实测值的变异系数无绝对规律,SSR的变异系数均最小。离散元仿真和田间试验结果表明,SSR秸秆还田后,秸秆在土壤中垂直分布和水平分布的均匀性均最优。离散元仿真较好地拟合了实际田间作业后秸秆的空间分布状态,相对误差在可接受范围内。     

Nontypeable haemophilus influenzae induces IL-8 expression in alveolar epithelial cells in a p38 MAPK and NF-κB dependent manner

AIM:To investigate the key molecular mechanism of inflammatory response in alveolar epithelial cells induced by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). METHODS: A549 cells were co-cultured with NTHi (multiplicity of infection, MOI: 10) and harvested 15 min and 30 min after stimulation. The phosphorylation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in A549 cells was detected by Western blotting. The intracellular expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 was examined by flow cytometry 4 h after stimulation. A549 cells were preincubated with p38 inhibitor (SB203580) or NF-κB inhibitor (PDTC) for 1 h and then stimulated with NTHi for 24 h. The level of interleukin 8 (IL-8) in the supernatants was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was rapidly induced by NTHi stimulation. The expression of NF-κB p65 in A549 cells after NTHi stimulation was significantly up-regulated compared with control group (P<0.05). The level of IL-8 in the supernatants was increased 24 h after bacterial stimulation compared with control group (P<0.05). Blockage of p38 MAPK or NF-κB remarkably decreased IL-8 secretion in A549 cells (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:NTHi induces inflammatory response in alveolar epithelial cells in a p38 MAPK and NF-κB dependent manner.     

Inhibitory effect of T-bet gene transfer on airway inflammation in a established murine allergic asthmatic model

AIM: To investigate the effect of T-bet plasmid gene transfer to airway on allergen induced airway inflammation in a murine asthmatic model. METHODS: A mouse asthma model was established by sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA). Forty C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups (10 mice in each group): the normal control group (group A), the asthmatic model group (group B), the pcDNA3 plasmid group (group C), and the pcDNA3-T-bet group (group D). The animals in group B, C and D were sensitized and challenged with OVA. The animals in group A were applied with normal saline. pcDNA3 plasmid at dose of 50 μg was intranasally administered at 24 h before intranasal challenges to the mice in group C, and the 50 μg pcDNA3-T-bet plasmid for the mice in group D. Bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected and lung tissues were resected at 48 h after OVA challenge for later assay. RESULTS: After administration with pcDNA3-T-bet plasmid, high level of T-bet expression at 48 h was detected in the lung tissue by Western blotting. In pcDNA3-T-bet treated asthmatic models, histological evaluation revealed the significant suppression of eosinophil peribronchial and perivascular infiltration, and reduction of epithelial damage. The numbers of eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes in BALF from pcDNA3-T-bet treated mice were significantly reduced compared to those in asthmatic control group (P<0.05). The level of IL-4 in BALF was significantly decreased in pcDNA3-T-bet group compared to that in asthmatic control group (P<0.05), while the level of IFN-γ in BALF was significantly increased in pcDNA3-T-bet group. No significant change of inflammation cells and cytokines in pcDNA3 plasmid group and asthmatic control group was observed (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Intranasal pcDNA3-T-bet plasmid transfer inhibits asthmatic airway inflammation in the murine asthmatic model, suggesting a new therapeutic strategy for allergic asthma.